B LYPMHOCYTES
precursor cell in the antibody production
surface Immunoglobulin (SmIg)
subsets:
o B1 CD 25+
o B2 most common B cell in the blood
Development/Ontogeny
o Pro-B cell (immature B cells)
CD 19+ and CD 25+
Start of coding for the gene of heavy chain
(Chromosome 14)
o Pre-B cell
with heavy chain
start of coding for light chains
2 types of light chains:
Kappa - Chromosome 2
Lambda - Chromosome 22
Ratio of Kappa to Lambda (2:1)
o Immature B cell
light chains and disulfide bond
complete antibody on the surface
first antibody produced = IgM
formation of CD 21+
CD 21+ = receptor for Epstein-Barr Virus
(Kissing Disease; Infectious Mononucleosis)
o Mature B cell
IgD
o Activated B cell
activated by IL-2
o Plasma cell
eccentric, cartwheel shaped nucleus with
perinuclear halo
sometimes mistaken as osteoclasts
Difference between Plasma cells and B cells:
B cells Ab = surface
Plasma cells Ab = cytoplasm
NK (NATURAL KILLER) CELLS
aka Large Granular Lymphocytes (LGL)
kill infected and malignant cells
identified by presence of CD 56+ and CD 16+,
absence of CD 3+
activated by IL-2 & IFN-gamma to become
Lymphokine-Associated Killer (LAK) cells
IFN-gamma = produced by T cells
Virgin Lymphocytes - lymphocytes not
exposed to foreign antigens
LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION OF
LYMPHOCYTES
o Flow Cytometry
uses fluorescence as label
for quantitative measurement
o Fluorescence Microscopy
for qualitative measurement
o Rosette Assay
Mitogen - causes mitotic division of lymphocytes
T cells
Pokeweed Antigen (PWA)
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)
Concanavalene A (Con-A)
B cells
LPS
PWA
Ficoll Isopaque Reagent
separates lymphocytes from other cells
with specific gravity 1.077-1.114
Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)
culture media for lymphocytes
Ajuvants - substances that enhance immune
response
Stimulates phagocytes
 Stimulates B cells
Stimulates T cells

Immunologic Disorders
T cells B cells
DiGeorges Syndrome - aplasia of the Brutons X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia
thymus Selective IgM, IgA deficiency
Nezelof Syndrome (Cellular - most common B cell disorder
Immunodeficiency with X-linked Lymphoproliferative Disease
Immunoglobulins) (Duncans Disease)
- defect in Chromosome 14
- most common primary
immunodeficiency
- mistaken as AIDS
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
(CMC)
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
1. Eczema
2. Immunodeficiency
3. Thrombocytopenia
Hereditary Ataxia-Telangiectasia
- aka Louis-Bar Syndrome
- problem in blood vessels