DESIGN OF COLUMN (ROLLED)

ROLLED SECTIONS

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SECTION SUBJECTED TO BENDING MOMENT AND
COMPRESSION FORCE

COLUMN CROSS SECTIONS:-

1- Rolled Sections :-

Suitable in columns subjected to Suitable in columns subjected to

in plane bending moment only. in plane bending moment
(Minplane) and out of plane
bending moment (Mout of plane)
Lb out < 7 m Lb out > 7 m

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Moment directions and axis orientation

X M y = Mout

y y y
X X
M x = Min X

X X

Suitable in columns subjected to Suitable in columns subjected to

in plane bending moment only. in plane bending moment
(Minplane) and out of plane
bending moment (Mout of plane)
Lb out < 7 m Lb out > 7 m

Combined Columns:-

Two Channels

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Two IPE

Four angles

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 Design of Rolled Section columns

1- Suggest suitable bracing system for column,

2- Determine Straining actions (Mx , N, Q), My .
3- Determine the buckling length in-plane and out of plane.
4- Choice of Section:-
In Case of Mx and N Assume allowable bending stress (0.8 1.2
t/cm2 )
M ( cm.ton )
S x then choose section from tables IPE
x ( 0.8 1.20 )
In Case of( Mx, My and N ) Assume allowable bending stress (0.5
0.7 t/cm2 )
M ( cm.ton )
S x then choose section from tables HEB
x ( 0.5 0.7 )

5- Check Section class ( compact, non-compact,.)

6- Calculate the allowable compressive stress using the following formulas:-
L L
in bin <180 out biout <180
r r
in out

St 37 St 44 St 52
FOR <100 Fc=1.40 -6.5 X 10-5 2 Fc=1.60 -8.5 X 10-5 2 Fc=2.1 -13.5 X 10-5 2

FOR 100 all grades of steel

7500 kL
F 2
=
c
r

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Interaction Equation:-
f f f
bcy
ca
bcx
A A 1.0 Case AOR 1.20 case B
F F 1 F 2
c bcx bcy

f
If ca
0.15 A A 1.0
F 1 2
c

C C
my
A mx
1 1 A
1 f f 2
1 ca 1 ca
F F
EX Ey

A and A are magnification factors due to P effect

1 2

7500 7500
F 2
F
EX
x Ey
y2

For Compression Side

fca : Actual compressive stress due to axial force fca =N/A

fc = the allowable compressive stress from step (6)

For Bending Side

fbcx = the actual compressive bending stress, X axis fbcx =Mx /Sx
fbcy = the actual compressive bending stress, Y axis fbcy =My /Sy
Fbcx = the allowable compressive bending stress, X axis
(using lateral torsional buckling)

Fbcy = the allowable compressive bending stress, Y axis

(Fbcy=0.72 Fy copact section, Fbcy=0.58 Fy non-compact section )

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 Cm (Moment modification factor)

Frames Permitted to sway Frames prevented from sway

Cm = 0.85

With transverse lateral loading Without transverse lateral

between supports loading between supports

Simply Moment Cm = 0.6-0.4(M1/M2) >0.4

supported restrained at
ends ends
M2 > M1
(+)
Cm = 1.0 Cm = 0.85

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1- Position of horizontal members (struts) in vertical bracing:-

1. Level of upper and lower chord of truss,

2. Level of rafter in portal frames,

3. Level of crane girder to avoid bracing force effect on columns,

4. Level of mezzanine floor

5. Level of any beam connected to column,

6. Column height > 6 m

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5- Check of section class (compactness):-

Flange:-

Rolled section Built up section

Compact C/tf < 16.9/Fy C/tf < 15.3/Fy

Non-compact C/tf < 23/Fy C/tf < 21/Fy

Web:-

Web is under compression force only or

Web is under compression force and bending moment

If normal force is greater than web capacity, so web is under compression

stresses only.

Ncol < (dw * tw)* Fy (small N)

Web is subjected to M and N

Neutral axis is in the web

Ncol > (dw * tw)* Fy (big N)

Web is subjected N only

Neutral axis is in the flange

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A) Neutral axis is in the web Ncol < (dw * tw)* Fy

Fy
1 N
1
2 d w t w Fy

-

dw

dw

h
Plastic neutral Axis
d 699 / Fy
> 0.50 w
t w 13 - 1 +
Web is compact
dw 63.6/ Fy
0.50
tw Fy

Flange:-
C 16.9
compact Flange
tf Fy

Case of non-compact section

Web
Fy
-N/A+M X / SX

-N/A-M X / SX
dw

d w 190 / Fy
-1 use
tw 2
Fy
d 95 1
-1 use w Stress Distribution (Elastic Stress)
tw 2

Flange

C 23
Flange is non-compact
tf Fy

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B) Neutral axis is in the flange Ncol > (dw * tw)* Fy

dw 58
Compact
tw Fy
dw 64
non - Compact
tw Fy

Cb calculation:-
Cb =1.75 + 1.05 +0.3 2 2.30
M1 smaller moment
=
M 2 bigger moment

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Laterally Unbraced length for compression flange :- Lu act

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NOTES TO REDUCE (Lu act)

Lu act = (1/2) h1< Lu (max)

Fbcx=1.40 t/cm2

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There are no side girts (Cantiliver sheds)

Knee bracing is not allowed

Then add horizontal member in vertical bracing.

Lu act = (1/2) h1< Lu (max)

A1 and A2 (magnification factors)

C C
my
A mx
1 A 1
1 f f
2
1 ca 1 ca
F F
EX Ey

A and A are magnification factors due to P effect

1 2

7500 7500
F 2
F
EX
x Ey
y2
whatever value of and ( >100)
x y

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Cmx and Cmy (modification factors)

Frames permitted to sway

Cmx = 0.85

Frames prevented from sway

Cmx = 0.85 Fixed end

Cmx = 1 hinged end

Frames prevented from sway and without transverse load.

Cm = 0.6- 0.4(M1/M2) >0.4

M1 smaller moment
=
M 2 bigger moment

EXAMPLES FOR CALCULATING (, Cb, Cmx)

1) Truss with hinged base

permitted to sway

= zero

Cb = 1.75

Cmx = 0.85

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2) Truss with fixed base

= 0.5

Cb = 1.75+1.05 +0.3 2

Cmx = 0.85

permitted to sway

3) Fink truss

= zero

Cb = 1.75

Cmx = 0.85

permitted to sway

4) Cantilever truss

= -1

Cb = 1.0

Cmx = 0.85

permitted

to sway

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5) Combined and Roof columns

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 EXAMPLE (1)

For the shown industrial building it is required to design the column as rolled
section using steel 37

2m

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 EXAMPLE 2

Suggest suitable bracing system for the car shed shown in figure, THEN
design suitable rolled section for the column,

M = 12.8 mt, N = 7 t

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Now column has two segments

Fbcx= 1.4 t/ cm2

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