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What is Active Directory?

Active Directory is a centralized database which it contains information about objects


like Users, Groups, Printers, OU’s, Contacts and Shared folders.

Features of Active Directory?


Fully Integrated Security, Integration with DNS, Policy based administration,
Scalable, Flexible with other AD Services.

What is Structure of AD?


Logical and Physical

Components of Active Directory?


Logical Structure: Domains, Trees, Forests and OU’s.
Physical Structure: Domain Controller and Sites.

What is the protocol used by AD for Directory Access?


LDAP (Light-weight Directory Access Protocol).

What are the consoles in Active Directory?


Active Directory User and Computers
Active Directory Domains and Trusts
Active Directory Sites and Services
Group Policy Management

What is workgroup?
A collection of computers connected together without a server (only clients).

What is Domain?
Domain is a collection of computers connected together with a server and users.

What is a Tree?
Tree is a logical component of AD. It is a collection of domains which share
contiguous name space.

What is Forest?
A Forest is a collection of trees which don’t share contiguous name space.

What is a Site?
Site is a physical component of AD. Group of TCP/IP subnets connected with a
high-Speed WAN link.

What is Domain Controller?


Server with Active Directory installed.

What is Member Server?


2000 of 2008 server which is part of the domain.
What is Additional Domain Controller (ADC)?
It’s a backup server for DC.

What is a role of ADC?


It maintains backup of AD to provide fault tolerance and network load balancing.

What is a child DC?


Is a sub domain controller under root domain controller which share name space.

What are different functional levels of 2008?


Domain Functional Level and Forest Functional Level.

What is Standalone Server?


Server, which is not part of the domain.

What is an Object?
It is a representation of an entity.

What are the different objects in AD?


Users, Groups, Computers, Printers, OU’s, Contacts and Shared folders.

What is Schema?
Set of rules: Schema is design of AD, defines objects and classes.

What is an attribute?
Attribute is a piece of information about objects (properties of objects).

What is a Class?
Class is a collection of AD objects.

What is an FSMO?
It stands for Flexible Single Master Operations.

What are the different operations Master of 2003 and 2008?


Schema Master, Domain Naming Master, PDC Emulator, Infrastructure Master,
RID Master.

What is Schema Master?


Is responsible for over all management, structure and design of schema. Only one
schema master in entire forest.

What is Domain Naming Master?


Is responsible for addition (or) removal of domains and maintaining unique
domain names. Only one DN master in entire forest.
What is a PDC Emulator?
Is responsible for providing backward compatability for NT BDC’s in mixed
mode. It updates the password changes synchronizes time between DC’s. Only one PDC
Emulator per domain.

What is Infrastructure Master?


It’s for updating user and group information and updating Global catalog.

What is RID Master?


Relative Identifier is responsible for assigning unique id’s to the objects created in
the AD.

What is File System?


File System provides the services like saving, deleting & copying of file and
folders in a systematic manner on the Hard Disk.

What are different File System supported by 2000 and 2003?


FAT- File Allocation Table, FAT32.
NTFS- New Technology File System
CDFS and UDFS.

What is a Trust?
Trust is the process of offering or accessing resources from one domain to another
domain.

What is Transitive Trust?


It is a Two – way Trust. Ex: If A trusts B, B automatically trusts A.

What is In/Non Transitive Trust?


It is one – way Trust. Ex: If A trusts B, B doesn’t trust A.

What is an Implicit Trust?


Trust between the Parent Domain and Grand-child Domain.

What is an Explicit Trust?


It is a manual trust established by administrator between two forest and domains.

What is a Profile?
Profile is combination of User Environment, Desktop Environment.

What are the different policies supported in 2k?


Account, Audit, Security and Group Policy.

What is Group Policy?


It is a combination of Permissions, Security and Rights which can be applied on
Sites, Domains and OU’s.
What is Subnetting?
Dividing the same network into smaller subnets.

What is Gateway?
Address of a Router.

What is Routing?
Process of providing communication between two different networks.

What is DNS?
Domain Naming System or Service used for resolving host names to IP’s and IP’s
to host names.

What is NBNS?
NetBIOS Naming System. Ex: WINS.

What is Forward Lookup?


Resolving Host names to IP Addresses.

What is Reverse Lookup?


Resolving IP Addresses to Host names.

What is a Host Record?


It’s a file contains host names to IP naming information.

What is Zone?
Zone is a sub tree of DNS Database.

What are srv records? – There are 6 srv records.


MSDCS: contains DC’s information.
TCP: contains GC, Kerberos and LDAP Information.
UDP: contains Kerberos information.
Sites: contains Sites information.
Domain DNS Zone: contains domains DNS specific information.
Forest DNS Zone: contains Forests specific information.

What is SOA?
It stands for Start of Authority: Useful when a zone starts, provides the zone
startup information.

What is DHCP?
Assigns IP’s to the clients requested dynamically or automatically.

Process of DHCP?
DORA is the process which plays in DHCP.
Discover: The client discovers DHCP.
Offer: The DHCP Server offers a group of IP’s to the clients to picking.
Request: The client selects an IP and request DHCP to confirm it.
Acknowledgement: DHCP Server makes a confirmation by sending a
DHCPACK to the client.

What is Virtual Directory?


Using virtual directory we can have child websites or links to parent websites.

What is default time for replication to take place between DC and ADC?
5 seconds and 3 seconds for immediate change.

What is Registry?
Registry is a configuration database about system, hardware and software.

What is Scope?
Range of IP Addresses.

What is an IP Lease?
DHCP Server offers an IP to the client for a period of 8 days. This offer is called
IP Lease.

If the client is unable to connect DHCP Server, what happens?


Obtains an IP from APAPI (Automating Private IP Addressing).

What are the IP ranges provided by APAPI?


169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255

What is IIS?
It is a web server from Microsoft.

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