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1. Topographic features
Description:
2. Existing structures:
a. Type of Structure
b. Foundations used
c. Foundation depth
d. Settlement records
e. Settlement cracks in the surrounding buildings, if any
f. Soil Exploration data
i. No. of bore holes and its depth
ii. Stratification of soil
iii. SBC and Factor of safety for the Net SBC
iv. Ground water table and quality of water
3. Enquiries regarding earlier use of soil on the site:
4. Enquiries regarding earlier use of site:
a. Functionality of building
b. Area of Building
c. Drainage system
d. Underground Working and its depth
5. Location of any underground sewer lines, water mains, and other utilities
a. Type and Depth of utility lines
6. Depth of water in nearby Water Streams or Water Courses, if any
7. Location of springs, if any
8. Immediate Surface Drainage Pattern
9. Location of Slides, slumps, and faults
10. Presence of vegetative cover or water seeping tree roots
11. Native soil type (useful for backfilling)
12. Agricultural land nearby (To know the presence of irrigational water underground)
13. Description of proposed structure:
a. Functionality of Structure
b. Seismic Zone
c. No. of Floors
d. No. of Basement and their depths below ground level-
e. Type of foundation
f. Gravity load of the building
i. Maximum load (< SBC)
ii. Minimum load
g. Building Service Life, years
SOIL EXPLORATION
1. Bore holes
a. Number (More number of blows per foot indicates dense or well-compacted soil
b. Depth (See table 2.1.1)
c. Spacing (See table 2.1.2)
d. Boring Refusal within the excavation limits
2. Ground water table
a. Water level
b. Quality of water
c. Fluctuation of water level
3. Stratification of soil
a. Depth of layers
b. Thickness of layers
c. Type of soil
d. Natural Moisture Content (Indicates the mass of water present in the soil mass)
i. Moisture Content < 5 % Soil is too dry and it needs pre- watering prior to
excavation
ii. Moisture Content > 15 % Soil is too wet and special care should be taken for
Clayey soils.
e. Liquid Limit (Indicates the water content at which the soil behaves practically like a liquid)
f. Plastic Limit (Indicates the water content below which the soil stops behaving as plastic)
g. Shrinkage Limit (Indicated the water content below which the volume of the soil does not
decrease)
h. Bulk Density and Dry Density (High value of Dry Density indicates that the soil is in
compact condition)
i. Void ratio/Porosity (More Compaction of soil is needed for High Void ratio/porosity)
j. Swelling occurrence (See Table 2.3.1) (if yes, then suggest the alternative)
k. Collapsible while excavating (if yes, then suggest the alternative)
i. Soil Active Pressure (See table 2.3.2)
ii. Soil Passive Pressure
l. Corrosive action of soils
m. Possibility of Liquefaction during Seismic forces or vibrations
n. Hazardous wastes presence
4. Soil bearing Capacity
a. SBC/SPB under Footing (See table 2.4.1) (Ref. IS 6403 or IS 1888)
b. Factor of safety for the Net SBC
c. Recommended type of footing
d. Need of specific grade of concrete
h. Recommended Foundation depth from existing GL
i. Recommended Load on Footing
j. Inclined Loading Considered?
k. Dynamic loading considered?
5. Settlement
a. Loading considered for settlement analysis (See table 2.5.1)
b. Allowable foundation settlement (See table 2.5.2)
c. Expected Foundation Settlement and time
d. Expected Differential Settlement
e. Cohesive soils
i. Elastic Settlement of Cohesive soils
ii. Consolidation Settlement for clayey soils
iii. Improvement of cohesive soils
f. Cohesionless soils
i. Immediate Settlement of Cohesion less soils
ii. Settlement from N values
(Refer Fig 9, IS: 8009 (Part 1) 1976)
iii. Improvement of Cohesionless Soils
6. Standard Penetration test
a. Depth
b. No. of blows for 300 mm penetration (See table 2.6.1)
c. Corrected N Value for overburden and dilatancy
d. Angle of Shearing Resistance ( ) (See table 2.6.2)
e. Unconfined Compressive Strength (qu) (See table 2.6.3)
f. Seismic Zone and foundation depth (See Table 2.6.4)
g. Net Ultimate Bearing Capacity from SPT
i. For Strip Footing
1
= [3 2 + 5(100 + 2 ) ]
6.0
Wg = 0.5 + 0.5 b/Bf <= 1, where b = distance between ground water level and base of
footing when water level is below the base of footing
References:
1. http://www.pdhonline.com/courses/g106/g106.htm
3. Bhumi Research Center, Civil Engineering Testing and Consultancy Services, Sub-Soil Investigation
Report