MLR Institute of Technology

Department of Aeronautical Engineering

OBJECTIVE BITS

Course Name : Avionics and instruments

Course Code : 58089

Class : IV B.Tech II
Branch : Aeronautical

Year : 2014-2015

Course Faculty : Mr. Avinash Pachori, Mr. S Ravikanth and Miss B Alka

OBJECTIVES:

To meet the challenge of ensuring excellence in engineering education, the issue of quality needs to be
addressed, debated and taken forward in a systematic manner. Accreditation is the principal means of
quality assurance in higher education. The major emphasis of accreditation process is to measure the
outcomes of the program that is being accredited.

In line with this, Faculty of Aeronautical Engineering, MLRIT Hyderabad has taken a lead in
incorporating philosophy of outcome based education in the process of problem solving and career
development. So, all students of the institute should understand the depth and approach of course to be
taught through this question bank, which will enhance learners learning process

UNIT-I

Fill In The Blank

1 The first aircraft to be developed in the United States using digital techniques.
2 Transistors followed in the late 1950s and 1960s and supplanted thermionic valves.
3 During World War II a code-breaking machine called Colossus employed thermionic
valves on a large scale.
4 Hybrid chips and Input/ Output (I/O) Application-Specific Integrated Circuits
(ASICs) are key technologies associated with interfacing to the analogue world.
5 Digital processor devices became available in the early 1970s as 4 bit devices.
6 Read Only Memory (ROM) represents the memory used to host the application
software for a particular function.
7 Random Access Memory (RAM) is read write memory that is used as program
working memory storing variable data.
8 Digital Data Bus Termed Digital Autonomous Terminal Access Communication
(DATAC) which later became an ARINC standard as A629.
9 Data links comprise only two or four twisted wires.
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Department of Aeronautical Engineering

10 Avionics Standard Communications Bus (ASCB), available in several forms and

based upon Ethernet protocols.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. RAM random access memory is

(a) Permanent in nature (b) Can be read and write

(c) Can be re-programmed (d) volatile flash memory

2. Device which used to transfer the data from source to sink terminal is

(a) Processor (b) Memory Devices

(c) LRU (d) data Bus System

` 3. Digital data bus termed Digital Autonomous Terminal Access Communication

(DATAC) which later became

(a) an ARINC 629 (b) an ARINC 429

(c) a MIL 1553B (d) LRU

4. What is the maximum terminal capacity for ARINC 629-

(a) 28 terminals (b) 32 terminals

(c) 128 terminals (d) 16 terminals

5. transfer of the data by fibre optics is in-

(a) one direction (b) bi-direction

(c) Multi-directional (d) None

UNIT-II

Fill In The Blank

1. The Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum from 10 kHz up to 10 GHz.

2. High Frequency covers the communications band between 3 and 30 MHz.
3. VHF band for aeronautical applications operates in the frequency range
118.000.135.975 MHz.
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Department of Aeronautical Engineering

4. Satellite communications provide a more reliable method of communications using the

International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT) .
5. TCAS is based on the beacon interrogator and operates in a similar fashion to the ground-
based SSR.
6. Automatic Direction Finding (ADF) involves the use of a loop direction finding
technique to establish the bearing to a radiating source.
7. VHF beacon or a Non-Directional Beacon (NDB) operating in the 200 to 1600 kHZ
band.
8. The system provides a widely used set of radio beacons operating in the VHF frequency
band over the range 108-117.95 MHz with 100 kHz spacing.
9. TACAN (TACtical Air Navigation) is military omnibearing and distance measuring
equipment that employs similar techniques for distance measurement to DME.
10. TACAN beacons operate in the frequency band 960 to1215 MHz.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Altimeter works on

(a) Differential pressure sensing (b) No air pressure sensing

(c) mono pressure sensing (d) radar sensing

2. Early flight deck instrument system consists of basic

(a) Four instruments (b) Eight instruments

(c) Six instruments (d) Five instruments

3. Attitude of aircraft is displayed in cabin by the instrument named

(a) ASI (b) ADI

(c) VSI (d) HSI

4. Artificial horizon (AH) is the

(a) magnetic sensor (b) inertial sensor

(c) air sensor (d) Radar sensor

5. Modular avionics Display system uses

(a) PFD (b) EICAS

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(c) ND (d) all of above

UNIT-III

Fill In The Blank

1. Derived data include barometric altitude (ALT), indicated airspeed (IAS), vertical speed
(VS), Mach (M).
2. The adoption of higher cruise altitudes has introduced a more severe environment for
equipment located outside the pressurized cabin.
3. All aircraft altimeters are set to a nominal Standard Altimeter Setting (SAS) of 29.92
inHg/1013.2 mbar.
4. IAS is the parameter proportional to pitot minus static or dynamic pressure.
5. Air data parameters of interest included the Airstream Direction Detector (ADD).
6. The location of a magnetic sensing device called a flux valve.
7. Accelerometers are devices that measure acceleration along a particular axis.
8. The platform was stabilized using rate information from the gyros to drive torque motors
which stabilized the platform in its original frame of axes.
9. The radar altimeter (rad alt) uses radar transmissions to reflect off the surface of the sea
or the ground immediately below the aircraft.
10.Doppler radar transmits energy in three or four beams skewed to the front and rear of the
aircraft.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. One nautical miles is equal to

(a) 1753 meters (b) 1852 meters

(c) 1733 meters (d) 1633 meters

2. The range of VHF band is

(a) 30 to 300 MHz (b) 300 to 3 GHz

(c) 3 GHz to 30 GHz (d) 30 GHz to 300 GHz

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3. ILS beacon and localisers are used in the frequency range of

(a) HF (b) VHF

(c) UHF (d) SHF

4. What is the modulated frequency in AM

(a) 1 KHz (b) 2 KHz

(c) 3 KHz (d) 4 KHz

5. For measuring the distance, the instruments is used

(a) DME (b) VOR

(c) Doppler Radar (d) All above

UNIT-IV

Fill In The Blank

1.Stand-alone GPS receivers, most likely to be used for GPS upgrades to an existing system.
2.One way of overcoming the problems of selective availability is to employ a technique called
Differential GPS (DGPS)
3.The local area DGPS system under development in the United States is called the Local Area
Augmentation System (LAAS).
4.Airways based on VOR from 120 ft above the surface to 18 000 ft Above Mean Sea Level
(AMSL) carry the V prefix and are called Victor Airways.
5.The combination of LNAV and VNAV provides a three-dimensional navigation capability.
6.Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) is the cause of many accidents.
7.Low-altitude en route VORs have service volumes out to a range of 40 nautical miles and are
used up to 18 000 ft on victor airways.
8.Class C includes equipment comprising GPS sensors which provide data to an autopilot or flight
director in order to reduced flight technical errors.
9.The Centre VOR mode shows 360 of the compass rose with the aircraft symbol and lateral
deviation bar in the centre.

10. Navigation sensors INS, GPS, VOR, ILS, ADF, TACAN, and other navigation aids.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. VOR/DME navigation aids are in the category of

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(a) Inertial navigation (b) Radar navigation

(c) Radio navigation (d) GPS system

2. The victor airways comprises the height of

(a) up to 120 ft (b) from 120 ft to 18000 ft

(c) from 18000 ft to 45000 ft (d) above 45000 ft

3. The system which is designed to avoid air to air collision syatem

(a) TCAS (b) GPWS

(c) EGPWS (d) GPS

4. In the GPWS/EGPWS system light green dot pattern for terrain is shown between

(a) 1000 and 2000 ft (b) 500 and 1000 ft

(c) 1000 ft above and 500 ft bellow (d) None of the above

5. GLONASS navigation system is developed by

(a) US Military aviation (b) Israel air force

(c) JAC (d) Soviet Union\

UNIT-V

Fill In The Blank

1 Pitch control is usually effected by four powered flight control actuators powering four
elevator sections.
2 Electrically signalled, electrically powered screw jack called an ElectroMagnetic
Actuator (EMA).
3 the actuation power is provided by the three-phase 400 Hz electrical power as opposed
arrangement is also called a power-by-wire system.
4 Communication with the four Actuator Control Electronics (ACE) units is by multiple
A629 flight control data.
5 The ACE units contain the digital-to-analogue and analogue-to-digital elements of the
system.
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6 The pitch portion of the control column is mechanically connected to position transducers
(2), elevator feel units/actuators (2), and force transducers (2) .
7 The three aircraft hydraulic systems [green (G), blue (B), and yellow (Y)].
8 The Air Data and Inertial Reference Unit (ADIRU), which provides the primary source of
air data, and inertial and attitude data.
9 The AFDCs can back-drive the mechanical assembly, as before, via two back-drive
actuators to ensure that autopilot and pilot demands are harmonized.
10 The collective spoiler control for speed brake and ground spoiler.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The rotation of aircraft about Z axis leads to the

(a) pitching (b) rolling

(c) yawing (d) Landing

2. The movements of control surfaces are actuated by

(a) ACEs (b) PFCs

(b) ADFCs (d) AIMS

3. The actuator control electronics in Boeing 777 are

(a) ACE left1, left2, centre and right (b) ACE left, centre1, centre2 and right1

(c) ACE left1,left2 and centre (d) ACE left, centre and right

4. In the Boeing FBW system the PFCs are interface with

(a) one A629 (b) two A429

three A629 (d) four A629

5. In the Boeing 777 PFCs overviews total number of couplers are used

(a) 86 (b) 76

(c) 78 (d) 88

UNIT-VI

Fill In The Blank

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1. The emergence of data links as means of communications versus conventional voice

communications.

2. Data link communications are being designed to provide more efficient communications
for ATC and Flight Information Services (FIS).

3. SATCOM is a well-proven data link that, as has already been explained, is limited at very
high latitudes in excess of about 82.

4. HF data link provides primary coverage out to 2700 nautical miles.

5. RNAV navigation systems allow the aircraft to operate within any desired course within
the coverage of station-referenced signals (VOR, DME).

6. The Actual Navigation Performance (ANP) of the aircraft navigation system is

represented by a circle.

7. In RVSM, aircraft have operated with a 2000 ft vertical separation at flight levels
between FL290 and FL410.

8. RVSM operation requires the aircraft to possess two independent means of measuring
altitude and an autopilot with an accurate height hold capability.

9. The use of the ATC mode S transponder in providing digital air to ground and air to air
data links.

10. ADS-B will be used to transmit four-dimensional position and flight plan intent based
upon GPS position using line-of-sight VHF communications.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Convention VHF voice channels are spaced at intervals of

(a) 15 KHz (b) 20 KHz

(c) 25 KHz (d) 30 KHz

2. The accuracy defined in RNP performance for terminal route is

(a) +/- 2 nautical miles (b) +/- 12 nautical miles

(c) +/-1 nautical miles (d) +/- 0.3 nautical miles

3. Pre-RNP approach/enroute width ranges was from

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(a) 60 to 100 nm (b) 20 to 80 nm

(c) 10 to 60 nm (d) 50 to 100 nm

4. For the precision approach developed for terrain is

(a) RNP +/- 0.03 nm (b) RNP+/- 0.15 nm

(c) RNP+/- 1 nm (d) RNP +/- 4 nm

5. VDL mode1 compatible with existing ACRS transmitting at

(a) 2.4 Kb/s (b) 31.5 Kb/s

(c) 100 Kb/s (d) 50 Kb/s

UNIT-VII

Fill In The Blank

1. The long-range maritime patrol aircraft may spend many hours on patrol over open
ocean, up to 1000 miles from base.

2. The radar altimeter (or rad alt, also known as radio altimeter) may be used provide
warning of deviation from a set height or to assist in the maintenance of height at very
low levels.

3. Landing aids may be employed using a MultiMode Receiver (MMR) to allow the use of a
microwave landing system or differential GPS in addition to the usual Instrument
Landing System (ILS).

4. Ground Proximity Warning Systems (GPWSs) and Enhanced GPWSs or Terrain

Avoidance Warning Systems (TAWSs) will be used over foreign terrain and may be
connected to a military digital map to improve accuracy and confidence in the system.

5. The aircraft must have a set of communications to fly in controlled airspace . VHF and
HF are part of the commercial aircraft fit, and both are essential for military use.
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6. Communications systems may need to include military IFF with its own cryptos as well
as HF or satellite communication.

7. Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA) are used for a number of purposes by nations with
extensive coastlines.

The Electronic Support Measures (ESM) system is able to intercept, locate, record, and
analyse radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of gaining tactical advantage

8. The Magnetic Anomaly Detector (MAD) is used to detect large metallic objects in water,
such as a submarine.

9 The MPA is equipped as a hunter-killer and carries weapons to enable it to attack destroy
surface and subsurface vessels.

10 Acoustic sonography is used to detect the presence of Submarine vessels.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The long range maritime patrol aircraft may spend many hours on patrol over ocean up to

(a) 500 miles from base (b) 1000 miles from base

(c) 2000 miles from base (d) 5000 miles from base

2. Air to air refueling system is used to increased the

(a) weight carrying capacity (b) endurance and range of aircraft

(c) short run during take-off (d) height of aircraft

3. In electronics warfare technique are used

(a) ECM (b) ESM

(c) SIGINT & ECCM (d) all of the above

4. Mission crew member are briefed about

(a) Mission (b) about the aircraft

(c) base operating condition (d) mission and safe returning

5. Electronic warfare is use to

(a) jamming the transmission of enemy (b) intercept the enemy

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(c) tracking the enemy (d) capter the electronic assets

UNIT-VIII

Fill In The Blank

1. CAS is the computed airspeed with further corrections applied for non-linear/square law
effects of the airspeed sensing module.

2. The advent of digital computing and digital data buses such as ARINC 429.

3. The small bore pneumatic sensing lines associated with routing the sensed pitot or static
pressure throughout the aircraft posed significant engineering and maintenance penalties.

4. The axis of the Earths magnetic field may be considered to be analogous to a simple bar
magnet.

5. The Earth.s field lines enter the earth at a considerable angle to the local horizontal plane,
and this angle is called the magnetic angle of inclination (magnetic dip).

6. The magnetic sensor or flux valve described earlier will provide magnetic heading and
when combined with a Directional Gyro (DG).

7. The Collins AHS-3000A is a smaller, lighter, and more reliable Attitude Heading
Reference System (AHRS).

8. Accelerometers are devices that measure acceleration along a particular axis.

9. The radar altimeter (rad alt) uses radar transmissions to reflect off the surface of the sea
or the ground immediately below the aircraft.

10. The radar beam is scanned either side of the aircraft centre-line to give a radar picture of
objects ahead of the aircraft.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the RADAR types of waves are used

(a) infra-red (b) optical waves

(c) ultrasound waves (d) radio waves

2. Most widely used radar for detecting the object is used

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(a) simple pulse radar (b) MTI radar

(c) AMTI radar (d) Pulse Doppler radar

3. The main function of duplexer is to

(a) Segregate the Rxr and Txr signal (b) mix the both signals

(c) Stop the Rxr signal during transmitting mode(d) synchronising

4. The position of stars are tracked by

(a) Magneto meter (b) sun sensors

(c) horizon sensor (d) star trackers

5. Telemetry system includes

(a) tracking of satellite (b) guiding the satellite in orbit

(c) detect the latitude and longitude (d) all of above