risk dominance

game theory

200420

2007

Rooij
Sevenster2006Sally2003
2008




signaling gamepartial
information gameevolutionary game
Lewis1969

Hintikka1973

Crawford Sobel1982
Parikh1987
1991200020012006Lewis1969

partial information

Sally
2003 111
XIANDAI YUWEN
M
odern chinese

2014.03










FP
FP


AFP
BFP
BA

B


P1
P2

P1P2A10
10-10
-1010
8102
-15
-10
A
P0A
0
3BFP

P0B
P0B
-2-51

1

1FP
112
XIANDAI YUWEN

80%s20% s1
M odern chinese

2014.03

1
s0.8 s0.2
P0 P1 P2 P0 P1 P2
0 3 10 10 -10-10 0 3 -10-10 10 10
-2 -5 8 10 -10 -15 -2 -5 -10 -15 8 10

A0.8
0.2P1

100.8+-100.2=6 100.8+-100.2=6
P2
-100.8+100.2=-6 -100.8+ 100.2=-6
P1P2
BP1
100.8+-150.2=5 80.8+-100.2=4.4
P2
-150.8+100.2=-10 -100.8+80.2=-6.4
P1P2
P0AP0B2
2
P0 P1 P2
0 3 6 6 -6 -6 P1
-2-5 4.4 5 -6.4 -10 P1
2
FP
P1

negative exponential utility function

2
UPi=0.8UPis+0.2UPisi = 0
1 2 113
XIANDAI YUWEN

ss=0.23
M
odern chinese

2014.03

3=0.2
P0 P1 P2
-1 -0.55 -1.6 -1.6 -5.9 -5.9 P0
-1.5-2.7 -1.6 -4.1 -6 -16 P0

3

P1
P0
=0.1
4=0.1
P0 P1 P2
-1 -0.74 -0.84 -0.84 -2.2 -2.2 P0
-1.2-1.6 -0.90 -1.2 -2.3 -3.7 P1
4=0.2=0.1

1.


2.




Uw=expw
3

3
5=0.1
P0 P1 P2
1 1.8 5.9 5.9 1.6 1.6 P1
0.67
4.0 5.9 1.1 1.5 P1
0.37
5

P1



2345
2
P1
6>4.4
=0.2

-1>-1.5
114 =0.1
XIANDAI YUWEN
M odern chinese

2014.03


P0
P1




5.9>4.0

[1].[M].
2004.
[2]H.[M].
.2005.
[3].[M]..
2000.
[4].[J].2008
2102104.
[5].[J].20072
2328.
[6].[M].2006.
2006 [7]CrawfordV.P. and Sobel.J.Strategic information
transmission[J].Econometrica 19826:14311451.
[8]HintikkaJ.Logiclanguage-game and information[M].
Oxford:Oxford University Press1973.
[9]LewisD.Convention[M].Cambridge:Harvard University
Press1969.
[10]ParikhP.Communication and strategic inference[J].
Linguistics and Philosophy199114: 473513.
[11]ParikhP.Communicationmeaning and interpretation
[J].Linguistics and Philosophy200023:185212.
[12]ParikhP.The Use of Language[M].California:CSLI
Publications2001.
[13]ParikhP.Pragmatics and Games of Partial
1. Information[A].In A.BenzG Jger&R Van Rooij
eds..Game theory and pragmatics[C].Basingstoke:
Palgrave Macmillan2006.
[14]SallyD.Risky speech: behavioral game theory and
pragmatics[J].Journal of Pragmatics200335:
2. 12231245.
[15]Van RooijR.&Sevenster.M.Different faces of risky
speech in Game theory and pragmatics[C].In A.Benz
G Jger&R Van Rooijeds..Game theory and
pragmatics[C].Basingstoke:Palgrave Macmillan2006.

115
XIANDAI YUWEN

3. 200092
M
odern chinese

2014.03