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ENGLISH MATERIALS FOR

SEMESTER I

Class/Program : XII/ SCIENCE, SOCIAL, LANGUAGE

Year : 2013/2014

I. LISTENING
A. EXPRESSIONS
1. Asking and Giving Suggestion
2. Expressing Request
3. Giving Complaint
4. Expressing Possibility or Capability on Doing Something
5. Giving Instruction
6. Making Promise
7. Expressing view
8. Admitting a Fault
9. Blaming
10.Expressing Curiosity
11.Expressing Attitude
B. SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXTS (poster, pamphlet, banner, etc.)
C. MONOLOG TEXTS ( Narrative, Explanation, Discussion)
II. SPEAKING : See LISTENING
III. READING
A. SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXTS
B. NARRATIVE TEXTS
C. EXPLANATION TEXTS
D. DISCUSSION TEXTS
IV. WRITING : See READING

A.EXPRESSIONS

1. Asking and Giving Suggestion (pp. 163-164) SB p. 33


1.1. Listening Activity

A. Read the following dialogs


Dialog 1
Elang : Hey you look sick. Lets go to the sick bay.
Ms. Yuyun will give you a treatment.
Eka : No no Im really fine
Elang : O come on. You look pale. Dont let
something worse happen
Eka : You could be right. O.K. lets go there.
Dialog 2
Joy : Lets think what we will write for our final
assignment.
Eraz : What if we write about acid rain? I dont
think everyone knows about it.
Joy : Good idea. Any better ideas?
Gendhis : Dont take a difficult topic. Erazs idea is
hard to do. Why not writing about how
tsunami happens? I have a book on it.
Besides, it is a hot topic lately.
Joy : What do you think, Eraz?
Eraz : Its a good suggestion
Gendhis: O.K. Ill bring my book tomorrow. Joy and
Eraz, please find some more information on
the Internet or newspaper. And Ratna, please
bring your laptop.
Joy : Consider it done.
Ratna : I will. Dont worry.

B. Your teacher will ask you some questions about the


dialogs in Task A.
Listen to him/her carefully and answer the questions

C.Listen to the cassette and write down the expressions


you have heard!
1. Lets get inside
2. Dont be in a hurry
3. Youd better go early
4. Get your uncle a cup of tea, please
5. What if we take a rest now
6. Turn off the television and go to bed
7. Call 911 when you are in trouble
8. Perhaps you need to go on vacation
9. I think we should prepare ourselves now
10. How about asking Mr. Garin about this math
Problem

11. Study the following expressions


Giving a suggestion Responding
Wed better have a break for lunch now Its a good
Why dont you ask your friend about the suggestion
assignment? Thats a good
I think you should take a taxi to the seminar idea
Wed better make an English conversation You are right
club I think so
Why dont you ask your friend to do the task Good idea
together? Great!
I think you should take a private course
Perhaps you need to repair your motorcycle
tomorrow
Why not asking Ms Vivi to check our work?
How about going to McArthur Monument? It
has an amazing view

Instructing Someone Responding


Read the text thoroughly so Yes, thanks
you can answer the questions
Dont litter! It will clog the No, I wont
drainage
Spend your time effectively to O.K. Dad. I will
prepare the national exam.
Please, stop here! I want to Sure
buy some drink

1.2. Speaking Activity (XII IPA 4: 31 Juli 2012) perform on 7 August 2012
Make dialogs based on the following situation!

1. You study hard for the coming mid-term test. Your


books are scattered around in your room. Its really a
mess. Your father/mother asks you to clean it up.
She/He suggests you to put the books which you dont
use on the shelf. How would the conversation go?
2. Your pen-pal is going to visit you for three days. You
plan to take her around your city, like to the museum,
the shopping mall and the souvenir market. Your
mother suggests you to take her to the beach. The
place is not far from your house. She also suggests you
to bring the raincoats because the weather is
unpredictable. How would the conversation go?

3. Reading Activity
Activity 1

Summary of Explanation Text

An explanation text is a kind of genre that explains each step of process (the
how) and to give reasons (the why) of something happens/occurs in scientific
and technical fields. In other words, it tells how or why something
happens/occurs. Some examples of explanation texts are:
How something happens
Why something occurs
Why things are alike or different
How to solve a problem
How something works

The structure of an explanation text is as follows:


1. General statement : state the phenomenon to be
explained
2. Sequence of explanation : a series of paragraphs that
tell the how or why (explanation) something happens
3. Conclusion
Common grammatical features in an explanation text
include:
1. Use simple present tense
2. Use passive Voice
3. Conjunctions of time and cause
4. Use complex sentence
Grammar Focus

1. Passive Sentences
Look at the sentences below

A : Do you know the cycle of water?

B : Yes, I do. It has been explained by Mam Sineri.


The sentence It has been explained by Mam Sineri uses passive form.
A verb is in the passive voice when its form shows that something is done
to the person or thing denoted by the subject. We use Past Participle
(V3).
Look at the sentences:
Liana waters the flowers every day. (Active sentence)
The flowers are watered by Liana every day. (Passive sentence)

In the first sentence, who does something (the agent = Liana)


becomes the SUBJECT of the sentence. Meanwhile, in the second
sentence, the agent becomes the object of the sentence.

Note the change of active sentences into the passive ones as follows:

Tense Active Voice Passive Voice (V3)


Simple eat/eats(V1/V1+-s/- am/are/is eaten (V3)
Present es)
Present am/are/is eating am/are/is being eaten
continuous
Present Have/has eaten Have/has been eaten
Perfect
Simple Past Ate (V2) was/were eaten
Past was/were eating was/were being eaten
Continuous
Past perfect had eaten Had been eaten
Simple Will eat Will be eaten
future
Modal Can/may/must/should Can/may/must/should
eat be eaten
Activity 2

Determine the active form of the following passive voices


1. Passive : John is called by Andi.
Active : Andi calls John
2. Passive : The apples are being peeled by Tika.
Active : Tika is peeling the apples.
3. Passive : The motorcycle has been repaired by father.
Active : Father has repaired the motorcycle
4. Passive : The suitcase was kept by Cintya on the cupboard.
Active : Cintya kept the suitcase on the cupboard
5. Passive : The house was being built by the men.
Active : The men were building the house
6. Active :The paintings should be exhibited in public place.
Passive :The painters should exhibit the paintings in public
place
7. Passive : The explanation text is written in simple present
tense.
Active : The writer writes the explanation text in simple
present tense
8. Passive : The flight will be taken off at nine in the morning
Active : The pilot will take off the flight at nine in the
morning
9. The meals had been finished when we came.
=They had finished the meals when we came
10. The test will be done next week.
=The students will do the test next week
Remedy task
Determine the active form of the following
sentences!
1. Mr. Numberi has been promoted as a General
Manager.
2. Last night accident will be put in the morning news.
3. Tom and Jerry were caught last week.
4. My aunty is examined at hospital every two weeks.
5. The message is being sent through internet.
Hendi is sending the message through internet.

2. Gerund

Pay attention to the following dialog:


A: What do you like doing in your spare time?
B: I like gardening. What about you?
A: Playing football is my favorite.
The words doing and gardening in those sentences are
gerunds. They function as the object of a verb. Meanwhile
the word playing in the sentence is also gerund. It functions
as the subject of a verb.
a. Gerund as a subject
Examples:
1. Smoking is prohibited in this room.
2. Writing poem is her hobby.
b. Gerund as an Object
Examples:
1. Please keep on trying although you often fail.
2. I dont mind picking you up at the bus station
A gerund is used:
1. After some main verbs
Certain verbs followed by a gerund are:
Admit appreciate consider delay
Feel like finish forgive
Involve mention mind miss
Put off recommend resent risk
Detest give up practice understand
Enjoy imagine prefer suggest
Deny face escape postpone
dislike

Examples:
We have finished presenting our paper
If you want to master English well, you should
practice speaking every day.
2. after an adjective, verb or noun followed by a preposition
Examples:
Vita is really good at singing.
Tomy apologized for arriving late.
3. In some fixed expressions
Examples:
I cant bear listening to the long speech.
I cant help feeling that I hate the boy.

Now compare the uses of the ing form in the


following sentences:
Joining an extracurricular activity is good for
students.
(The word joining is a gerund)
Dewi and Maria are joining English club.
(The word joining is a present participle used in
simple present continuous tense).
Listening to a long speech is a boring activity.
(The word listening is a gerund, boring is a
present participle used as an adjective).
2.1. LISTENING ACTIVITY
Complete the dialog based on what you have
heard!
Harry : The path seems unfamiliar for me.
Louisa : (1).?
Harry : Please, be calm. Let us just try the
path on the right.
Louisa : O.K.
A moment later
Louisa : Why do you stop here?
Harry : Sorry . From here I forget the way to our
grandmas house.
Louisa : (Crying) It is your mistake. Why did you ask me
(2) .
Harry :(3) .You always complain about
(4) . Running away and going to grandmas
house are the best things we can do to escape
from her.
Louisa : Yeah, I know. But we could have gone in the
afternoon, not at night like this. We cant see
everything clearly. Moreover (5) ..
Harry : Stop it. Its no use blaming each other. Now
(6) .. We should sleep here in the
forest. Then, we can continue our journey
tomorrow.
Louisa : But sleeping here is quite dangerous. What if
there was (7) . I think its better for us to
go to a nearby house and (8)
Harry : Youre right. O.K. Lets go

Study the following expressions

1. Making Complaints
I want to complain about
(Well), this is the most unsatisfactory
(Im afraid), . It just isnt good enough
. Just wont do
Can you do anything about ..
Im sorry to say this, but .
Honestly, Im fed up with ..
Really, Im fed up with ..

2. Blaming someone
How could you do such a foolish thing?
I hope you are sorry
What on earth were you thinking?
I think you are the one to blame
Are you out of your mind?
It serves you right
I think you are the only person who could have
done it
Its your fault for (doing something)

3. Reading Activity
THE SMARTEST PARROT
Once upon a time, a man had a wonderful parrot. There was
no other parrot like it. The parrot could say every word, except one
word. The parrot would not say the name of the place where it was
born. The name of the place was Catano.
The man felt excited having the smartest parrot but he could
not understand why the parrot would not say Catano. The man
tried to teach the bird to say Catano, however the bird kept not
saying the word.
At the first, the man was very nice to the bird but then he got
very angry. Youre stupid bird! pointed the man to the parrot.
Why cant you say the word? Say Catano! Or I will kill you, the
man said angrily.
Although he tried hard to teach, the parrot would not say it.
Then the man got so angry and shouted to the bird over and over;
Say Catano or Ill kill you. The bird kept not to say the word of
Catano.
One day, after he had been trying so many times to make the
bird say Catano, the man really got very angry. He could not bear
it. He picked the parrot and threw it into the chicken house. There
were four old chickens for next dinner You are as stupid as the
chickens. Just stay with them Said the man angrily. Then he
continued to humble; You know, I will cut the chicken for my
meal. Next it will be your turn, I will eat you too, stupid parrot.
After that he left the chicken house.
The next day, the man came back to the chicken house. He
opened the door and was very surprised. He could not believe what
he saw at the chicken house. There were three death chickens on
the floor. At the moment, the parrot was standing proudly and
screaming at the last old chicken; Say Catano or Ill kill you.
(Taken from:
www.narrative.com)

Activity 6. State T if the statement is true and F if the


statement is false.
1.The parrot was born in Catano
2.The parrot could say every word
3. The man felt excited having the smartest parrot
4. There were five old chickens
5. The man tried to teach the bird to say Catano.

Activity 7. Read the fable of The Smartest Parrot again.


Write down the direct speech found in the text. Then,
change it into indirect speech. See the examples given.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1. Youre stupid bird! 1. The man pointed to the parrot
pointed the man to the that it was stupid bird
parrot 2. The man tried to teach the bird
2. The man tried to teach the to say Catano
bird, Say Catano! 3. The man said angrily to the
3. Say Catano! Or I will kill bird to say Catano or he would
kill it.
you, the man said angrily.
4. _________________________
4. ______________________ _________
________ 5. _________________________
5. ______________________ _________
________

NARRATIVE TEXT
The social function/purpose/aim/goal :
IS USED TO ENTERTAIN, TO TEACH and TO
INFORM which is gain and hold the readers
interest in a story.
CAN BE IMAGINARY (fairy tales, fables, and
legends, myth, folktale, horror, etc.)
Generic structure/Organization of the text
ORIENTATION :sets the scene (when & where)
and Introduces participants/character (who)
COMPLICATION : a crisis arises, something
happened unexpectedly
RESOLUTION : the crisis is resolved, for better
or for worse
RE-ORIENTATION : closing to the narrative
(optional)

Notes:
unexpectedly : tidak terduga
arise : muncul/timbul
resolve : menyelesaikan masalah/
menemukan jalan keluar
worse : makin buruk/jelek

Notes on Narrative Text


It is important to know that the social function of the
narrative text is to inform and entertain. Narrative text will
tell the story with amusing way. It provides an esthetic
literary experience to the reader. Narrative text is written
based on life experience. In literary term, experience is what
we do, feel, hear, read, even what we dream.
Narrative text is organized focusing at character oriented. It
is built using descriptive familiar language and dialogue.
There are some genres of literary text which fit to be
classified as the narrative text. Some of them are:
Folktales, it includes fables, legend, myth, or realistic
tales
Mysteries, fantasy, science or realistic fiction
Commonly, narrative text is organized by the story of
grammar. It will be beginning, middle and end of the story.
To build this story grammar, narrative text need plot. This
plot will determine the quality of the story. Plot is a series of
episodes which holds the readers attention while they are
reading the story.
Conflict is the main important element of the plot. This
conflict among the characters will drive the story progress.
In this conflict, readers will be shown how the characters
face the problem and how they have ability to handle that
problem

Analysis the Generic Structure


Orientation: It sets the scene and introduces the
participants/characters. In that parrot story, the first
paragraph is the orientation where reader finds time and
place set up and also the participant as the background of the
story. A man and his parrot took place once time.
Complication: It explores the conflict in the story. It will
show the crisis, rising crisis and climax of the story. In the
parrot story, paragraph 2, 3, 4 are describing the
complication. Readers will find that the man face a problem
of why the parrot cannot say Catano. To fix this problem, the
man attempted to teach the bird. How hard he tried to teach
the bird is the excitement element of the complication.
Resolution: It shows the situation which the problems have
been resolved. It must be our note that resolved means
accomplished whether succeed or fail. In the last paragraph
of the smartest parrot story, readers see the problem is
finished. The parrot could talk the word which the man
wanted. The parrot said the word with higher degree than the
man taught the word to it. That was the smartest parrot.
Note:
In the middle of the story you can use; next, after that,
then, afterward, meanwhile, so, subsequently, second,
third, etc.

Activity 3. Read the text carefully. Then, answer the


following questions.
Towjatuwa and a Crocodile
Towjatuwa lived in the inland of Papua. He really loved
his wife who was being pregnant. He hoped that his child
would be a great hunter in the future. One day his wife was
ready to deliver the baby. Towjatuwa had an elder of the
village help his wife. But, the expected baby could not be
delivered by his mother.
Towjatuwa, it seems that your
wife cant deliver the baby as usual,
we need something sharp and clean
to bring out the baby from the womb said the elder.
Towjatuwa then went to Tami river. Although he already
searched for awhile, he have not found any sharp and clean
stones. Towjatuwa started to be panic. When steping up on
rocks, he heard a moan from around the rocks and when he
searched for the sound, he saw a crocodile whose tail is
stucked with a stone. He moved the stone and the the
crocodile could move freely. The crocodile then moved and
yawned. Towjutuwa then saw that the crodile has a big body
and sharp teeth. He was afraid. Dont be afraid, I will not
attack you! the crocidile said. Towjatuwa was amazed
because the crocodile could speak. My name is Watuwe. I
am the one who have an authority here in Tami river. I really
appreciate your help over me. What are you looking for here
in the river, hey the man? The crocodile asked. I am
looking for a sharp stone in order to help my wife to deliver
the baby. But, I havent found one. Said the man. I will
help you. To night, I will come to your house. Now, go
home!
Towjatuwa then went home happily. He hope that the
crocodile who had the authority over Tami river would help
him. The crocodile fulfilled his promise. At night, Watuwe
came to Towjatuwas house. He saw Towjatuwas wife was
really sick. With his sharp teeth, they cut off Towjatuwas
wifes stomach. Short after, the baby was delivered safely.
Watuwe then went back to the river.

Towjatuwa was really happy because his wife and the


baby saved. From the time on, he promised before his baby
and his descents that they would never hunt and consume the
flesh of the crocodile.
(Taken from Dancow Story Book, translated
by Yusuf Sawaki).
Questions:
1. What does the text talk about?
2. Who are the characters?
3. Where did it happen?
4. When did it happen?
5. What happened to the main characters?
6. How was the ending of the story? Happy/ sad?
Grammar Focus
1. so/too/either/neither
Read the following sentences:
Snow White was beautiful and so was the Queen.
S1 to be compl. to be S2
Snow White was beautiful and the Queen was too.
The sentences mean:
Snow White was beautiful
The Queen was beautiful.
To avoid repetition we can use so and too with the
patterns:
S1 + to be/Verb + O/Compl. + and + so + aux. + S2

S1 + to be/Verb + O/Compl. + and + S2 + aux. + too

Combine the sentences below using so and too


1. My father is at home.
My mother is at home.
My father is at home and so is my mother
My father is at home and my mother is too.
2. My family went to the beach last Sunday.
Mr. Korwas family went to the beach last Sunday
My family went to the beach last Sunday and so did Mr.
Korwas.
My family went to the beach last Sunday and Mr. Korwas
did too.
3. We have done the test.
She has done the test.
We have done the test and so has she.

4. My father works at a bank.
Their fathers work at a bank.
My father works at a bank and so do theirs/their fathers.
My father works at a bank and their fathers do too.

For Negative sentence we can use either or neither with the


Formula:

S1 + V + O + and + S2 + aux. + not + either

S1 + V + O + and + neither + aux. + S2

Examples:
1. Nayla doesnt like pets.
Mery doesnt like pets
= Nayla doesnt like pet and Mery doesnt either.
Or
= Nayla doesnt like pets and neither does Mery.
2. Lina will not see the movie.
Agus will not see the movie.
= Lina will not see the movie and neither will Agus.
Or
= Lina will not see the movie and Agus will not
either.

2. Since, For, As : Sentence connectors


Study the sentences:
1. The king asked for more gold to the god since
he was greedy.
2. The old woman ate much food for she hadnt
eaten for few days.
3. As it was going to rain, I decided to bring an
umbrella.
Since, for, as can be used to give the reason for an
action or situation (similar to because).
As and since are used when the reason is already
well-known, or is less important than the rest of
the sentence. Since is a little more formal than as.
As- and since-clauses often begin the sentences.
For-clause never come at the beginning of the
sentence.
Examples:
1. Since Herlince didnt come to school many
times, she is left behind in her study.
2. Many people dont like him for he is an
arrogant person.
3. As my sister hasnt been to Jakarta, I decide to
accompany her to go there.

LISTENING ACTIVITY 3

I. Answer the questions based on what you have


heard!
1. What is the dialog about?
2. Why does the girl think that it is possible for
everyone to have mobile phone?
3. Does the boy have the same opinion? Why?
4. According to the boy, what makes people in
underdeveloped communities think deeper
before buying the mobile phone?
5. The boy says, Youre right, but have you
thought about underdeveloped communities?
What does the phrase underdeveloped
communities mean in Indonesian?
II. Choose A,B,C,D, or E for the correct answer!
1. What is the dialog about?
A. The possibility of passing the examination
B. The impossibility of passing the examination
C. The preparation for the final examination
D. The students achievement in the final exam
E. The students health during the final exam
2. Who are talking in the dialog?
A. A teacher and a student
B. A brother and a sister
C. Two teachers
D. Two schoolmates
E. Two classmates
3. Where does the dialog happen?
A. In a theatre D. In a TV station
B. In a radio station E. In a bank
C. In a mall
4. What does the boy do?
A. An announcer
B. A radio broadcaster
C. A television presenter
D. A famous actor
E. A famous singer
5. The girl says, Actually, I want to know how you
can become a talented radio broadcaster. What
does it mean?
A. She asks about possibility
B. She asks about impossibility
C. She expresses her opinion
D. She expresses her curiosity
E. She expresses her happiness

EXPRESSING CURIOSITY
EXPRESSING POSSIBILITY
Expressing curiosity Responding
I really want to know I am delighted to tell you about
how it.
I am curious about . Dont worry. Ill show you how
I wonder why he could is (the process) .
do such a foolish thing. I dont know. Youd better ask
him
How can it happen? Let me tell you about it
Im interested to So am I. Lets see it together
know.

Asking Possibilities Responding


Is it possible that Ika will come to my party? I think so
Do you think we can finish our work on Im sure
time?
Is there any possibility of going abroad to Thats
study for everyone? impossible

SOME EXAMPLES OF SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXTS

task A. Notice the texts below!

Text 1

Text 2
Text 3

The texts above are posters. A poster is any piece of printed paper
designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface. Typically posters
include both textual and graphic elements, although a poster may be
either a wholly graphical or wholly text. Posters are designed to be
both eye-catching and convey information. Posters may be used for
many purposes. They are a frequent tool of advertisers (particularly of
events, musicians or films), propagandists, protestors and other groups
trying to communicate a message. Posters are also used for
reproductions of artwork, particularly famous works, and are generally
low-cost compared to original artwork. Another type of poster is the
educational poster, which may be about a particular subject for
educational purposes.

Task D. Observe the texts above (text 1,2 and 3)

What does each text tell us about?

LISTENING

A. Write down the expressions you have heard!


B. Choose A,B,C,D or E for the correct answer!
1. When does the dialog happen?
A. In a final test D. In a PE lesson
B. In a meeting E. In a class
C. In an examination
2. What happen to the girl?
A. She has got a headache
B. She has got a stomachache
C. She has got a backache
D. She has got a toothache
E. She is dizzy
3. Who is the boy?
A. An OSIS chairperson
B. An OSIS secretary
C. A class captain
D. A principal
E. A teacher
4. What will they do to celebrate the school anniversary?
A. Help the victims of earthquake
B. Have sports competition
C. Have a celebration party
D. Have a school bazaar
E. Visit an orphanage
5. The boy says, I think it is a great idea. What does it mean?
A. He make a promise
B. He requests something
C. He gives something
D. He expresses his view
E. He expresses his happiness

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Modals (can, may, will, must, have to, should/ought to)

Modals Use Examples


Can Ability/possibility Rony can run fast
Informal permission You can leave the meeting now
Informal polite request Can I come to your house in the evening?
Impossibility (negative) It cant be true
May polite request May I borrow your laptop?
formal permission You may pick the roses
less than 50 % certainty We dont see Diana. She may be in the
library
Will 100% certainty I will pick you up at four.
Willingness The phone is ringing. I will pick it up.
Polite request Will you give me some money mom?
Must Strong necessity The students must go to school on time.
Prohibition (negative) People must not use drugs
95% certainty Rendra is not in his classroom. He must
have lunch in the canteen.
Have Necessity Linda has to make her bed in the morning
To Lack of necessity Tonny doesnt have to buy new mobile
(negative)
Should/ Advisability We should/ought to join extracurricular
Ought 90% certainty activities
to Rendy should/ought to finish his work
soon

Modal Perfect

Read the following dialog:

A : I didnt see Maya in the farewell party last night.


B : Really? She might have gone to Bandung.
A : Why was she in a hurry?
B : She has to join the university-entrance test soon.
The word might have is a modal perfect. A modal perfect is usually followed by
past participle.
The functions of modal perfect are as follows:
1. Should have
Function: to express the belief that an event or situation are right and
desirable. However the event didnt happen.
Example:
Ive got flu. I should not have played football in the rain.
2. Could have
Function: to show that the subject had the capability or opportunity of doing
something, but for some reasons he/she didnt do it.
Example:
You could have asked Andy to pick you up at the bus station.
3. Must have
Function: to express a conclusion about past situation.
Example:
Yesterday I passed your house, but it seemed that nobody was at home. You
and your family must have gone out.
4. Might have
Function: to express a possibility in the past.
Example:
I didnt meet Rangga in the meeting. He might have been absent.

LISTENING ACTIVITY 4
A. Complete the dialog based on what you have heard!
Retno : Yesterday was (1)
Adi : What happened?
Retno : A police officer (2) on my way home
Adi : Did you commit traffic offences?
Retno : (3) .
Adi : So, what was the problem?
Retno : I didnt wear the standard helmet! And (4) a steep fine.
Adi : Well, (5) ..! Ive told you a thousand times about your
helmet.
Retno : Yeah, (6) .., but why should the penalty be a fine.
Adi : Of course, if its only a warning, people will simply ignore that! So (7)
.
Retno : But take a look at me now. (8) .
Adi : You wouldnt have said that if you had bought the helmet soon after
they had this new helmet regulation.
Retno : Yeah, youre right. (9) .
Adi : So, what are you going to do?
Retno : Well, I intend to buy a standard helmet now, may be tomorrow.
Adi : O.K. (10) . Shall I take you home then?
Retno : Thanks, you are a good friend sometimes.

B. State True (T) or False (F) for the following statements based on the dialog
above! Correct the false ones.
1. ____ Yesterday Retno was pulled over by the police on her way home.
2. ____ Adi was fined because he broke the traffic regulation.
3. ____ The penalty for traffic breakers decreases because they ignore the
traffic regulation
4. ____ Because of the incident, now Retno is broke.
5. ____ Tomorrow Retno will probably buy a standard helmet.

Study some Expressions below:


1. Expressions of Accusing Someone
Read the following dialog:
Dani : Are you looking for me, Maam?
Teacher : Yes, please have a seat.
Dani : Thank you. Whats the matter, Maam?
Teacher : Dani, one of your classmates told me that you cheated in the test this
morning. Im afraid you did it. Thats why youve got a very good
mark.
Dani : Absolutely not, Maam. I will never do such a thing. Please ask Retno
who sat next to me.
Teacher : O.K. I trust you.
The sentence Im afraid you did it is used to accuse someone.
Study some other expressions below:
Accusing Someone Responding
I think youre the only person who could No, Im not. Trust me.
have done it
No one else would do such a thing but him Youre probably right
You are the one to blame No way. Ive never done such
a thing
You did all these, didnt you?
No, I didnt do it
You have made this floor dirty, havent you?
No, I have not
Admit it that you often bother me on the
But I never do it
phone

2. Admitting Mistakes
Read the following dialog:
Didi : What have you done with my magazine? How did it get so dirty?
Keni : Sorry, its my fault. I accidentally dropped it in the puddle.
Didi : How come?
Keni : I was shocked when I saw a rather deep puddle in front of me. I jumped
to avoid the puddle, but the magazine slipped out of my hands.
Didi : How terrible.
Keni : Ive tried to clean it but not very successfully. Im sorry.

Kesya said, Sorry, its my fault. Is used to admit that she had made Didis
magazine dirty. Every time we make mistake or do something wrong, wed
better admit it so people will forgive us.
Here are some other expressions:
Youre right. Im very responsible for this mess.
I admit what I did was wrong.
I didnt mean to
Yes, I take the blame
Youre right. I shouldnt have done it.
I admit what I have done is wrong
3. Expressing Intention
Read the dialog:
Simon : Rina, what are you doing with these pictures?
Rina : Please help me choose some good pictures. I want to follow a student
photography contest.
The sentence in italicized typed is used to express ones intention on
something.
Study some other expressions below!
I really want to do it.
Im really longing for .
I really want to take a part time job.
I plan to spend coming holiday in Bali
I wish I could
I intend to continue my study in a medical school
I wish I pass the final exam with satisfying marks.
We intend to buy a house rather than renting one.

Grammar Focus
Contrastive Conjunction : though, although, in spite of, despite.
1. Although, even though, though
The conjunctions are followed by clauses;
Pattern: Although/Even though + Subject + Verb

Examples:
Even though Nia had studied hard, she failed the test.
The Blacks carry four cats, although they live in small flat.
2. In spite of/Despite
The conjunctions are followed by noun phrases.
Patterns:
a. In spite of/despite + (possessive adjective) + Verb-ing
Examples
In spite of/Despite (his) having a bad cold, Thomas still played
tennis.
In spite of/Despite (their) studying hard last night, they didnt get
more than seven.
b.
In spite of/Despite + noun

Examples:
In spite of/Despite his bad cold, Tony still played tennis.
In spite of/Despite their hard study, they didnt get more than seven
c. In spite of/Despite the fact + Subject + Verb

Examples:
In spite of/Despite the fact Tony had a bad cold, Tony played
tennis.
In spite of/Despite the fact they studied hard last night, they didnt
get more than seven.

LISTENING ACTIVITY 6

1. Complete the dialog based on what you have heard.


Dialog 1
Virga is going to watch a play. Now she is having a conversation with Denias
about the play she is going to watch.
Virga : Denias, you told me that (1) . have read or heard the story
before? The title sounds so interesting.
Denias : Yeah. My English teacher has told me the story
Virga : (2) ?
Denias : Hey, its not going to be interesting if you know the story.
Virga : Come on, Denias. (3) .. about the story?
Denias : Trust me! Its not going to be surprising if I let you know the story.
Virga : But, in fact, you know the story. I think it would be a pity (4)
Denias : Virga, I just happened to know the story, and I think (5)
Virga : O.K. May be youre right.
Study the expressions below!
Making Plans
Im thinking of taking the subject
Im certainly going to .
Im going to . Thats for sure.
Im hoiping to ..
I thought, I might .
Im not going to if I can help it
Im certainly not going to .
I dont really feel like . ing .
Im not really planning it.

Persuading
Why dont you
I really think youd do well to ..
Are you really sure you cant/couldnt
Oh, come on!
Dont be like that
Just this once
I really think it would be a pity if we didnt
Cant I persuade you to ..
Are you quite sure you wont consider ?

Preventing/Asking Someone not to do Something


You mustnt .
You cant ..
You shouldnt (really) .
You are not (really) supposed to ..
Youd better not .
I dont really think you should .
(For goodness) dont look!
Stop!/Wait!

Regreting
I regret to say that .
Regretfully, I must say ..
Im so sorry for
How could it happen?
If I had (hadnt) ., I would (wouldnt) have .
3.3. Reading Activity
A. Listen to your teacher and complete the text based on what you have
heard!
How Photosynthesis Works
(1) ___________ is a very complex (2) ____________, and for the
sake of (3) ______ and ease of understanding, plant biologists divide it into
two (4) ______________.
In the first stage, i.e. the light-dependent (5) _______________, the
chloroplast traps (6)_____ and converts it into (7) ___________ contained
in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), two molecules used (8)_________ of photosynthesis.
In the second stage, called the light independent (9) ________
(formerly called the dark reaction, (NADPH) provides the (10) ________
that helps from glucose, and ATP provides the energy for this and other
reactions used to (11) _______
These two stages reflect the (12) _________ of the term
photosynthesis, to build with (13) _________

SEMESTER II

I. LISTENING
A. Expressions
Listen to the cassette. Complete the dialogs based on what you have heard.

Dialog 1
Diane : Rosie, dont you forget that tomorrow well have a physics test?
Rosie : (1) ------------------. Thanks for reminding me anyway.
Diane : (2) --------------------. So, have you prepared yourself for it?
Rosie : I have. How about you?
Diane : Me too. But, Ive got a feeling that (3) --------------------------- than the last one.
Rosie : Thats why, we should study harder and do our best. (4) ., right?
Diane : Definitely! (5) I do hope that we can do the test well
Rosie : Right.

Dialog 2
Amir : Hello, Dian. What a coincidence to meet you here!
Dian : Amir! Hi, how are you? (1) ------------------------- Where are you now?
Amir : Im fine, thanks. Now, I study at SMA 3. And you are at SMA 1,
right?
Dian : Youre right. Anyway, what are you doing here?
Amir : I am looking for a book about TOEFL preparation actually.
Dian : TOEFL? (2) Are you planning to study abroad?
Amir : Well, today there are many undergraduate scholarships offered by some
foreign universities. I think, (3) Theres nothing to lose to try.
Dian : Youre right. You know, this is what I like from you. (4) -------------------------- and
never give up trying.
Amir : Thanks. So, what about yourself? What will you do after the graduation?
Dian : (5) I intend to study mass communication.
Amir : Good choice.
Dian : Thanks

B. Genre
Listen to the cassette. Complete the following text based on what you have heard.

I have a new (1) -------------, entitled Planet Earth: An Illustrated History. Do you have it too? Let
me tell you about the book.
The first thing that you will notice about this book is the (2) -----------------. The Editors of Time
have once again brought together pictures that defy the (3) --------------. They capture animals and
natural events that seem (4) ------------------------- in their beauty. You could spend hours just soaking in
the photos.
However, if you close the book after looking at the photography, you will miss the well-written,
informative captions and (5) ------------------------------ that accompany the pictures. The coupling of
facts with images will open the heart of romantics to the (6) ------------ and cause the scientist to pause
with wonder that is bigger than (7) --------.
Whether you want to learn about the Northern Lights or bees, Planet Earth seems to cover it
all. It does not provide long, (8) ---------------- but covers enough trivia to keep readers interested. I (9) -
---------------------- Planet Earth as a gift that readers, young and old, can open with (10) ---------------------
- again and again.
UNIT 4

4.1 Expressions
A. Comlplete the dialog based on what you have heard!

Donita : Ben, have you read my short story? It is being displayed on the wall magazine.
Ben : Yes, I have.
Donita : (1) I mean, is it good enough?
Ben : Yeah. (2) .
Donita : O, come on. Please tell me the truth.
Ben : Thats true, Donita. Your story is truly very ielonteresting, especially the ending. I love that
part. You know, (3) ..
Donita : Thank you. Actually, I tried to give the readers surprise.
Ben : (4) . It seems that you experienced it yourself.
Donita : Um.. I tried to develop my imagination.
Ben : Your imagination is really wonderful. (5) some day.
Donita : I hope so. Thanks, Ben.

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