SEPETANG BERSAMA PANITIA FIZIK

TINGKATAN 5 (PRAS)

FORCE AND PRESSURE

1)

Figure 4

Figure 4 shows an apparatus used in the laboratory to measure atmospheric pressure. The
length of the glass tube is 100 cm. The height of the vacuum column is 8 cm and the height
of the mercury column is 76 cm.
(a) Name the apparatus as shown in the figure

(b) (i) What is the value of the atmospheric pressure in cm Hg?

(ii) What is the pressure at point X in cm Hg?

(iii) If the density of the mercury is 1.36 104 kg m-3 and the acceleration due
to gravity is 9.8 ms-2.Calculate the atmospheric pressure in Pascal.

(c) What will happen to the height of mercury column from the surface of the mercury in
the container if
(i) the tube is raised through a height of 12 cm?

(ii) the tube is lowered through a depth of 6 cm?

(iii) the glass tube is inclined about 2o from the vertical line?

(iv)Give reason for you answer in (c) (iii)

 (d) The apparatus above can be used to measure altitude
(i) Explain why this can be done

(ii) Explain why the apparatus above is not suitable to measure altitude

2) Diagram 5 shows the arrangement of a hydraulic brake system of a vehicle. The cross section
area of the main cylinder , front brake cylinder and the back brake cylinder are 2.5 10 4 m2,
6.0 104 m2 and 5.0 104 m2 respectively.

Diagram 5
(a) The brake pedal is pressed with a force of 10 N.
(i) State the relationship between the pressure of the brake fluid in front brake cylinder
and the pressure of brake fluid in back brake cylinder.
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the force which acts on each of the front piston.

[3 marks ]
(b) Explain why bigger force is exerted on each front piston of brake cylinder than each back
piston of the brake cylinder.
[2 marks]

(c) This brake system is less effective if there are bubbles formed in the brake fluid. Explain
why.
[1 mark]
(d) Why is the cross section area of the left and right front piston of the brake cylinder must
be the same.

[1mark]
3) Diagram 4.1 shows a piece of paper hanging from a retort stand. When air flows from the
nozzle of an air pump, the paper changes its position as shown in Diagram 4.2.

Diagram4.1 Diagram 4.2

(a) Compare the position of the paper in Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2.

[1 mark]
(b) P is a force that causes the paper to change its position. In the box X on Diagram 4.2, label
the direction of P that acts on the paper.
[1 mark]
(c) Explain how P is produced.
[2 marks]

(d) (i) Compare to the position of the paper in Diagram 4.2, how does the position of the
paper changes when the air flows faster?
[1 mark]
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (d)(i).
[1 mark]
(e) Name the principle that causes the observation in Diagram 4.2.
[1 mark]
(f) Name an instrument which uses the principle in (e).
[1 mark
4) (a) Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show a student pushes a glass rod into plasticine in two
ways .

Diagram 6.1 Diagram 6.2

(i) If equal force is applied on the wooden block in each plasticine, compare the depth
penetrated by the wooden block.
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your observation in 6(i).
 [2 marks]
(b) Diagram 6.3 shows a document bag.

Diagram 6.3
The surface area of the handle is broader. Explain why.
[1 mark

5) Diagram 2.1 shows a cylinder which has a air-tight piston. The area of cross-section of the
piston is 4.0 104 m2. A load, X of mass 1.0 kg is placed on top of the piston and the height
of the air trapped in the cylinder is h as shown in Diagram 2.2.
(Neglect the mass of piston. Take atmospheric pressure =
1.00 105 N m2.)

Diagram 2.1 Diagram 2.2

(a) Based on the kinetic theory of matter,
(i) what is the cause of the pressure acting on the inner wall of the cylinder and piston?

[2 marks]
(ii) explain what would happen to the pressure when the load is placed on the piston?

[2 marks]
(b) (i) Calculate the pressure on the surface of piston due to the load, X only.

[2 marks]
(ii) What is the air pressure of the trapped air?
 [2 marks]
(c) (i) The clip on cylinder in Diagram 2.2 is open and then closed again rapidly. Piston will
sink and then achieves a new equilibrium position above the clip. What is the pressure
of the trapped air now?
[1 mark]
(ii) The clip is further open. State the new position of the piston.

[1 mark]

6) Diagram 9 shows two identical blocks floating in two different liquids.

Diagram 9
(a) What is meant by density?
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Compare the buoyant force acting on the blocks when it is immersed in liquid P and
liquid Q, the portion of the block immersed and the density of the liquids. Hence,
deduce the factors which affect the buoyant force acting on the blocks immersed in a
liquid and how the factors relate to each other.
[5 marks]
(ii) Name the physics principle that explains the situation.
[1 mark]
(c) By using physics concept, explain how a hot-air balloon able to
move upwards .
[3 marks]
(d) You are asked to suggest a design of a submarine that can dive deep
into the sea and also float back to the sea surface safely.
Your suggestions should include the following aspects.
(i) The characteristics of the material used to make the hull of the submarine.
(ii) The mechanisme which allows the submarine to dive.
[10 marks]

7) Diagram 2 shows jets of water emitting from three different position on the side of a tin
container fully filled with water. At P, the jet of water spurts out at the shortest distance while
water jet spurts out at the longest distance at R.
 Diagram 2
Based on the information and observation:
(a) State one suitable inference.
[1 mark]
(b) State one suitable hypothesis.
.[1 mark]
(c) With the use of apparatus such as thistle funnel, manometer, coloured water, rubber tube,
thin piece of rubber, tall jar, retort stand and metre ruler and other apparatus , describe one
experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 2(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) The aim of the experiment.
(ii) The variable in the experiment.
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials.
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus.
(v) The procedure of the experiment which should include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable.
(vi) The way you tabulate the data.
(vii) The way you analyse the data.
[10 mark]