TM TT PHN TCH PHN GII TCH 2

1. Tch phn bi 3
- Nu min c hnh chiu xung mt phng Oxy l min D v gii hn trn bi mt
z=(x,y) v gii hn di bi z=(x,y) th:
( x, y )

f ( x, y,z)dxdydz dxdy
D

( x, y )
f ( x, y, z )dz

- Mt s lu tm hnh chiu:
+ Khi vt th ch gii hn bi 2 mt th ta tm hnh chiu ca n xung mt z=0 bng
cch kh z t hai phng trnh mt.

VD: z x 2 y 2 v z 2 x 2 y 2 ta s c x2 y 2 2 x2 y 2 x2 y 2 1

+ i vi cc vt th c gii hn nhiu hn 2 mt th ta chn da vo cc phng

trnh khng cha z tm D.
VD: z x2 y 2 , y x 2 , y 1 , z=0 ta s chn cc mt y x 2 , y=1 ly min D

+Nu cc mt khng to min D ng th ta tm giao tuyn ca cc mt cn li

vi mt z=0 tm min D. Cn nu cc mt to min D ng th giao tuyn ca
cc mt cn li s gip cho ta quyt nh (x,y) v (x,y) ci no cn trn ci no
cn di.
- i bin sang ta tr:

x sin cos

y sin sin ; J sin f ( x, y,z)dxdydz d d sin fd

2 2

z cos

Ta cu m rng: J ab 2 sin vi a,b l h s ca x,y trong phng trnh elip.

- ng dng hnh hc: Tnh th tch cho f=1

2. Tch phn ng loi 1
- Cch tnh tham s ha ng cong: Cung AB c x=x(t), y=y(t), vi t1tt2:

AB
f ( x, y )dl f ( x(t ), y (t )) xt' 2 yt' 2 dt

Tng t cho khng gian 3 chiu x, y, z.

 x xA y yA x xA ( xA xB )t
Lu : Cch tm ng thng i qua 2 im A, B: ;
x A xB y A yB y y A (y A yB )t

- ng dng: tnh di ng thng

3. Tch phn ng loi 2
Cch tnh:
- Cch 1: Dng nh ngha:
Nu cung AB c tham s: x=x(t), y=y(t) i t A(x(t1), y(t1)) n B(x(t2), y(t2)) th:
t2

AB
Pdx Qdy P( x(t ), y (t )) x ' (t ) Q( x(t ), y (t )) x ' (t ) dt
t

Lu : Khng ghi t1tt2 ch c ghi t i t t1 n t2

- Cch 2: Dng cng thc Green:
Cho D l min ng v b chn trong mp Oxy vi bin C trn tng khc

Pdx Qdy (Q Py' )dxdy

'
x
C D

Lu : Du + hng C l ng cong kn hng dng

Nu C khng kn th ta phi b thm. Nu min C c im khng tnh c th ta
b im i (Xem trong bi ging bit chi tit)
- Cch 3: Tch phn khng ph thuc ng i:
Nu Qx=Py, tn ti U(x,y) sao cho dU=Pdx+Qdy
C 2 cch tnh:
+ Chn ng khc t A n B sao cho song song vi cc trc ta
U x' P
+Gii h: ' tm U ging nh trong pt vi phn ton phn (gii tch 1)
U y Q

Pdx Qdy dU U (B) U ( A)

AB

Lu :
Ta nn s dng cc cch trn theo u tin sau y:
Nu hm P, Q n gin: Khng ph thuc ng i, tnh theo nh ngha, Green.
Nu hm P, Q phc tp: Khng ph thuc ng i, Green, tnh theo nh ngha.

4. Tch phn mt loi 1:

Cch tnh:
B1: Tm hnh chiu mt S xung mt trong cc mt phng Oxy (Dxy), Oyz (Dyz), Oxz
(Dxz). y ta gi s chiu xung mt Oxy
B2: T phng trnh mt phng F(x, y, z)=0 ta rt z theo x, y

Tnh dS 1 zx' 2 z 'y 2 dxdy

Ta s c: I f ( x, y, z ( x, y ))dS f ( x, y, z ( x, y )) 1 z x' 2 z 'y 2 dxdy

Dxy Dxy

5. Tch phn mt loi 2:

- Vecto gradient:
F
F(M)=(Fx(M), Fy(M),Fz(M)) n
F

- Cch xc nh vecto n v ca mt S vi phng trnh mt S l F(x, y, z)=0

B1: F=(Fx, Fy,Fz)
B2: Xc nh mt trong 3 gc , , (gc hp bi vecto php tuyn vi trc Ox, Oy, Oz)
l nhn hay t suy ra mt trong 3 ta ca php vecto l dng hay m v so snh
F
vi du ta tng ng ca n = (cos, cos, cos)
F

B3: Xc nh du ca php vecto n v

- Cch tnh tch phn mt loi 2:
+ Cch 1: Chuyn v tch phn mt loi 1:
F
Tm php vecto n ca mt S: n = (cos, cos, cos)
F

Thay vo cng thc sau:

Pdydz Qdzdx Rdxdy (P cos Qcos R cos )dS

S S
+ Cch 2: Tnh tng phn ca tch phn mt loi 2:

I1 P( x, y, z )dydz P cos dS theo 4 bc:

S S

B1: xc nh gc nhn hay t bit c cos dng hay m

B2: V cn tnh theo dydz nn ta tm hnh chiu S xung mt phng Oyz l Dyz
B3: Vit phng trnh mt S: F(x,y,z)=0 x=x(y,z) thay vo hm P
B4: a tch phn trn thnh tch phn kp:

I1 P( x, y, z )dydz P( x( y, z ), y,z )dydz

S Dyz

Trong tch phn kp ly du dng hay m nu cos dng hay m

Nu S song song vi trc Ox th =/2 nn cos=0 vy khi I1=0
Tng t cho cc tch phn I2, I3
+ Cch 3: Cng thc Gauss-Ostrogratxki:
Cho min V ng v b chn trong khng gian c bin l mt S trn tng khc:

Pdydz Qdzdx Rdxdy ( P Q Rz' )dV

' '
x y
S V

Trong tch phn bi ba ly du + nu S l bin ngoi V v ly du - nu S l

bin pha trong V.
- Cng thc Stockes:

( Pdx Qdy Rdz) (Q Py' )dxdy (Pz' Rx' )dzdx (R 'y Qz' )dydz
'
x
C S

Vi S l mt c bin l ng cong C trn tng khc

Trong hng ca S c ly sao cho khi ng trn mt S theo pha s chn v i
dc ng cong C theo hng cho th ta thy mt S bn tay tri.
Lu : Mt s kinh nghim xc nh hng ca mt S trong qu trnh tnh theo CT
Stockes:

Ngc chiu KH nhn t trc z dng th c cos 0
2

Ngc chiu KH nhn t pha trc y m th c cos 0
2

Cng chiu KH nhn t pha trc x dng th c cos 0
2

Cc kinh nghim ny ch ng trong mt s trng hp nn khuyn khch s dng

cch xc nh nh trong bi ging thy c nu.

S MI LIN H GIA CC TCH PHN

------------------------Ht------------------------
Chc cc bn th tt!