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PA 584 Final Exam Intergovernmental Management Keller (TCO A) Explain briefly why a

governmental agency may have many different stakeholders. (Points : 15) The reason why a

governmental agency may have different stakeholders is due to the different businesses projects

and their beliefs. Some local citizens (TCO A) Explain briefly how the election cycle can

lead to challenges for strategic planning for a governmental agency. (Points : 15) The election

cycle is composed of at least three parts, namely, pre-electoral period, electoral period, and post-

electoral period. During the first (TCO B) Explain the basics of the theory of dual federalism

and the importance of the Supreme Court case of McCulloch v. Maryland to that theory. (Points :

15) Dual federalism is a political theory where two governments share sovereign power over a

particular group of people or over a certain (TCO B) Explain the basics of new federalism.

Please also mention at least two presidents who have used that phrase for their programs.

(Points : 15) Back in the 18th century, the power and authority of the central government were

focused more on the issues of national level only, including performing tasks that citizens

could (TCO C) The 50 states within the United States of America have come about in a

variety of ways. Please briefly explain at least two of the ways that states have been formed

and/or admitted to the union. (Points : 15) The two ways that that we have discussed in our

lectures and other readings, I have found that the Constitution had provisions for two types of

government (TCO C) Home rule may be available to some local governments. What is
meant by this term home rule? (Points : 15) Home rule pertains to the right of a city, locality,

or county within a state to self-regulate, create laws, and pass laws that the locality thinks would

benefit (TCO D) The ability to generate specific types of taxes varies from one level of

government to the next. Rank the abilities of the three: local, state, and federal government.

Explain at least one way that the respective abilities of the three levels of government to raise tax

impact them from an intergovernmental perspective. (Points : 15) There are specific types of

taxes that vary from one level of government to the next. The fiscal relationship among the three

government bodies, the federal government has the (TCO E) Why was the Department of

Homeland Security formed? Do you feel that this has helped from a strategic planning

perspective? (Points : 15) The Department of Homeland Security was formed in 2002 after

Federal (TCO F) Explain briefly why requiring financial disclosure of certain governmental

officials may help prevent ethical issues from arising. (Points : 15) The reason why it is

important to require financial disclosures of certain governmental officials is because it prevents

illegal activities due to thief. State Ethics Commission refers to a (TCO F) Why is having a

code of ethics a good idea for a governmental entity? (Points : 15) Code of ethics pertains to

rules and regulations, including principles and guidelines, which organizations enforce onto its

employees regardless of (TCO G) The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (the

GASB) has conceptually addressed the idea of performance reporting. The concept sets forth

the idea of measuring service efforts and accomplishments (SEA for short). Service

accomplishments can be viewed as the output measures or as outcome measures. Explain briefly

the difference between output measures and outcome measures. (Points : 15) The measures of

service efforts and accomplishments are more important to government and non-profit

organizations than for-profit businesses because (TCO A) Suppose that you have just been
hired as a midlevel manager in your states highway department and placed in charge of strategic

planning for the department. As you are starting to think about the strategic plan that the

department will be developing, you are already considering the implementation phase. In broad

general terms, list and briefly discuss three implementation steps. (Points : 25) Strategic

planning is a good method that helps organizations plan, strategic, recognize sources of

opportunities, and identify possible risks the organization might face, it may (TCO B) Three

distinct structures of national government are unitary, confederate, and federal. Compare and

contrast a unitary government with a federal government with a focus on at least two weaknesses

of each of these two forms of national government. (Points : 25) According to our lecture and

resources, the difference between unitary government and federal government is that the unitary

system holds much of the power. The lower-level government just implements the policies of

the . (TCO C) Special districts are an important component of the governmental structure in

the United States. Please address the creation, existence, and use of such districts. Some aspects

that you should consider are as follows. What is a special district? Why might one be formed?

Please feel free to use a brief example of a type of service and/or district that might be formed as

part of your answer. (Points : 25) A special district are division of local government that are

established by residents of the area who provide services not provided by the county or city. An

example used in our lecture notes are school districts. Special districts can provide services

when (TCO D) Three models of the relationships between the national, state, and local

governments are: Coordinate-Authority, Inclusive-Authority, and Overlapping-Authority.

Describe the Coordinate-Authority model and the Inclusive-Authority model, including a

discussion of the respective views on the levels of dependence between the layers. (Points : 25)

According to our lecture notes, Coordinate-authority is the independent relationship between the
state and local government. Local units are dependent on the state (TCO E) Oftentimes, all

three levels of government may be involved in responding to a natural disaster. One key idea in

this area is that the immediate needs must generally be by the local governments first

responders. Explain why this is the case. Further explain the role of the federal government in

these matters.(Points : 25) The reason why local government officials are the first responders is

because police and fire department personnel are responsible for local operations. The

Department of Homeland Security is to (TCO F) Ethical issues can easily arise in

governmental affairs and may be faced by anyone working as a public administrator. List and

discuss three ethical issues that may be faced by an elected official or an administrative

employee within a government or agency. (Points : 25) The three ethical issues that an elected

official might face are Letting of Contracts, Orders within the Bureaucracy, and Personal

Business or Investment Interests. I feel that an elected official is always being bribe or induce by

others so that (TCO G) In 1993, the Congress of the United States passed the Government

Performance and Results Act (GPRA). In 2010, the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010 made

substantial changes to that existing law. First, explain at least a couple of the reasons that an

update was needed. Second, describe at least two changes that the GPRA Modernization Act of

2010 made to that existing law. (Points : 25) Some of the changes that were discussed in our

lecture notes is that the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010 made was that leadership was required

in the public sector to address issues that pretended to.