Why do we use this and these?

We use this (singular) and these (plural) as pronouns:

- to talk about people or things near us:

This is a nice cup of tea.

Whose shoes are these?

- to introduce people:

This is Janet.
These are my friends, John and Michael.

WARNING:
We dont say These are John and Michael.
We say This is John and this is Michael.

- to introduce ourselves to begin a conversation on the phone:

Hello, this is David, Can I speak to Sally?

Why do we use that and those?

We use that (singular) and those (plural):

- to talk about things that are not near us:

Whats that?
This is our house, and thats Rebeccas house over there.
Those are very expensive shoes.

- We also use that to refer back to something someone said or did:

- Shall we go to the cinema?

- Yes, thats a good idea.

- Ive got a new job.

- Thats great.
 - Im very tired.
- Why is that?

this, these, that, those with nouns

We also use this, these, that and those with nouns to show
proximity

We use this and these for people or things near us:

We have lived in this house for twenty years.

Have you read all of these books?

and that and those for people or things that are not near us:

Who lives in that house?

Who are those people?
Change this sentences to plural.
Example
This is a pencil. These are pencils.
1. This is a book.

2. That is a computer.

3. This is a television.

4. That is a pen.

Change this sentences to singular.

Those are teachers. That is a teacher.
1. These are English books.
2. Those are pencils.

3. These are computers.

4. Those are papers.

Choose the answer! Read the sentence. Circle the correct answer.
a. ______________ is my bedroom. These / This / Those
b. Look there! ______________ my teacher on the bus. Thats / This is / That
c. Come here and look! ______________ rabbits are so cute! Those / These are
/ These
d. ______________ are my friends outside. These / Those / That
e. ______________ your book over there? Is that / Are that / Is this
f. ______________ your bag here! That is / This / This is
g. ______________ toys there your favourite? Are these / Those / Are those
h. I want to buy ______________ shoes here! those / these / these are
 SIMPLE PRESENT

Simple present is also called present simple.

The simple present expresses an action in the present taking place

regularly, never or several times. It is also used for actions that take place
one after another and for actions that are set by a timetable or schedule.
The simple present also expresses facts in the present.

Use

Action in the present taking place regularly, never or several times

facts
actions taking place one after another
action set by a timetable or schedule

he present tense is the base form of the verb: I work in London.

But the third person (she/he/it) adds an -s: She works in London.

Use

We use the present tense to talk about:

something that is true in the present:

 Im nineteen years old.
He lives in London.
Im a student.

something that happens again and again in the present:

I play football every weekend.

We use words like sometimes, often. always,

and never (adverbs of frequency) with the present tense:

I sometimes go to the cinema.

She never plays football.

something that is always true:

The adult human body contains 206 bones.

Light travels at almost 300,000 kilometres per second.

something that is fixed in the future.

The school term starts next week.

The train leaves at 1945 this evening.
We fly to Paris next week.

Questions and negatives

Look at these questions:

Do you play the piano?

Where do you live?
Does Jack play football?
Where does he come from?
Do Rita and Angela live in Manchester?
Where do they work?
 With the present tense, we use do and does to make
questions. We use does for the third person (she/he/it) and we
use do for the others.

We use do and does with question words

like where, what and why:

But look at these questions with who:

Who lives in London?

Who plays football at the weekend?
Who works at Liverpool City Hospital?

Look at these sentences:

I like tennis, but I dont like football. (dont = do not)

I dont live in London now.
I dont play the piano, but I play the guitar.
They dont work at the weekend.
John doesnt live in Manchester. (doesnt = does not)
Angela doesnt drive to work. She goes by bus.

With the present tense we use do and does to make

negatives. We use does not (doesnt) for the third person
(she/he/it) and we use do not (dont) for the others.
 1.Exercise on Affirmative Sentences

Arrange the words to make sentences in simple present.

1. I / to collect stamps I collect stamps

2. we / to play card games -

3. he / to read comics -

4. Chris / to sing in a band -

5. we / to have a hamster -

6. Andy and John / to like cola -

7. she / to be nice -

8. they / to help their parents -

9. the children / to speak English -

10. I / to buy a newspaper every Saturday -

2. Exercise on Negative Sentences

Make negative sentences.

1. I watch TV. I dont watch TV.

2. We play football. -

3. It is boring. -

4. She cleans her room. -

5. You ride your bike every weekend. -

6. Sandy takes nice photos. -

7. They open the windows. -

8. He buys a new CD. -

9. I am late. -

10. She likes cats. -

3. Exercise on Questions I

Arrange the words below to make questions.

1. she / to collect / stickers Does she collect stickers?

2. they / to play / a game -

3. the cat / to sleep / in the cat's bed -

4. she / often / to dream -

5. he / to play / streetball -

6. you / to be / from Paris -

7. the pupils / to wear / school uniforms -

8. you / to go / to the cinema -

9. she / to have / friends -

10. he / to read / books -

Write down the missing sentences
1. Write the following Cardinal numbers or Ordinal numbers
correctly.

1. twenty-ninth
2. thirty-one
3. twenty-second
4. twenty-fourth
5. sixteenth
6. thirty
7. twenty-one
8. twelve
9. thirtieth
10. eight

2. Fill in the words into the crossword.

 Write the date into the gaps the way it is spoken in English

7 Apr the seventh of April or April the seventh

1. 25 Aug
2. 11 May
3. 8 Mar
4. 23 Oct
5. 14 Jun
6. 31 Dec
7. 2 Feb
8. 30 Jul
9. 6 Sep
10. 13 Jan
 THE MODAL VERB CAN FOR ABILITY

Positive Negative Form - (cannot or

Tense Question Form ? (can / can't)
Form + (can) can't)

Can you speak English?

Presen I can speak German
I can't speak Chinese.
quite well.
t Can't you find the practice forum?
We use there is and there are to say that something exists.

Positive Sentences
We use there is for singular and there are for plural.

There is one table in the classroom.

There are three chairs in the classroom.

There is a spider in the bath.

There are many people at the bus stop.

We also use There is with uncountable nouns:

There is milk in the fridge.

There is some sugar on the table.

There is ice cream on your shirt.

Contractions
The contraction of there is is there's.

There's a good song on the radio.

There's only one chocolate left in the box.

You cannot contract there are.

There are nine cats on the roof.

There are only five weeks until my birthday.

Negative Form
The negative is formed by putting not after is or are:

There is not a horse in the field.

There are not eight children in the school.

There is not a tree in the garden.

There are not two elephants in the zoo.

We almost always use contractions when speaking.
The Negative contractions are:

There's not = There isn't

There are not = There aren't

There aren't with ANY

When we want to indicate that a zero quantity of something exists we use there
aren't any.

There aren't any people at the party.

There aren't any trees in my street.

We also use this structure with uncountable nouns:

There isn't any water in the swimming pool.

There isn't any sugar in my coffee.

Questions
To form a question we place is / are in front of there.
Again we use any with plural questions or those which use uncountable nouns.
We also use there is / are in short answers.

Is there a dog in the supermarket? - No, there isn't.

Are there any dogs in the park? - Yes, there are.

Is there a security guard in the shop? - Yes, there is.

Are there any polar bears in Antarctica? - No, there aren't.

Is there any ice-cream in the freezer? - Yes, there is.

Choose There is or There are from the dropdown menu to complete the sentences.
Mind singular or plural of the nouns.
1. a bag on the table.
2. a calendar on the wall.
3. two posters in my room.
4. a banana in this basket.
5. six chairs in the kitchen.
6. lots of books on the shelf.
7. a mirror in our hall.
8. 12 cushions on the sofa.
9. a big wardrobe in my sister's bedroom.
10. children in the yard.

Complete the sentences

1. There _____ thirty students in my class.

2. There _____ some books in my bag.
3. There _____ some computers in the library.
4. There _____ a blackboard in the classroom.
5. There _____ a CD player on our teachers desk.
6. There _____ some posters.
7. There _____ some dictionaries in the classroom.

Complete the sentences. Use the affirmative

1. ________ an Italian boy in my class.

2. ________ an internet caf opposite our school.
3. ________ five supermarkets in my town.
4. ________ a museum next to the park.
5. ________ some posters in front of the cinema.

Complete these sentences. Use the negative

1. ___________ any shopping centres in this town.

2. ___________any beaches in London.
3. ___________an American caf here.
4. ___________a Hollywood in Spain.
5. ___________any rap CDs in this shop.

THERE IS, THERE ARE

1. _________ some fantastic beaches at the Costa del Sol.

2. _________ (not) a hole in the floor.
3. _________ (not) a tram station in Alhaurin de la Torre.
4. _________ many schools in Fuengirola.
5. _________ (not) a swimming pool in town.
6. _________ many animals in the Zoo.
7. _________ (not) a snake in the window.
8. _________ an eel in the aquarium?
9. _________ any children in the park?
10. _________ (not) a gorilla in the tree.
11. _________ a lot of traffic in Valencia.
12. _________ anywhere to park around here?
13. _________ only one way to solve this problem.
14. _________ enough time to finish?
15. _________ (not) many tigers left in the world.
16. _________ any public buses in Los Angeles.
17. _________ anyone here who wants to volunteer?
18. _________ many windows in the room?
19. _________ (not) a TV in my kitchen.
20. _________ two chairs in the living room.