Statutory Claim in accord with IRS MANUAL 21.7.13.3.2.

2(2)/ 1707 Cestui OueVia Trust Act

I, VERONICA DENISE PHILLIPS, Now Known as Yahcia Onawa Ekta Ela,Indigenous, Autochthonous Flesh and
Blood Melaninite Female of: Aniyunwiya(Cherokee), and Apache Descent, on Behalf of: NEVAEH CHRYSTIANA
RAMIREZ, Now Known as: Ajei Awee Mai, an Indigenous, Autochthonous Flesh and Blood Melaninite Female of
Aniyunwiya(Cherokee),Dineh(Navajo), Apache Descent, Ciaim in Accord with: the United Nations Declaration on
the Rights of lndigenous Peoples (http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m:A/RE5/661142),
(http:l/www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documentsiDRlPS-en.pdf ), Constitution of the :At-sik-Hata :Nation of
:Yamassee-Moors (http://www.scribd.com/doc/59269375/YConsitution), Presidential Proclamation 7500, HJR- 194
(http://www.gpo.qov/fdsys/pkg/BlllS-11Ohres194ih/pdflBILLS-110hresl94ih.pd8, S.Con Res. 26
(hup:/iwww.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-l 1 Lsconres26rfh/pdf/BlllS- 1t I sconres26rfh.pdf), HJR-3, American
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (http://cdn7.iitc"org/wpcontentlupioads/AG07150E06:web.pd0, 2
Stat. 153 Title 8 USC 876; IRS Mission Statement (hup:llwurw.lrs.govlpuU/ir , that she is not
decedent (IRS MANUAL 27.7.13.3.2.2), she is alive and not dead (1540 Cestui Que Yia Trust Act, 1666 Cestui Que
Via Trust Act, 1707 Cestui Que Via trust Act {http://www.legislation.gov.uk/apgblAnrl6/72}. I want the record held
in your computer database which may list her as deceased to be changed to alive/living. According to IRS
MANUAL 27.7.L3.3.2.2: An infant is the decedent of an estate or grantor, owner or trustor of a trust, guardianship,
receivership or custodianship that has yet to receive an SSN: (http://wwwirs.govlirmlpart2l/irm 21-007- 0t3r.html).
Declaration of assumptive death is a fiction: G.R. No. 160258 Republic of The Phillipines vs. Gloria
Bermudez-Lorino: tntCI:llcajuaicia ). She has a
SSN, so by the iRS MANUAL:21.7.13.3.2.2 she is not a decedent: (Blacks Law Dictionary page 435: decedent n.
A dead person, esp. one who has recently died). She is no longer and cannot be held liable for: a) Maritime liens
being forced against her and b) securities being taken out of the estate. All Maritime Liens being enforced against
her, I hereby claim invaiid, null & void, ab initio - nunc pro tunc. See: Lieber Code Article 3, 31, 38:
(http://ava1on.1aw.yale.edu/19th:centur.v/lieber.asp) and Aa 45, 46 & 55 of The Hague Convention fV October 1Sth
i907 (htto://www.icrc.org/ih1.nsf/FUlli 195). She is the infant who does have a Social Security Number, which
makes her the beneficiary of this trust. The Social Security Number 015-91-5251 and the name: NEVAEH
CHRYSTIANA RAMIREZ vests within her: an Indigenous Autochthonous Living Melaninite Female of:
Aniyunwiya(Cherokee), Dineh(Navajo) and Apache Descent. Being that the IRS works in Admiralty, the IRS
according to its own code, can no longer enforce any Maritime Liens against her, as I have now claimed: she is not
lost at sea, nor is she a decedent /vessel in commerc e Q7 A7 Cestui Que Vie Trust Act, U.K.). 01 5-9 1-525 1 .
JURAT
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
(http://www.un.org/Docs/joumal/asp/ws.asp?m:A/RES/66l142), American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples f http:l/cdnZ.iitc. , UN Convention on Economic, Social &
Cultural Rights, UnitedNations Charter: Article 55 & 56, Presidential Proclamation 7500, H.J.R. 194, S. Con. Res
26. S. 1200, HJR-3(HJ 3IH).

Affirmed to and subscribed before me this 5; day of -]L ,uL t 2017.

.J .

By: r",., i{ u.raah C [,,r{s{a na Qhi*i r .!Y*

Affiant Indigenous Child- UCC 1-308 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Personallv Known
--4o duc ed I dentificati on
Type and ID#: Ve- \b T&ber p5 F (

7-JA.-v0t7
Notary Public ^^^^::.::.-
AhALILY TORREA
My Commission Expires
,I_oJaIv pueill"
'i['i[{l'fi,u6_qroru
iL:15":"','"t1,^
e"5p16ri
 NEW IRS MISSION STATEMENT EMPHASIZES TAXPAYER SERVICE

WASHINGTON -- The lntemal Revenue Service on Thursday unveiled an

overhauled mission statement to reflect the agency's new emphasis on serving

taxpayers.

The new statement is simple and direct. The IRS mission is to "provide America's

taxpayers top quality service by helping them understand and meet their tax

responsibilities and by applying the tax law with integrity and fairness to all."

The new language represents the new direction for the lRS, which is working to

transform itself into a customer-oriented organization. The mission also reinforces the

agency's duty to administer the tax laws fairly for everyone.

"This mission statement reflects the new attitude at the lRS," said Charles O.

Rossotti, Commissioner of lnternal Revenue. "Our top priority is putting the interests of

the taxpayers first, and this is spelled out simply and clearly in the mission staternent."

The pledge will serve as a daily reminder to people both inside and outside the

IRS about the agency's mission. The 27-word statement will be prominently featured on

1998 tax publications, at IRS offices around the country and on the agency's website.

(more)

"Words alone aren't going to change the lRS, but this serves an important
 -2-

purpose," Rossotti said. "The mission statement will be a reminder that we must be

dedicated on a day-in, day-out basis to serving taxpayers. This is just one of the steps

that we need to take."

The new mission statement was mandated by the IRS Restructuring and Reform

Act approved by Congress and signed July 22by PresideniClinton. The legislation

required the IRS "to review and restate its mission to place a greater emphasis on

serving the public and meeting taxpayers' needs."

The IRS circulated drafts of a new mission statement in July and August. The

document was flnalized after receiving commentsfrom a variety of sources, ranging

from public feedback on the agency's lnternet site to suggestions from tax professionals

and lR$ employees.

The final mission statement underscores the agency's efforts to help individuals

while ensuring that alltaxpayers are served the by agency's commitment to apply the

law fairly to all.

XXX

[Note to editors: The new mission statement replaces an older version dating to the
1980s. The previous statement said, "The purpose of the lnternal Revenue Service is to
collect the proper amount of tax revenue at the least cost; serye the public by
continually improving the quality of our products and services; and perform in a manner
warranting the highest degree of public confidence in our integrity, efficiency and
faimess."J
 o
lI
o

F
g
(
d
c
((
ll

5. ft ii >= t
=
5
p z@
;Z -E 6
Etr
>\
'a
E E !n .=
^ o o
6 sY E -o L o
o u 06 q E gA
in
@
a
a
E
F,nEEEa
,DC:-

ES .p + lJ '" b@
u-
Lr
o

B
o {E 23 #
6;FEE(JE
EE
t:6 t.
(
o o;
oo 0 F -r=
E Ec 0
(
cc , ie c eo
lI
E =
+
* EP
oo
*c E
P
i
E
a.e ll
't) = e= s E E =E
E.=
I
sE: c a
E'IOL
E= .= a i 63
EE A6 E
E{ (
c,
6t t:
afi EI
*E
:(

o
E
s **
-e
OE
- E f;E EE AE li
EE
E

E
a
6q *h 3
EE
Eg E q E EE
s(
(s e6 F Til 0

EB2
,Op a c
o F
5 E EE +
EE=BE
EF c 6 -6
.gg e
q

t bo =
tl
g'fiY g
o4
&Ein 0l EEI aj
. tE c

E
6G
o
'E
c
E t
ts
IE {
(s
't)
E
'c
to
E;Tfrg
g.t S ;
eS
Efi
E

(
o
o
a
EEgEE E =
E8
f,
t(

E:s e 9 E
u
Z
o
E
tr
E*;E3 ;
EE
E'F {
co
(u
Z
E
z
th
a) EEE.rB
k@g <
=
E
@ ^#s
F
o' -o
o

?
(1

,U go
2*a
EEE E
O
f; E
^,
.o'
E I;;
F
ts --(

v EEge* c
(
Y
)) HieEE,E HEE
ii
o
.E E== E Efi E ; *E
I
(ll
=.s3
EET:" e
3
!
a
d O
E E \=
FA J
J EEEE$Et*
to.E* a -= oz _I*EE
c
u

E Eq Efr gg
I
F
(u uda!! J L ! F HHE
itu= - qG EE
6=
a
I
E g -9 O.9
I a (
IIJ m
3
qJ
E;E c- EB fiE 5E il*
sen
(

i;H : ;- :"
!tr8 5 EE 3E'=E
*"e {E:
;
F

FEe
N
*IE fi Ef;s
r
o
:o
F

ts* t',
EE u
I
s
.t!
q
(
F
*
q
(
t'

o
I
c
:
c

0
E

c
C
(
-!
(C

!i
(
(
f

N
\ ffi :t
t
i,
t
 m

(o
a
|-
(
(x
f
(t
ll
r) 'it
i-1
E
,'' o eE.-
o
l
.\ l. 5.8
@'
rJt , o U
6oE* o
ru
=
,E '= .5 3 > ; ;g
-EFEB.=53
i
t, ,]
.:
*tr_( Ei.H,ff-E$H
t!tl4oJIF]I:]EO
F'
q
d
(

? t} ((
= ri I
I
l) ll
!o .,J E t
.4
il !
c i ,1.1
cB P, E , i
E
;trE
=?=tso
!oa e" S.9- ,:
- '==
)d
I
(

:
(6
.,:
c E d o*
S F a aff S n fi
cz f, a o
0
c
,
:. I,
i.r
StEetr8-3; (o
o
= ,s
.:
E E E # E J E{ { d
J^^*^
{
t
(o I
sll (
t) :
., (
o h c
q
a E s a
(
c ,
t c
o l1 ,{
E
C T
:-1
EI
Ed

o
E ' '4, 46
n
9
P E5
,i E !
e1
L
0

u
.
ri
ieEfi:E I
.!
tE^544 q+ {
Y b e x
v * o i ruo o
o
t
.-t
s (
J +l I
c
o t q
B (
I I
,il fi i:
rt t
: {=E
E ,:P a
J tr E _ "a_ H 6E:v
11 !
C
3
E E E 3E * E.E
E> g,

:l'
*I?frEEE T
F
Z xo
ol'
; E e sE ; e 3 E s E
J*r x=-i\
o-
:
UA

F
: ,:j
.I* o.:g
gb-
rll Ye
*' 5E!
I o=i,
C -N
LF*
$x I f;
ot-
?ou
oPs
I

U)
,t fF
:s,
.Y
E' 1 dg
5 .o
g Ei
&
|.:
l--1.
jI tg Es a$ # fl
@@s
Er(
<o,
l-+ E.9 ii 6 X B .o
s <O de #O O :E
EF:
#A
(J
ittF
4 ffi 1.,
s ,E<t
.*x.q;:
oXEo:
o

EEC,::
t-@.-
=c@g:
E;-o,E
-:
, icd.YE
ti{.eJl
6-

^3 e s E
i-a( -l

E
E.U T : ! vJe
[
+i hr .,Y qlY CN
E C: E3 dR dN
)N #a
ot '
N C

I
 st 199711778
socrAl SECURTTY (UNITED STATES OF AMBRICA) 0RDER leeT

L997 No. 1778

SOCIAL SECURITY

The Social Security (United States of America)

Order 1997

Made 22nd Jnl.v 1997

Coming futo Jbrce lst September 1997

At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 22nd day ofJuly 1997

Present.
The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council

Whereas at London on the 13th February 1984 an Agreement on social security between
the Covernment of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northem Ireland and the
Govemment of the United States of America (hereinafter referred to as "the Agreement")
and an Administrative Agreement for the implementation of the Agreement (hereina{Ier
referred to as "the Administrative Agreement")(a) were signed on behalf of those
Govemments and effect was given to the Agreement by the Social Security (United
States of America) Order 1984 (hereinafter refered to as "the Principat Order")(b):

And Whereas at London on 6th June 1996 a Supplementary Agreement between the
Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the
Govemment of the United States of America (which Supplementary Agreement is set out
in Schedule 1 to this Order and is hereinafter referred to as "the Supplementary
Agreement") amending the Agreement and a Supplementary Administrative Agreement
amending the Administrative Agreement (which Supplementary Administrative
Agreement is set out in Schedule 2 to this Order and is hereinafter referred to as "the
Supplementar_v Administrative Agreement")(c) were signed on behalf of those
Govemments:

And Whereas by Article 3 of the Supplementary Agreement it is provided that the

Supplementary Agreement shall enter into force on the first day of the third month
following the rnonth in which each Govemment has received llom the other Government
written notiflcation that all statutory and constitutional requirements have been complied
with for entry into force of the Supplementary Agreement:
And Whereas by Article 2 of the Supplemeltary Administrative Agreement it is
provided that the Supplementary Administrative Agreement shall enter into force on the
date of entry into lorce of the Supplemen[ary Agreement:

And Whereas written notillcation in accordance with Article 3 of the Supplementary

Agreement was received by each Govemment on 20th June 1997 and accordingly the
Supplementary Agreement and the Supplementary Administrative Agreement enter into
force on the Ist September 1997:

(a) Cmnd.9443.

The Law Relating to Social Securifii t2.t

 SOCIAL SECUzuTY (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) onopn
t997
(b) s.I.1984/1817.
(c) Cm33T4,publishesbothfbeSupplementaryAgreemenlandtheSuppJernentaryAdministrativeAgreement.

Supplement No. 44 fJuly 98]

st 1997t1778
Art. 1-3 & Sch. I

And Whereas by section 179(1)(a) and (2) of the Social Securiry Administration Act
1992(a)it is provided that Her Majesty may by order in council make provision for
modifying or adapting that Act and the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act
1992(b) in their application to cases affected by agreements with other Govemments
providing for reciprocity in matters specified in the said section:
Now, therefore, Her Majesfy, in pursuance of section 179(1)(a) and (2) of the Social
SecuriW Administration Act 1992 and of all other powers enabling Her in that behalf, is
pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered,
as follows; -

Citation and commencement

1. This order may be cited as the Social security (united States of America) order
199'7 and sha1l comeinto force on 1st September 1997.

Modification of the Social Security Administration Act 1992 and the Social Security
Contributions and Benefits Act 1992 and amendment of the Principal Order
2. The Social Security Administration Act 1992 and the Social Security Contributions
and Benefits Act 1992 shall be modified and the Principal Order shall be amended so as
to give effect to the Agreement as modified by the Suppiementary Agreement set out in
Schedule 1 to this order and to the Administrative Agreement as rnodified by the
Supplementary Administrative Agreement set out in Schedule 2 to this Order, so far as
the same relate to England, Wales and Scotland.

Amendment of Order
3. The retbrence to the Social Security (United States of America) Order 1984 shall be
omitted in the Schedule to the Social Security (Reciprocal Agreements) order 1988(c)
and in schedules 2 and 3 to the Social secudty (Reciprocal Agreements) order 1995(d).

N.H. .Yicholls
Clerk of the Privy Council

SCHEDULE 1 Article 2
STIPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENT AMENDING THE
AGREEMENT ON SOCIAL SECI,E"ITY BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE. UNITED KINGDOM OF
GREAT BRITAINAND NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE
GO\ERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The Govemment of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northem Ireland and the
Government of the United States of America;
Having considered the Agreement on Social Security which was signed on their behalf
at London on 13th February1 984 thereinafter referred to as "the Agreement");

Having recognised the need to revise certain provisions of the Agreement; Have
agreed as follows:

t2.2 Supplement No. 44 [July 98] The Law Relating to Social Securiryn
 SI

Article I
1 . Article I of the Agreement shall be revised as f-ollows:

(a) i 992 c.5.

(b) 1992 c.4.
(c) S.l. l9ti8/59i.
(d) S.r.199s/767.
soclAl sECURrry (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) 0RDER 19e7
Sch. I

(a) Paragraph 1 shall be revised to read as follows:

" l."Tenitory" means, as regards the United States, the States, the District of
Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands,
Guam, American Samoa and the Commonwealth of the Norlhem Mariana Islands,
and as regards the United Kingdom. England, Scofland, Wales. Northem L-eland.
and also the Isle of Man, the Island of Jersey, ar.rd the Islands of Guernsey.
Aldemey, Herm and Jethou; and references to the "United Kingdom" or to
"territory" in relation to the United Kingdom shall include the tsie of Man, the
Isiand of Jersey, and the lslands of Guernsey, Alderney, Herm and Jethou where
appropriate;".
(b) Paragraph 3 shall be revised to read as follows:
" 3. "Competent Authority" means, as regards the United States, the
Commissioner of Social Security. and as regards the United Kingdom, the
Dcpartment of Social Security for Great Britain, the Deparrment of Health and
Social Services for Northern Ireland, the Department of Health and Social
Security of the Isle of Man, the Employment and Social Security Committee of
the States of the Island of .Iersey or the Guemsey Social Security Authoriry as the
case may require;".
(c) Paragraph 7 shall be revised to read as follows:
" 7. As regards the United Kingdom:
(a) "insurance period" means, contribution period or an equivalent period;
a
(b) "contribution period" means,
a period in respect of which contributions
appropriate to the benefit in question are payable, have been paid or treated as
paid;
(c) "equivalent period" lneans, a period for which contributions appropriate to
the benefit in question have been credited;
(d) "sulivor's benefit" means, widow's allowance, widow's payment, widowed
mother's allowance and widow's pension;
(e) "chitd's survivor benefit" means, guardian's allowance and child's special
allowance:
(0 "laws on coverage" means,
the laws and regulations relating to the imposition of liability for the payment of
social security contributions,
(g) "qualifying period" for invalidity benefit means,
(i) a period of incapacity of 364 days under the laws of Great Blitain, Norlhemlreland
or the Isle of Man, or
(ii) a period of incapacity of 364 days under the laws of Jersey, or
(iii) a period of incapacity of 1 56 days, excluding Sundays, under the laws ofGuernsey;
(h) "first contribution condition" means,
(0 under the laws of Great Britain, Northenr Ireland or the Isle of Man, that a
person has paid at least 52 ClassI or Class ll contributions at any tirne before 6
April 1975, or has paid, in one contrrbution year, Class I or Class II
contributions producing an earnings factor ofat least 50 times that year's lower
eamings lirnit in a tax yearbeginning on or after 6 April 1975, or
(ii) under the laws ofJersey, that a person has paid contributions prior to the
endofthe relevant quarter and the annual contribution factor derived from
these contributions is not less than 0.25, or

Supplement No. 44 [July 98] The Law Relating to Sot:ial Security t2.3
 SOCIAL SECURITY (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER I997
(iii) under the larvs of Guemsey, that a person has paid at least 26
reckonablecontributions since 4 January 1965 or the date ofhis enry into
the Guemsey scheme;
(i) "second contribution condition" means.
sI1997n778
Sch, 1

(i) under the laws of Great Britain, Northem lreland or the Isle of Man, that
aperson has either paid or been credited with Class I or Class II
contribntions producing an earnings factor of at least 50 times the lower
eamings limit in each of the last 2 complete contribution years before the
relevant benefit year. or
(ii) under the laws of Jersey. that a person has paid or been credited
r,r,ithcontributions in respect of the relevant quarter and the quarterly
contribution f-actor derived from those contributions is i.00, or
(iii) under the laws of Guernsey, that a person has paid or been credited with
atleast 26 reckonable contributions in the reievant contribution year; fi)
a "qualifying year" means,
(t) at least 50 weeks of insurance for periods befbre 6 April 1975, or thatthe
person has received, or been treated as having received, earnings ofat least
52 times the lorver earnings limit in a tax year after 5 Aprii 1978 under the
laws of Great Britain, Nofihern Ireland and the Isle of Man, or
(ii) an annual contribution factor of 1.00 under the laws ofJersey, or
(iii) 50 weeks under the la.xs of Guemsey;
(k) a "reckonable year" means a tax year between 6 April i975 and 5 April 1978
during rvhich contributions have been paid on earnings received (or treated as
received) of at least 50 times the lower earnings limit tbr that year;
(l) "prescribed period" means, in relation to Jersey and Guernsey, the period
commencing on the same date under the iaws of Jersey or Guemsey, as the
case may be. as tbe relevant period for the pulposes of old age pension and
ending on 31 December next preceding the date on which entitlement to
invalidiry benefit first arose;
(m) "sickness benefit" means,
(i) short-term incapacity benefit at the lower, higher or long-term rate
payableunder the legislation of Great Bdtain, Northern Ireiand or the
lsle of Man. or
(ii) sickness benefit payable under the legislation ofJersey or Guernsey;(n)
"invalidity benefi t" means,
(i) long-temr incapacity benefit, additional pension, invaliditv allowance
andincapaciry age addition payable under the legislation of Great Britain,
Northem Ireland or the Isle of Man, or
(ii) invalidity benefit payable under the legislation of Jersey or Guernsey.,'.

2. In paragraph l(a)(ii) of Article 2 of the Agreement, *1954" shall be replaced

by" 1 986".

3. Paragraph 1(b) of Article 2 of the Agreement shall be revised to read as follows:

" (b) As regards rhe United Kingdom,

(i) the Social Securiry Administration Acr 1992, the Social Security
Contributionsand Benefits Act 1992, the Social Security (Consequential
Provlsions) Act
1992 and the Social Security (Incapacity for Work) Act 1994;
(ii) the Social Security Administration (Northem Ireland) Act 1992, the
SocialSecurity Contributions and Benefits (Northern Ireland) Act 1992, the
Social Security (Consequential Provisions) (Northern lreland) Act 1992
and the Social Security (lncapacity for Work) (Northern Ireland) Order
1994;

12.4 Supplement No. 44 [July 98] The Law Relating to Social Securiq,*
7

SI

(iii) the Social Security Administrarion Act 1992, the Social Security
Contributions and Benefits Act 1992, the Social Security (Consequential
Provisions) Act 1992 and the Social Securiry (lncapacity for Work) Act
1994 (Acts of Parliarnent) as those Acts apply to the Isie of Man by virtte
of
Orders made, or having effect as if made, under the Social Security Act
1 982 (an Act of Tynwald);

(iv) the Social Security (Jersey) Law, 1974;

(v) the Social Insurance (Cuernsey) Lar.v, 1978;

Supplement No. 44 [July 98] The Law Relating to Soc:ial Security 12.5
 socrAl sECURrry (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) oRDER 1997
Sch.l

and the lar.vs which were repealed or consolidated by those Acts, Laws or Orders or repealed
by legislation consolidated by them."'.

4. [n paragraph 2 of Aticle 4 of the Agreement, the word "normally" shal1 be added immediately before the
r.vords "employed by".
5. Article 4 paragraph 3 of the Agreement shall be revised to read as follows:
" 3. A person who is covered under the laws on coverage of either Party with respect
to sel{:employment shall be subject only to the Iaws on coverage of the Party in
whose territory he ordinarily resides.".

6. Article 7 paragraph 2 of the Agreemenl shall be revised to read as follows: " 2. Subject to the provisions of
paragraph 3 of this Article and the provisions of At.icle i 4, a person who would be entitled to receive an old
age pension, a retirement pcnsion. a survivor''s benefit or invalidity benefit under the laws of the United
Kingdom if he were in the United Kingdom shall be entitled to receive that pension or benefit while he
ordinarily resides in the territory of the United States, as if he r,'"'ele in the United Kingdom.".
7. Article 1l paragraph 3 of the Agreement shall be revised to read as folloil,s:
" 3. Where the periods of coverage completed by a person under the laws of:
(i) either Great Britain, Northen.r lreland or the Isle of Man amount to Iess
thanone reckonable year, or, as the case may be, qualifying year, or relate
only to periods before 6 Aprii 1975 and in aggregate amount to less than 50
rveeks, or
(ii) Jersey amount to less than an annual contribution factor of 1.00. or
(iii) Guernsey amount to less than 50 weeks,those periods shall be aggregated
as if they had all been completed under the laws of any part of the territory
of the United Kingdom under lvhich a pension is payable or would be
payable ifthe periods were aggregated, or, where two such pensions are or
would be payable, under the laws of that part which, at the date on w-hich
entitlement first arose or arises, is paying or would pay thc greater amoullt.
Where the aggregate of the periods of coverage is less than one qualifying
year or reckonable year, this Article and Article 9 shall not apply.".

8. Article 14 of the Agreement shall be revised to read as follows:

" 1. The provisions of paragraphs 2 to 5 of this Arlicle shail apply to ciaims for invalidity
benefit under the laws of Great Britain, Northem Ireland or the Isle of Man.
2. A person who has satished the first contribution condition for sickness benefit
as defined in Arlicle I using contributions under the laws of Great Britain,
Northem lreland or tl.re Isle of Man only, who is in the territory of the United
States and is not subject to the laws on coverage of Creat Britain. Northem
Ireland or the Isle of Man under Arficles 4, 5 or 6 of this Agreement, shall be
entitled to receive invalidity benefit under the laws of Great Britain, Northern
Ireland or the lsle of Man provided that:
(a) the second contribution condition for sickness benefit under the laws of
theUnited Kingdom is satisfied using relevant periods of coverage under
the laws of the United Kingdom and" if necessary, thc United States, and
(b) the person is incapacitated fbr work and has been so incapacitated
throughouffhe qualif,ing period fbr invalidity benefit, in which case the
person shall be treated as if sickness benetjt followed by invalidity benetit,
under the iaws of Great Britain, Northem lreland or the Isle of Man, had
been paid throughout that period of incapacity.
For the purposes of sub-paragraph (a), a person will be considered to meet the
second contribution condition if he is credited rvith at least 2 quarters of coverage
under the laws of the United States in each of the last 2 complete contribution years
befbre the relevant benefit year. The relevant Competent Authority of Great Britain,
Northem lreland or the Isle of Man rl.ill reallocate any quafter of coverage credited
to a person under the laws of the United States within a calendar year to any olher
calendar quarter rvitlrin that year if it is needed to satisfy the second contribution
condition in a relevant contribution year, as long as it has not been used to satisty the
second contribution condition in anv other relevant contribution vear.

t2.6 Supplement No. 44 [July 98] The Law' Relaling to Social Security
 st1997n778
SOCIAL SECURTTY (UNITEI) STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER teeT
s[1997n778

Sch. I
The rate of the invalidity benefit payable shall be that which would be paid under the
laws of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man without the application of
this Agreement unless a disability benefit under the laws of the United States is in
paymeot, whether or not under the provisions of this Agreement, in which case the
rate of invalidity benefit payable shall be determined in accordance with the
provisions of paragraph 3 of this Ar1icle.

3. Taking account ofsub-paragraphs (a) and (b) ofthis paragraph, the relevant Agency
of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man shall ascertain the proportion of
invalidity benefit provided under its laws in the same ratio as the total of the periods of
coverage completed under its laws bears to the total periods of coverage completed under
the laws of both Parties.
(a) The provisions of paragraphs l, 2 and 5 of Article 9 and the provisions of
paragraphs 4, 6 and 7 of Article 1 1 of this Agreement shall apply ro periods of
coverage credited under the laws of the United States as if the references in
those Articles to an old age pension, a retirement pension or a pension rvere
references to invalidity benefit.
(b) For the purpose of calculating the proporrion of benefit referred to above, no
account shall be taken of any period of coverage completed after the day on
which a person's incapacity comrnenced.
The amount of benefit calculated in accordance with the above provisions of this
paragraph shall be the amount of invalidity benefit actually payable to that pet son.

4. Where a person in the territory of Great Britain, Northem

Ireland or the Isle of Man,or a person outside the territory of Great
Britain, Northem Ireland or the Isle of Man who is entitled to an
invalidity benefit under the relevant legislation other than under
paragraph 2 of this Article, is in receipt of invalidity benefit under
the laws of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the lsle of Man and
also is in receipt of a disabitity benefit under the [au.,s of rhe United
States, whether or not under the provisions of this Agreement, the
rate of invalidity benefit under the laws of Great Britain. Northern
Ireland or the Isle of Man shall be determined in accordance with the
provisions ofparagraphs 3 and 5 ofthis Articie.

5. Where a person to whom the provisions of paragraph 4

apply:
(a) rvould have been entitled to receive invalidity benefit under the laws of Great
Britain, Northern lreland or the Isle of Man. without recourse to this
Agreement; and
(b) is entitled to receive both invalidity beneflt under paragraph 3 and a disability
benefit under the larvs of the United Sktes, whether or not under the provisions
of this Agreement, and the sum of these two benelits is less than the amount of
invalidity benefit to which the person would otherwise have been entitled under
(a); the competent authority of Great Britain, Northem Ireland or the Isle of
Man shall calculate the difference between the amounts of benefit calcutated irr
accordance with sub-paragraphs (a) and (b), on the date that entitiement to invalidiry
benefrt payable under paragraph 3 first arose, and shall pay that amount in addition to the
invalidity benefit payable. The additional sum will remain in payment under the same
conditions as the invalidity benefit and subject to the equivalent increases in amount, as
appropriate.

6. Nofwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, invalidity benefit shall

bepayable under the laws ofJersey only in accordance with the provisions ofparagraphs
7 to 9 of this Arricle.

7. For the purpose of qualif,ing for invalidity benefit, a person who is in the
territory ofthe United States and

Supplement No. 44 [July 98] The Law Relating to Social Security 12.7
 SOCIAL SECURITY (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER teeT
(a) has satisfied the first contribution condition for invalidity benefit using
contributions under the laws of Jersey only; and
(b) has satisfied the second contribution condition for invalidity benetit using
relevant periods of coverage under the laws of either Party; and
(c) is incapable of work, and has been so incapable throughout the qualifuing
periodfor invalidity benefi t;
shall be treated as if he had been entitled to sickness benefit throughout that period.
Sch.l
For tbe purposes of sub-paragraph (b), a person will be considered to meet the second
contribution condition if he is credited with at least 2 quarters of coverage under the laws of
the United States in each of the last 2 complete calendar years before the calendar year in
which the claim for benefit r.vas made.
8. Where a person has satished the conditions set out in paragraph 7, the
CompetentAuthority of Jersey shall determine the actual rate of invaliditv benefit payable as
the amount that bears the same relation to the standard rate of benefit as the life average
contribution factor during the prescribed period bears to 1.00, except that no benefit shall be
payable where the factor is less than 0.1.

9. Where a person who is in Jersey is entitled to invalidity benefit under the lar,vs
oflersey, that benefit shal1 be payable.
10. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, invalidity benefit shall
bepayable under the laws of Guemsey only in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs
1 1 to I 3 of this Article.

I 1. For the purpose ofqualifying for invalidity benefit, a person who is in the territory
ofthe United States or Guernsey and
(a) has satisfied the first contribution condition for sickness benefit using
contributions under the laws of Guemsey only; and
(b) has satisfied the second contribution condition for sickness benefit using relevant
periods of coverage under the laws of either Party; and
(c) is incapable of work, and has been so incapable throughout the qualiling period for
invalidity benefit;
shall be treated as ifhe had been entitled to sickness benefit throughout that period.

For the purposes of sub-paragraph (b), each quarter of coverage credited under the laws
of the United States in the relevant contribution year shall be treated as if it had been a
contribution period of thirteen vveeks completed as an employed or self-employed person
in the relevant contribution year.
12. Where a person has satisfied the conditions set out in paragraph 11, the Competent Authority
of Guernsey shall:
(a) deem the contribution conditions for the payment of invalidity benefit satisfied
provided that the periods of coverage under the laws of Guernsey total one
qualifying year; and
(b) calculate the amount ofinvalidity benefit to be paid. subject to paragraph 13. as
being the proportion, not exceeding 100%, of the standardrate which the total
number of contributions paid or credited in Guemsey during the prescribed
period bears to the product ofthe nunber ofyears in that period and fifty: save
that if the amount so calculated is less than one-twentieth of the standard rate,
no benefit shatl be payable.

13. Where a person is in Guernsey and

(a) is entitled to invalidity benefit under the laws of Cuemsey solely through the
application ofparagraphs 1l and 12, or has been entitled to such a benefit in
relation to the claim in question solely through the application of those
paragraphs; and
(b) is in receipt of a disability benefit under the laws of the United States, whether
or not by virtue of this Agreement: the amount of the invalidity benefit payable
under the laws of Guenrsey shall be rednced by the amount by u,hich the

12.8 Supplement No. 44 puly 981 The Lau, Relating io Social Security
 st1997fi778
SOCIAL SECURITY (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER 1997
aggregate of both benefits exceeds the standard rate of invalidity benefit under
the laws of Guernsey.

14. No person in relation to whom invalidity benefit is payable under the provisions olthis
Agreement shall receive a contribution credit ffom Jersey or Guemsey unless present
st 1997 t7778

Sch.1

in Jersey or Guernsey. as the case may be.

15. Where a person's periods of coverage under the larvs of a pafi of the United
Kingdomtotal less than one qualifying year, or one reckonable year, these periods shall be
aggregated as ifthey had all been completed under the laws ofany part ofthe territory of
the United Kingdom under which a sickness benefit or an invalidity benefir is payable or
would be payable if the periods were aggregated, or, where two such benefits are or
u'ould be payable, under the laws of that part which, at the date on which entitlement first
arose or arises, is paying or would pay the greater amount. Where the aggregate of the
periods ofcoverage is less than one qualifying year, or one reckonable year, this Article
shall not apply.
,l6. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article, a person in the territory of
theunited States who is subject to the laws on coverage of the United Kingdom by virtue
of any ol the Articles 4 to 6 of this Agreement and who satisfies the contribution
conditions applicable to sickness benefit under those laws shall, for the purpose of
determining his entitlement to invalidity benefit under those laws:
(a) be treated as if he were in the tenitory of the United Kingdom; and
(b) each day of incapacity forwork rvhile in rhe territory of theUnited States may.
r.vhere appropriate, be treated as if it were a day for which he had received
sickness benefit under the laws of the United Kingdom.
17. Any restriction which would otherwise be applicable under the laws of the
United Kingdom in the rate of benefit payable to persons who are not ordinarily resident
in the territory of the united Kingdom shall not apply ro persons in the tcrritory of the
united States who are in receipt of invalidity benefit under the laws of the United
Kingdom by vinue of the provisions of this Agreement.".

9. Ar-ticle 2l paragraph 2 of the Agreement shall be revised to read as follows:

" 2. lf a disagreement cannot be resolved through negotiation, the Competent

Authorities will endeavour to settle the issue through arbitration, mediation, or other
mutually agreed procedure.".

Article 2

The application of this Supplementary Agreement shal1 not result in any reduction in the
amount of a benefit to which entitlement was established prior to its entry into force.

Article 3

This Supplementary Agreement shall enter into force on the first day of the third month
following the month in which both Governments shal1 have informed each other by a
formal exchange of notes that the steps necessary under their national statutes to enable
the Supplementary Agreement to take effect have been taken.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto by their

respective Covernments, have signed this Supplementary Agreement.

DONE in duplicate at London on 6th June 1996.

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE

I.INITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:

Supplement No. 44 [July 98] The Law Relating to Social Security 12.9
 SOCIAL SECURITY (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER 1997
AND NORTHERN IRELAND: Timothy E. Deal, William Marsden, (Minister,
Embassy of the (Americas Direcror, FCO) United States of America)
Sch.2

SCHEDULE 2 Article 2

SUPPLEMENTARY ADMINISTRATIVE AGREEMENT AMENDINC

THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGREEMENT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF THE AGREEMENT ON SOCIAL SECURITY BETWEEN THE
GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA

The Govemment of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern lreland and the Government
olthe United States of America;
In accordance rvith Article l5(a) of the Agreement on Social Security between the
Governr.nent of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the
Government of the United Srates of America signed on their behalf at London on l3th
February 1984 (hereinafter referred to as "the Agreement") as amended by the Supplementary
Agreement of this date:
Have agreed to amend the Administrative Agreement for the impiementation of the
Agreement as foilows: -

Article I
1. Article 2 paragraph 1 of the Administrative Agreement shall be revised to read
asfollorvs:
" 1. The liaison agencies referred to in Article 15 of the Agreement shall be:
(a) tbr the United States. the Social
Security Administration, (b) lbr the
United Kingdom,
(il in Great Britairr,
For all contingencies except Articles 4 to 6 of the Agreement and the provision of
United Kingdom insurance records lbr Disability Beneht,
Department of Social Security Pensions and Overseas Benefits
Directorate, Tyneview Park, Whitley Road, Benton Newcastle upon Tyne,
England NE98 1BA;
For Articles 4 to 6 of the Agreement and to provide United Kingdom insurance records for
Disability Benefir,
contributions Agency International Services, Longbenton, Newcastle upon Tyre, England
NE98 IYX
(i1) in Northem Ireland, Social Security Agency Overseas Branch,
CommonwealthHouse, Castle Street, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT1 1DX
(iii) in the Isle of Man, Deparhnent of Health and Social Security, MarkwellHouse,
Market Street, Douglas, Isle of Man IM1 2RZ
(iv) in Jersey. Employrnent and Social Security Department, Philip Le FeuvreHouse,
La Motle Sheet, St Helier, Jersey, Channei Islands JE4 SPE
(v) in Guemsey, Guemsey Social Security Authority, Edward T Wheadon House.Le
Truchot, St Peter Port, Guemsey, Channel Islands GYI 3WH.".
2. Article 9 paragraph 1 of the Administrative Agreement shall be revised by adding
the following sentence at the end thereof:
" Hor,vever. the Agencies of the two Parties may agree on a different allocation of
expenses fbr rnedical examinations arranged under this paragraph.".

Article 2

This Supplementary Administrative Agreement shali enter into force on the date of entry into
force of the Supplementary Agreement of this date amending the Agreement.

L2.10 Supplement No. 44 [July 98] The Lan* Relating to Social Securifi,
 SOCIAL SECURTTY (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER 1ee7
st 1997n778

DONE at London on 6th June 1996 in duplicate.

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE TINITED

KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AND NORTHERN IRELAND: Timothy E. Deal, William Marsden, (Minister.
Embassy of the
(Arnericas Director, FCO) United States o{'America)

EXPLANATORY NOTE

(This note is txot part of the Ordery

This Order makes provision for the modification of the Social Security Administration
Act 1992 and the Sociai Security Contributions and Benefits Lct1992 so as to give effect
to the Supplementary Agreement on social security (which is set out in Schedule i to this
Order) made between the Govemment of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northem Ireland and the Government of the United States of America. The
Supplementary Agreement amends the Agreement on social security set out in Schedule
I to the Social Securiry (United States of America) Order 1984 to take into account
changes in United Kingdom legislation, in particular as relates to incapacity benefit.

There are also set out in Schedule 2 to this Order the provisions of a Supplementary
Administrative Agteement amending the Administratlve Agreement set out in Schedule 2
to the Social Security (United States of America) Order 1984.

This Order does not impose any costs on business.

Supplement No. 44 [July 98] The Law Relatingto Social Security

-

SOCIAL SECURITY (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER 1997

10.8290 (-10.8720)

Supplement No. 44 [July 98] The Law Relating to Social seatrity

 http://university.ucadia.info/e1 07*plugins/content/content-php?content.87
Page 1/1 1

FEDERAL JUDGE STATES IN COURT THAT HE GETS HIS OROERS FROM ENGLAND

yoda, Saturday 25 June 201 1 - 16:15:00

FEDERAL JUDGE STATES IN COURT THAT HE GETS HIS ORDERS FROM ENGLAND

7 17 -567 -7 67 5. 5/98: [quoting]

During the trial of James and Sharon Patterson, (Case 6:97-CR-51) Wi{liam Wayne Justice, Judge of the United States District Court
Texas-Eastern Division when presented with law stated:

"l take my orders from England. This is not a law this court goes by."

For all of those who did not believe that the United States was under Great Britain here it is straight from the mouth of a Federal
Judge. How much more evidence'do you need?'America has never been Free.

The Revolutionary war was a fraud perpetrated on the Amencan people. The war's purpose was to centralize power and make the
people easier to control.

All Federal Judges, Congressmen, U.S. Attorneys, State Judges, Legislators and mostAttorneys know this and are in fact British
Agents.

Their job is to keep the people in line and to be productive slaves which they (The British Agents) are greatly compensated for. The
police do not know that they work for Great Britain they too have been deceived so don't attack them.

li is time for everyone in America to know the Truth. Let us all work together in exposing the British Empire. Please re-fax and e-mail
this release to every Attorney, Judge, and Legislator in your area to let them know they have been unmasked- Please get out your
Yellow Pages and start faxing everyone in your area and also read this release over every radio show possible. We have printed
thousands of evidence packages and mailed them across America that prove that the United States is a British Colony. {t is time to
send the British back to England. We must work together because if, we do not. we are all doomed.

Your Friend.

Stephen Kinbol Ames Jr.

For More lnformation: Stephen Kinbol Ames, c/o P.O. Box 5373. Harrisburg. Pennsylvania 17110

Phone: 7 17 -567 -7 67 5: F ax-7 17 -567 -2564

(And if one needs any further information, see August 22, 1997issue of lntelligence Review articie "Britain's 'lnvisible' Empire
Unleashes The Dogs of War") [End quoting]

wrote ...
Queen Elizabeth controls and has amended U-S. Social Security

THE ULTIMATE DELUSION

 Cestui Que Vie Act 1666
1666 CHAPTER {1 18 and 19 Cha 2

An Act for Redresse of lnconveniencies by want of Proofe of the Deceases of Persons beyond the Seas or

absenting themselves, upon whose Lives Estates doe depend.

XlReci&l ftat Ctui que vie have gone beyord Sea, and that ReversionerB cannot find out
whether they are alive or dead.

Whereas diverse Lords of Mannours and others have granted Estates by Lease for one or more life or lives,

or else for yeares determinable upon one or more tife or lives And it hath often happened that such person

or persons for whose life or lives such Estates have beene granted have gone beyond the Seas or soe
absented themselves for many yeares that the Lessors and Reversioners cannot finde out whether such
person or persons be alive or dead by reason whereof such Lessors and Reversioners have beene held out

of possession of their Tenements for many yeares after all the lives upon which such Estates depend are
dead in regard that the Lessors and Reversioners when they have brought Actions for the recovery of their

Tenements have beene putt upon it to prove the death of their Tennants rryhen it is almost impossible for

them to discover the same, For remedy of which mischeife soe frequently happening to such Lessors or
Reversioners.

Annotationslp

Editorial lnformation
X'lAbbreviations or contractions in the original form of this Ac't have been expanded into modem lettering in the text set

out above and belovrr-

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

Cl Shart title The Cestui que Vie Act 1665" given by Statute Law Revision Act 1948 (c. 62), Sch. 2

C2Preamble amittd in prt under authority of Statute Law Revision Act 1948 (c. 62), Sch. I
C3Certain words of enactment repeded by Statute Law Revision Act l BBB (c. 3) and remainder omitted under authority

of Statute Law Revision Act 1948 (c. 62), s. 3

fl.]Cestui que vie remaining beyond Sea for Seven Years together and no Proof of their Lives,
Judge in Action to direct a Verdict as though Gestui que vie were dead.

lf such person or persons for whose life or lives such Estates have beene or shall be granted as

aforesaid shall remaine beyond the Seas or elsewhere absent themselves in this Realme by the space

of seaven yeares together and noe sufficient and evident proofe be made of the lives of such person or
persons respectively in any Action commen@d for recovery of such Tenements by the Lessors or
Reversioners in every such case the person or persons upon whose life or lives such Estate depended

shall be accounted as naturally dead, And in every Action brought for the recovery of the said
Tenements by the Lessors or Reversioners their Heires or Assignes, the Judges before whom such
Action shall be brought shall direct the Jury to give their Verdict as ff the person soe remaining beyond
the Seas or othenArise absenting himselfe were dead.

11. .... .. ., .... . Fl

Annotations:O

Arnendments pextual)
FlS. ll repealedby@,Sch. I
u..... .."...,.,F2
Annotations:S

Amendments (Textual)
F2S. lll repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1863 (c. 125)
IVlf the supposed dead Man prove to be alive, then the Title is revested. Action for mean Profits
with lnterest.

I Provided alwayes That if any person or I person or] persons shall be evicted out of any Lands or

Tenements by vertue of this Act, and afterwards if such person or persons upon whose life or lives
such Estate or Estates depend shall retume againe trom beyond the Seas, or shall on proofe in any
Action to be broughl for recovery of the same [X!to] k made appcare to be liveing; or to have beene

liveing at the time of the Eviction That then and fom theneforth the Tennant or Lessee who was
outed of the same his or their Executors Administrators or Assignes shall or may reenter repossesse
have hold and enjoy the said Lands or Tenements in his or their former Estate for and dureing the Life

or Lives or soe long terme as the said person or persons upon whose Life or Lives the said Estate or
Estates depend shall be liveing, and alsoe shall upon Action or Actions to be brought by him or them

against the Lessors Reversioners or Tennants in possession or other persons respectively which since

the time of the said Eviction received the Proffitts of the said Lands or Tenements recover for damages

the full Proffitts of the said Lands or Tenements respectively with lawfull lnterest for and from the time
that he or they were outed of the said Lands or Tenements, and kepte or held out of the same by the
7

said Lessors Reversioners Tennants or other persons who after the said Eviction received the Proffitts

of the said Lands or Tenements or any of them respectively as well in the case when the said person
or persons upon whose Life or Lives such Estate or Estates did depend are or shall be dead at the
time of bringing of the said Action or Actions as if the said person or persons where then liveing.l

Annohtions:@

Editorial lnformation
annexed to the Original Act in a separate Schedule

Variant reading of the text noted in Ihe Sfatutes of the Realm as follows: O. omits [O" refers io a collection in the library

of Trinity College, Cambridgel

 621

TIM
CESTUI QUr YrE ACT, 1707
6 Aane c. ?2 (Inperial)

An Act for the more affectual Discovery aI the Death of Fersons pretended
to be alive to the Prejudice of those who claim Estate$ efter thsir
Deaths
Sho* title confcrred by Short Title* Act, 1S96, 59 & 6o Vic, c. 14.

Remns for passirg &is Act Reversiorr* o*c. erp*cturt upor

determinrtirm of life estrtq upon affidavit oI helief of death of inlart
or other tenant tor life, and 6at ilch deeth is oontealed by gurrdian,
etc. may yarlf obtcin au order in Chaucery for fte poduction of sucih
teneut [s lifa Whereas divers Fersols as guardiaas and trustees for
infants and husbands iu right of their wives and otler persons having
estates or iuterests dsterminable ullofl a life or lives have coutinued to
receive the rents and profits of such lands after the determinatian of their
said particular estates or interests. And whereas the proof of the death
of &e persoils on whose lives such particular estates or interest* epended
is very difficult and several person$ have been and may be thereby
defrauded. For remedy whereof and for preventing such fraudulent
practices be it enacted by the Queen'$ most excellent Majesty by atd
with the advice and consent cf the lords spiritual and ternporal and
commons in this present Parliament assembled and by the authority of
the same &at any person sr per$orls whs hath or shall have any claim
or demand in or to any remainder reversion or expectarlcy in or to aily
estate after the death of auy person withit age married woman or any
other pemon whatsoever upou afl&davit made in the High Court of
Chancery by tbe persoos so claiming such estate of his or her title and
that he or she hath cause to believe that such misor married womail or
other person is dead and that his or her death is concealed by such
guardiaa trustee husband or any other person shall and may once a year
if the per$on aggrieved shaU think fit move the lord chancellor keeper or
commissioners for the custody of the great seal of Great Britaia for the
time being to order and they are hereby authorized and required to
order such guardiar trustes husband or other person concealing or
suspected to conceal such person at such time and place as the said court
shall direct on persoral or otker due service of such order to produce
aad shew to such person and persons (not exceeding two) as shall in
such order be named by the party or parties prosecuting such order such
minor ms.rried women or other Ferson$ aforesaid. And if such guardian
trustee husband or such other per$otr as aforesaid shall refuse or neglect
to produce cr shew such infaat maried womafl or such other person on
whose life any such estate doth depend according to *re directions of
the said order that then the Court of Chaacery is hereby authorized aud
required to order such guardian atstee husband or other person to
produce such minor married womatr or olher person concealed in the said
Court of Chaacery or otherwise before commissioners to be appointed
 622 REAL PROPERTY Yol. l.l

by the said court at such tirne and place as the court shall direct trvo of
which commissioncrs shall be nominated by the party or partics prosecuting
such order at his her or thek costs and charges. And in case such
guardian trustec husband or other person shall refuse or ncglcct to
produce such infart rnarried wornan or other psrson so conccalcd in
the Court of Chancc,ry or beforc such comrnissioners rvhereof return shall
be made by such commissioncrs and that return filcd in the petty bag
oftrce in either or afly of the said cases the said minor married woman
or such other pcrson so concealed shall tre taken to be dcad and it
shall be lawful for any person claiminc any right title or interest in
rernainder or reve rsion or othcrrvise after the death of such inf ant
married wontan or such cther pursons so concealcd as aforesaid to enter
upon such lands tencnrcnts and hereditaments as if such infant marricd
woman or other pcrson so concealed rvere actually dcad.
Jurisdiction undcr this Act in relatiun to land under the Real Proyrrrty Acts
or sorrght to be brought undcr thosc Acts ic crinferred on lhe Supreme Court or
a jutlge the;col by thc Rc*l Plopcrty Acls, IH6l to 1963, r,9(1. p.633. pi.,r'r.
It appears tlrat the Strpreme Courl llso p{rs-\esses irrrisdiction undcr thc Act by
virtuc rrf ss.20, 11, and 34 of the Supreme Court Act of 1E67. title SUPREME
COLJRl-.
A renraindcrman may apply notwithslanding that in certirin events he is not
imrnedirtel_v entitletl on the dearh cf lhc lifc tcnent, Er parrc Craut { 1801) 6 Vcs.
5 12.
l;or p:'ilcedure under the section. see Ilr Ort'rn (1871t). 10 Ch. D. 166: jtr
Littgt,tt (1li4l i, I? Sim. l{}4; rte Foyle 1lliS9), 4{) Ch. D, -r$9; 1? }laisbury's Laws
of England, }rd ed., F. 298-
'l-here is a rebuttablc presumption of larv thlt a person who hus not heen
heartl of for seven ytars hy tho-re who would nalurallv hear of him i[ alivc jr
dead, hut no Fresrmption Ihal hc u'its;riivc t>r dr-arl lt anv tinre tlrrring thlrt
period, R< Phrae's'frust.r {1869}.5 Ch. App. 131}; [186]-73] All l:.1{. ltep.5l4.
Sce also 15 Halshurl''s l-itws of F.ngland, 3rd ed., p. 34,t; lix pcrtc Gcrt.st' {1873),
3 S-C.R. 165; 8c Cutneron's Will tl 867), I S.C.R" i67 (nolhing discoverable erf
pilsscngers rvho had abandoncd sinking ship).

2. l[ such infant, etc. tenant for life, appear to be in some place beyond
sea, party prosecuting such order may send over to view such infanl And
be it further cnacted by the authority albrcsaid that if it shall appear to thc
said cCIurt by aliirlavit that such minor mlrried woman or other person for
such life ,uch eslatc is holden is or lately rvas at sorne cerLair"r place beyond
the scas in the said a{lidavit tc bc menliorlcd it shall and may be lawful for
the party or partics prosccuting such urdcr as afilrcsaid at his her nr their
costs and charges to send over ()ne or both the said persons appointed by
the said ordcr to view such minor marricd womiln or other pcrson for whosc
lifc any such estate is holden and in casc such gturrdixn trustde husband or
othcr person conccaling or suspccted fo conceal suclr persons as aforesaid
shall refuse or neglect to prorluce or procure to hc produced t() such person or
persons a personal view of such infant married \voman CIr other pcrson for
whose life any such estate is lrr:ldcn then and in such casc such person
or pcr$ons are hereby required to makc a true return of such refusal or
neglect to the Court af Chancery which return shall be {iled in the petty
bag oflice and thereupon such minor married woman or other person for
whose life any such estate is holden shall be taken to be dead and it shall
be larvful for any person claiming any right title or interest in remainder
reversion or otherwise after the death of sueh infant married woman or
other person for rvhose life any such estate is holden to entcr upon such
Iands tenemcnts and hereditamcnts as if such infant marricd woman or
other person for whose life any such estate is holdcn were actually dcacl.
 cEsTUr QUE VIE ACT, r?07 ss. l-5 623

3, If it appcer aft*npards in any ution ts be brought tH sutL temnt for

Iife was alive at the time ol the order ma&, then he or shc mty re.euter,
and have mlian for reff, etc, Provided always that if it shall afterwards
appear upon proof in any action to be brought that such infant married
womafl or other person for whose life any such estate is holdeu were alive
at the time of such order made that then it shall be lawful for such infant
married woman guardian or trustee or othsr persoft having any estate or
interest determinable upon such life to re-enter upon the said lands
tenemetrts or hereditamenk and for such infant maried woman or othor
person having any estate or interest dcterminable Epon such life their
exscutors administrators or assigns to maiqtain an action against those who
since &e said order received the profits of such lands tenBments or
hereditaments or their executcrs or administrators and therein to resover
firll damages for the profits of the same received ftom the time that such
infant married woman or other persCItr having any estate or interest
determinable upon such life were ousted of the possession of such lands
tenements or hereditaments.
As to rnesne profits, eee also s. 5.

4. Proviso for gu*rdian, etc. who shall u*ke it appmr ihai due endevonr
has been rxed to pr$clrre &e appearanm oI srch idsrt and tenad for life.
Provided always that if any such guardiarr trustee husband or other person
or persons holding or having any estate or interest determinable upon the
life or lives ef any cther person or per$on$ shall by affidavit or otherwise
to the satisfaction of the said Ccurt of Chancery make appear that ho she
or they have used his her or tleir utmost endeavours to procure such infant
married womao or other person or persons on s,hose life or lives such
estate or interest doth depcnd to appcar in the said Court of Chancery or
elsewhere according to the order of the said court in that behalf made and
that he she or they cannot procure or compel such inlarlt $arried womaD
or other person or persons so to Bppear and that such infant married
woman or other Ferson or persons ou whose life or lives such estate or
interest doth depend is are or were living at the time of such return made
and filed as aforesaid then it shall be lawful for such person or persons to
continue in the possession of such estate and receive the rents and profits
thereof for and during the infancy af such infant and the Iife or lives of
such married woman or othsr person of psr$otrs on whose life or lives
such estats or interest doth or shall depeud as fully as ha shc or they
might have dane if this Act had not bsen made.

5. Guardiaruq kusteeq etc. holding over withont consent of remaifiIer man,

etc. deemed kespaserr. And be it further enacted by the authority
aforesaid that every persotr who as guardian or trustee for any infant and
every husband seised ir right of his wife only and every other person
having any estate determiqable upotr any life or lives who after the
determination of such particular e$tates or interests *rithout the express
cansent of him her or them who are or shall be next and immediately
entitled upon and after the determination of such particular estates or
interests shall hold over and continue in possession of any manors,
rnsssuages, Iands, tenemeilts or heredita&elt$ shall be and are hereby
adjudged to be trespassers and every person and persons his her and
their executors and adminis8ators who are or shall be entitled to any sucb
614 REAL PROPER'I}' Yol. 14

manors messuages Iands tenements anrl hereditarnents upon or alter the

determinatiou of such particular estates or interests shall and may recover
in damages against every such person or persons so holding over as
foresaid and against his her sr their executors or administrators thc full
value sf the profits received during such wrongful possession as aforesaid.
As to recovery of profits, see also s. 3.
Pope Apologizes For Catholic Church's
'Offenses' Against lndigenous Peoples
"l humbly ask forgiveness...for crimes committed
against the native peoples during the so-called
conquest of America."
pr: '1'*" }*15
*7li]-{j;,:i"r15 i"i,r:54 ffiT !Lfipr**t*d.ii;i

SANTA CRUZ, Bolivia (AP)- Pope Francis apologized Thursday for the sins
and "offenses" committed by the Catholic Church against indigenous peoples
during the colonial-era conquest of the Americas.

History's first Latin American pope "humbly" begged forgiveness during an

encounter in Bolivia with indigenous groups and other activists and in the
presence of Bolivia's first-ever indigenous president, Evo Morales.

Francis noted that Latin American church leaders in the past had acknowledged
"grave sins were committed against the native peoples of America in the name of
God." St. John Paul ll, for his part, apologized to the continent's indigenous for
the "pain and suffering" caused during ihe 500 years of the church's presence on
the continent during a 1992 visit to the Dominican Republic.

But Francis went farther.

"l humbly ask forgiveness, not only for the offenses of the church herself, but also
for crimes committed against the native peoples during the so-called conquest of
America," he said to applause and cheers from the crowd.

Earlier in the day, Francis denounced the "throwaway" culture of today's society
that discards anyone who is unproductive as he celebrated his first public Mass
in Bolivia.
The government declared a national holiday so workers and students could
attend the Mass, which featured prayers in Guarani and Aimara, two of Bolivia's
indigenous languages, and an altar carved from wood by artisans of the
Chiquitano people.

ln a blending of the native and new, the famously unpretentious pope changed
into his vestments for the Mass in a nearby Burger King.

Speaking to the crowd in South Arnerica's poorest country, Francis decried the
prevailing mentality of the world economy where so many people are "discarded"
today the poor, the elderly, those who are unproductive.
-
"lt is a rnentality in which everything has a price, everything can be bought,
everything is negotiable," he said. "This way of thinking has room only for a
select few, while it discards all those who are unproductive."

The day, however, threatened to be overshadowed by President Evo Morales'

controversial gift to Francis upon his arrival: a crucifix carved into a hammer and

*Jf
sickle.
'
%' I

t
Both the Vatican and the Bolivian government insisted Morales wasn't making a
heretical or political statement with the gift. They said the cross, dubbed the
"Communist crucifix," had originally been designed by a Jesuit activist, the Rev.
Luis Espinal, who was assassinated in 1980 by suspected paramilitaries during
the months that preceded a violent military coup in Bolivia. On Wednesday,
Francis, a fellow Jesuit, prayed at the site where Espinal's body was dumped.

"You can dispute the significance and use of the symbol now, but the origin is
from Espinal and the sense of it was about an open dialogue, not about a specific
ideology," said the Vatican spokesman, ihe Rev. Federico Lombardi.

The Bolivian government insisted the gift wasn't a political maneuver of any sort,
but was a profound symbol that Morales thought the "pope of the poor" would
appreciate.

"That was the intention of this gift, and it was not any sort of maneuver ... lt was
really from great affection, a work designed by the very hands of Luis Espinal,"
Communications Minister Marianela Paco told Patria Nueva radio.

Associated Press writers Paola Flores and Carlos Valdez contributed.

-:;ffirryf

H. Res. L94

In the Hoase of Representatiaes, U. S.,

,Iuly 29, 20A8.

\\'herreas rnilliorrs of r\I?icans arid tlu,ir descerrdarrts \\rere

errsiar.cd in thc Llrriterj States arrd tlrc 1ll Amerrican colri-
nies fi'orn 1619 through lSti5r

\\'hereas slayer'\, in Anrerica rcscnrt;letl no othcr. f'ortr of inr.ol-

unta,tv serr.iturle hnoun in histor1., as Afi.icans we1.e cap-
tured ancl solrl ut truction like inanirnate objects rr ani-
mals;

\\hereas ;\fricurns fbrcecl into sitrvery \vero brutalized, hurnili-

ated, dehumanizecl. arrd subjercted to thc-, indigrrit.i' of
hcing stripped of tlrcir rratlles and lreritagc,r
\Yhereas enslaved f'amilies rrer.e torit apart after haring been
sold separatelv fLolrr one another.;

\Vhereas the s1.s1s111 of' slaverv and thc r.iscei'al yacisrl agair,st
persons of Ali'ican tlescent upon u'irich it deperntteri be-
came entrenched in the Nation's social f'abric;

\Yhcrcas slavrrn'u,as not otficiallv nbolishecl until the piissagc)

of thr. 13th ,\mcuclment to the Ltniterl Statc:s Colstitu-
-l8ti5
tiorr in afterr the end of' the Civil \\,ar;

\Yhereas afterr emaruripatiorr from 2.[6 rrcars of slar,tr.y, Afri-

can-Americans soon sa\\: thc flectirrg political, sor:ial, anil
economic gains thel' macle clur.ing Rcconstr-uction er,is-
cerated b--_v r.irulent racisrn, lprchings, disenfr.anchisernent,
 2

Blacli ( locles, and r.acial segr.egertion la,u-s that imposerl a

rigitl slstem of otficialir. srrnctioned racial segregation in
virtuallv etll areas of lif'e;
\\hereas the s1,.stom of dc jure racial segregatiou knori,rr as
"Jin'r Crolv," u,]rich arose irr ccrrtairr parts of tlre Natiorr
follou.illg thc Llir.il \\rar to ereate scltarate arrd rureclual
societics fbr l,hites ancl Africari-Americans, \\'as a dir-ect
result of tlie i'acism against per.sons of -\fi.ican deseent
eugencleretl by slavery.;

\\'hereas a centurv afl,er tht official entl of slar.era- in .\rner-

ica. Feck:ral actioit rvas requirecl during the 1960s to
elinrinate the ric,jure anrl rlefacto s1-stern of Jirn Crr.xv
tlrrougirout parts of' tlte Natiou, tltough its vestigcs sl,ill
linger to tlris da1';
Whereas African-.\mericans continuc to suff'er f'rorn the com-
plcx interpla.v hetu.cen slar-ery and eJitll Cll.o\\.-long after
both s.rstenrs \yere fbrniaily abolished-through enomrous
damage and }oss, both tang{ble ancl intarigible, including
the loss of human digrdt1., the fmstration of carcers and
lrrofiessional lives, arrd tite long-term loss of irrcomel erricl

op1'rortunitr,;

\\hert,as the ston, of tlre enslar.enretrt and dc jriro segregatiori

of African-Ant-,ricans anel the dehurnanizing atror:ities
conimitterd ilga,inst tlrcm s]roulcl not be purged t'rrrm or.
rnininiizerl in tlie telling of Amer.ican historr';

\Yhereas on ,Iulr. 8, 200iJ, tlur.ing- a trip to ()or.ee Islanrl, Sen-

egal, a tbrrner slzrve port, Presirl:rit (ieorge trV. Bush ac-
kuorvlcdgerl slaver.r-''s continuing legacy in Amcricau lif'e
anci llre rrced to corrfitnt tlrat legarl. lr,lren hcr statecl tlrat
slavt-,1'.y "u.as orle of tlre gr.catest crimes of lristor.v
. The racial bigotn. f'cd br. slaverl- did not end u.ith

.HRES 194 EH
 .3

slaven, or witli tlie issues that

segregation. And nlanl. of
still trouble rlmericra hale roots in the bitter exper.ience
of other tirncs. But horvo'ur long thc journe)-, our derstinv
is set: liber\. ancl justictr tbr a11.";
\Yhereras Prcsidurt Bill Clintorr also nckrror,r,lcrdged the cleep-
seatt'cl problertrs tratrsed b1- tlre corrtirruing legar.l- of rar,-
isnr ag'ainst Africari-Anlericans that hegan ri-ith siavcrl-
tvhen he initiated a national clitrloguc abriut racc;

\\Jierca,s a genuine zrpologv is an important and neec,ssar.\.

first step in the process of racial rer,ont,iliation;
\Yhereas an apologv for centuries of bmtzrl clehuuranization
ancl injustices cannot erase ther past, l.xrt c:onf'ession of
the n,rorrgs cornrnittcd ceur spc:cd racial healirrg arrd rec-
onciliatiorr and Irelli Anrerit:ans corfront the glrosts of
their past;
\\-liereas the leg'islaturo of the Coinmonrvealth of \rirginia ha,s
recentl;. takerr thc lcad in aclopting a resohrtion offlcialll.
expressing a,pprtpriate rernorse flrr slaver'.v antl other.
State legislaturcls have adopted or arc. considering similar
rilsolutiorrsr and

it is importaut tbr tliis cror-urtr1', u,]ricli legallv rccog-

\\'lteretrs
nizccl slaven, througjlr its Constitutiorr alul its lau's, t<r
make a fbrnial apolog)- ftrr slavery ancl f'or its successor,
Jim LI'ou,, so ttra.t it can lnol'e fonr.arri and setc.k rec-
onciliation, justicc, ancl harrnony fbr all of its citizens:
Norr, therefbrtr. lre it
Resohvd, That the Ilouse of Reltresentatives-

(1) a,ckriou'ledgcs that slavcrl, is inconrpatillie riitlr

tlic basic fburrding princillles rccogriizerd irr the Declara-
tiorr of hidtpendenc:e that ail meli are r:reatecl c,qnal:

.HRES 194 EII

 4
(2) acknouledges the funelamental injustice, cmeltv,
lrrutalitl', antl inhuma,nitv of slaverv nntl Jim Crorv;
(3) apolog'izes to ,\lrican Americans on behalf of tlie
peopk: of thc llnitcld States, fbr the \\.rongs crinmrittcd
against them ancl their ancestors lvho suffererl undcr
Slat-(,n. ald ,Iir1 f-l161ar; flrid
(4) oxpresses its rrorumitmerrt to rectifi. the liu-
gerirrg' (onsequences of the rniscleeds romrnittecl against

Africarr An'rericans undcr s)ar-ery- arrcl Jinr Crorr- arrcl to

stop the occurrentie of'human rights violatioris in the fti-

ture.

Attcst:

ClerA'.

oHRES 194 EH
 The Holy See

APOSTOLIC LETTER
ISSUED MOTU PROPRIO

OF THE SUPREME PONTIFF

FRANCIS

ON THE JURISDICTION OF JUDICIAL AUTHORITIES OF VATICAN CITY STATE

IN CRIMINAL MATTERS

ln our times, the common good is increasingly threatened by transnational organized crime, the
improper use of the markets and of the economy, as wel! as by terrorism.

It is therefore necessary for the international community to adopt adequate legal instruments to
prevent and counter criminal activities, by promoting internationaljudicial cooperation on criminal
matters.

In ratifying numerous international conventions in these areas, and acting also on behalf of
Vatican City State, the Holy See has constantly maintained that such agreements are effective
means to prevent criminal activities that threaten human dignity, the common good and peace.

With a view to renewing the Apostolic See's commitment to cooperate to these ends, by means of
this Apostolic Letter issued Motu Proprio,l establish that:

1. The competent Judicial Authorities of Vatican City State shall also exercise penaljurisdiction
over:

a) crimes committed against the security, the fundamental interests or the patrimony of the Holy
See;
b) crimes referred to:

- in Vatican City State Law No. Vlll, of 11 July 2A13, containing Supplementary Norms on Criminal
Law Maftersi

- in Vatican City State Law No. lX, of 11 July 2A13, containing Amendments to the Criminal Code
and the Criminal Procedure Code;

when such crimes are committed by the persons referred to in paragraph 3 below, in the exercise
of their functions;
c) any other crime whose prosecution is required by an international agreement ratified by the
Holy See, if the perpetrator is physically present in the territory of Vatican City State and has not
been extradited.
2. The crimes refened to in paragraph 1 are to be judged pursuant to the criminal law in force in
Vatican City State at the time of their commission, without prejudice to the general principles of the
legal system on the temporal application of criminal laws.

3. For the purposes of Vatican criminal law, the following per$ons are deemed "public officials'*.

a) members, officials and personnel of the various organs of the Roman Curia and of the
lnstitutions connected to it.

b) papal legates and diplomatic personnelof the Holy See.

c) those persons who serve as representatives, managers or directors, as well as persons who
even de facto manage or exercise control over the entities directly dependent on the Holy See and
listed in the registry of canonical juridical persons kept by the Governorate of Vatican City State;

d) any other person holding an administrative or judicialmandate in the Holy See, permanent or
temporary, paid or unpaid, irrespective of that person's seniority.
4. The jurisdiction refened to in paragraph 1 comprises also the administrative liability of juridical
persons arising from crimes, as regulated by Vatican City State laws.

5. When the same matters are prosecuted in other States, the provisions in force in Vatican City
State on concurent jurisdiction shall apply.

6. The content of article 23 of Law No. CXIX of 21 November 1987, which approves the Judicial
Order of Vatican City State remains in force.

This I decide and establish, anything to the contrary notwithstanding.

I establish that this Apostolic Letter issued Motu Proprio will be promulgated by its publication in
 3
L'Osservatore Romano, entering into force on I Septanber20l3.

Given in Rome, at the Apostolic Palace, on 11 July 2018, the first of my Pontificate.

FRANCISCUS

O Copyright - Libreria Editrice Vaticana

 &
The Holy See

MESSAGE OF HIS HOLINESS POPE FRANCIS FOR THE CELEBRATION OF THE WORLD
DAY OF PEACE

1 JANUARY 2015

NO LONGER SLAVES, BUT BROTHERS AND SISTERS

1. At the beginning of this New Year, which we welcome as God's gracious gift to all humanity, I
offer heartfelt wishes of peace to every man and woman, to all the world's peoples and nations, to
heads of state and govemment, and to religious leaders. ln doing so, I pray for an end to wars,
conflicts and the great suffering caused by human agency, by epidemics past and present, and by
the devastation wrought by natural disasters. I pray especially that, on the basis of our common
calling to cooperate with God and all people of good willfor the advancement of harmony and
peace in the world, we may resist the temptation to act in a manner unworthy of our humanity.

ln mv Messaqe for Peace last vear, I spoke of the desire for a full life... which includes a longing
forfraternity which draws us to fellowship with others and enables us to see them not as enemies
or rivals, but as brothers and sisters to be accepted and embraced".f[] Since we are by nature
relational beings, meant to find fulfilment through interpersonal relationships inspired by justice
and love, it is fundamentalfor our human development that our dignity, freedom and autonomy be
acknowledged and respected. Tragically, the growing scourge of man's exploitation by man
gravely damages the life of cornmunion and our calling to forge interpersonal relations marked by
respect, justice and love. This abominable phenomenon, which leads to contempt for the
fundamental rights of others and to the suppression of their freedom and dignity, takes many
forms. I would like briefly to consider these, so that, in the light of God's word, we can consider all
men and women "no longer slaves, but brothers and sisters".

Listening to God's plan for humanity

2. The theme I have chosen for this year's message is drawn from Saint Paul's letter to Philemon,
in which the Apostle asks his co-worker to welcome Onesimus, formerly Philemon's slave, now a
Christian and, therefore, according to Paul, worthy of being considered a brother. The Apostle of
the Gentiles writes: "Perhaps this is why he was parted from you for a while, that you might have
him back for ever, no longer as a slave but more than a slave, as a beloved brother" (w 15-16).
Onesimus became Philemon's brother when he became a Christian. Conversion to Christ, the
beginning of a life lived Christian discipleship, thus constitutes a new birth (cf. 2 Cor 5:17; 1 Pet
1:3) which generates fraternity as the fundamental bond of family life and the basis'of life in
society.

ln the Book of Genesis (d.1:27-28i, we read that God made man male and female, and blessed
them so that they could increase and multiply. He made Adam and Eve parents who, in response
to God's command to be fruitful and multiply, brought about the first fraternity, that of Cain and
Abel. Cain and Abelwere brothers because they came forth from the same womb. Consequently
they had the same origin, nature and dignity as their parents, who were created in the image and
likeness of God.

But fraternity also embraces variety and differences between brothers and sisters, even though
they are linked by birth and are of the same nature and dignity. As brothers and sisters, therefore,
all people are in relation with others, from whom they differ, but with whom they share the same
origin, nature and dignity. ln this way, fraternity constitutes the network of relations essentialfor
the building of the human family created by God.

Tragically, between the first creation recounted in the Book of Genesis and the new birth in Christ
whereby believers become brothers and sisters of the "first-bom among many brethren" (Rom
8:29), there is the negative reality of sin, which often disrupts human fraternity and constantly
disfigures the beauty and nobility of our being brothers and sisters in the one human family. lt
was not only that Cain could not stand Abel; he killed him out of envy and, in so doing, committed
the first fratricide. "Cain's murder of Abel bears tragic witness to his radical rejection of their
vocation to be brothers. Their story (cf. Gen 4:1-16) brings out the difficult task to which all men
and women are called, to live as one, each taking care of the othef'.pl

This was also the case with Noah and his children (cf. Gen 9:18-27). Ham's disrespect for his
father Noah drove Noah to curse his insolent son and to bless the others, those who honoured
him. This created an inequality between brothers born of the same womb.

ln the account of the origins of the human family, the sin of estrangement from God, from the
father figure and from the brother, becomes an expression of the refusal of communion. lt gives
rise to a culture of enslavement (cf. Gen 9:25-27), with all its consequences extending from
generation to generation: rejection of others, their mistreatment, violations of their dignity and
fundamental rights, and institutionalized inequality. Hence, the need for constant conversion to the
Covenant, fulfilled by Jesus' sacrifice on the cross, in the confidence that'\uhere sin increased,
grace abounded allthe more... through Jesus Christ" (Rom 5:20-211. Christ, the beloved Son {cf.
Mt 3:17), came to revealthe Father's love for humanity. Whoever hears the Gospel and responds
to the callto conversion becomes Jesus'"brother, sister and mothef'(Mt 12:50), and thus an
adopted son of his Father (cf. Eph 1:5).

One does not become a Christian, a child of the Father and a brother or sister in Christ, as the
result of an authoritative divine decree, without the exercise of personal freedom: in a word,
without being freely converted to Christ. Becoming a child of God is necessarily linked to
conversion: "Repent, and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the
forgiveness of your sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit" (Acts 2:38). All those
who responded in faith and with their lives to Peter's preaching entered into the fraternity of the
first Christian community (cf, 1 Pet 2:17; Acts 1:15-16,6:3, 15:23): Jews and Greeks, slaves and
free (cf. 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28). Differing origins and social status did not diminish anyone's
dignity or exclude anyone from belonging to the People of God. The Christian community is thus
 3
a place of communion lived in the love shared among brothers and sisters (cf. Rom 12:10: 1

Thess 4:9; Heb 13:1; 1 Petl:22;2Pet1:7'1.

All of this shows how the Good News of Jesus Christ, in whom God makes "all things new" (Rev
21:5),[3] is also capable of redeeming human relationships, including those between slaves and
masters, by shedding light on what both have in common: adoptive sonship and the bond of
brotherhood in Christ. Jesus himself said to his disciples: "No longer do I call you servants, for the
servant does not know what his master is doing; but I have called you friends, for allthat I have
heard from my Father I have made known to you" (Jn 15:15).

The many faces of slavery yesterday and today

3. From time immemorial, different societies have known the phenomenon of man's subjugation
by man. There have been periods of human history in which the institution of slavery was
generally accepted and regulated by law. This legislation dictated who was born free and who was
born into slavery, as well as the conditions whereby a freeborn person could lose his or her
freedom or regain it. ln other words, the law itself admitted that some people were able or required
to be considered the property of other people, at their free disposition. A slave could be bought
and sold, given away or acquired, as if he or she were a commercial product.

Today, as the result of a growth in our awareness, slavery, seen as a crime against humanity,f4]
has been formally abolished throughout the world. The right of each person not to be kept in a
state of slavery or servitude has been recognized in intemational law as inviolable.

Yet, even though the international community has adopted numerous agreements aimed at ending
slavery in all its forms, and has launched various strategies to combat this phenomenon, millions

of people today - children, women and men of all ages - are deprived of freedom and are forced
to live in conditions akin to slavery.

I think of the many men and women labourers, including minors, subjugated in different sectors,
whether formally or informally, in domestic or agriculturalworkplaces, or in the manufacturing or
mining industry; whether in countries where labour regulations failto comply with international
norms and minimum standards, or, equally illegally, in countries which lack legal protection for
workers'rights.

I think also of the living conditions of many migrants who, in their dramatic odyssey, experience
hunger, are deprived of freedom, robbed of their possessions, or undergo physical and sexual
abuse. ln a particular way, I think of those among them who, upon aniving at their destination after
a gruelling journey marked by fear and insecuriff, are detained in at times inhumane conditions. I
think of those among them, who for different social, political and economic reasons, are forced to
live clandestinely. My thoughts also turn to those who, in order to remain within the law, agree to
disgraceful living and working conditions, especially in those cases where the laws of a nation
create or permit a structural dependency of migrant workers on their employers, as, for example,
when the legality of their residency is made dependent on their labour contract. Yes, I am thinking
of "slave labour".

I think also of persons forced into prostitution, many of whom are minors, as well as male and
female sex slaves. I think of women forced into marriage, those sold for arranged marriages and
 4
those bequeathed to relatives of their deceased husbands, without any right to give or withhold
their consent.

Nor can I failto think of allthose persons, minors and adults alike, who are made objects of
trafficking for the sale of organs, for recruitment as soldiers, for begging, for illegal activities
such
as the production and sale of narcotics, or for disguised forms of cross-border adoption.

Finally, I think of all those kidnapped and held captive by terrorist groups, subjected to their
purposes as combatants, or, above all in the case of young girls and women, to be used as sex
slaves. Many of these disappear, while others are sold several times over, tortured, mutilated or
killed.

Some deeper causes of slavery

4. Today, as in the past, slavery is rooted in a notion of the human person which allows him or her
to be treated as an object. Whenever sin conupts the human heart and distances us from our
Creator and our neighbours, the latter are no longer regarded as beings of equal dignity, as
brothers or sisters sharing a common humanity, but rather as objects. Whether by coercion or
deception, or by physical or psychological duress, human persons created in the image and
likeness of God are deprived of their freedom, sold and reduced to being the property of others.
They are treated as means to an end.

Alongside this deeper cause - the rejection of another person's humanity - there are other causes
which help to explain contemporary forms of slavery. Among these, I think in the first place of
poverty, underdevelopment and exclusion, especially when combined with a lack of access to
education or scarce, even non-existent, employment opportunities. Not infrequently, the victims
of
human trafficking and slavery are people who look for a way out of a situation of extreme poverty;
taken in by false promises of employment, they often end up in the hands of criminal networks
which organize human trafficking. These networks are skilled in using modern means of
communication as a way of luring young men and women in various parts of the world.

Another cause of slavery is corruption on the part of people willing to do anything for financial
gain. Slave labour and human trafficking often require the complicity of intermediaries, be they law
enforcement personnel, state officials, or civil and military institutions. "This occurs when money,
and not the human person, is at the centre of an economic system. Yes, the person, made in the
image of God and charged with dominion over all creation, must be at the centre of every social or
economic system. When the person is replaced by mammon, a subversion of values occurs".fSl

Further causes of slavery include armed conflicts, violence, criminal activity and terrorism. Many
people are kidnapped in order to be sold, enlisted as combatants, or sexually exploited, while
others are forced to emigrate, leaving everything behind: their country, home, property, and even
members of their family. They are driven to seek an alternative to these terrible conditions even at
the risk of their personal dignity and their very lives; they risk being drawn into that vicious circle
which makes them prey to misery, corruption and their baneful consequences.

A shared commitment to ending slavery

 5
5. Often, when considering the reality of human trafficking, itlegaltrafficking of migrants and other
acknowledged or unacknowledged forms of slavery, one has the irnpression that they occur within
a context of general indifference.

Sadly, this is largely true. Yet I would like to mention the enormous and often silent efforts which
have been made for many years by religious congregations, especially women's congregations,
to provide support to victims. These institutes work in very difficult situations, dominated at times
by violence, as they work to break the invisible chains binding victims to traffickers and exploiters.
Those chains are made up of a series of links, each composed of clever psychological ploys
which make the victims dependent on their exploiters. This is accomplished by blackmailand
threats made against them and their loved ones, but also by concrete acts such as the
confiscation of their identity documents and physical violence. The activity of religious
congregations is carried out in three main areas: in offering assistance to victims, in working for
their psychologicaland educational rehabilitation, and in efforts to reintegrate them into the society
where they live orfrom which they have come.

This immense task, which calls for courage, patience and perseverance, deserves the
appreciation of the whole Church and society. Yet, of itself, it is not sufficient to end the scourge of
the exploitation of human persons. There is also need for a threefold commitment on the
institutional level: to prevention, to victim protection and to the legal prosecution of perpetrators.
Moreover, since criminal organizations employ global networks to achieve their goals, efforts to
eliminate this phenomenon also demand a common and, indeed, a globaleffort on the part of
various sectors of society.

States must ensure that their own legislation truly respects the dignity of the human person in the
areas of migration, employment, adoption, the movement of businesses offshore and the sale of
items produced by slave labour. There is a need for just laws which are centred on the human
person, uphold fundamental rights and restore those rights when they have been violated. Such
laws should also provide for the rehabilitation of victims, ensure their personal safety, and include
effective means of enforcement which leave no room for corruption or impunity. The role of
women in society must also be recognized, not least through initiatives in the sectors of culture
and social communications.

lntergovernmental organizations, in keeping with the principle of subsidiarity, are called to

coordinate lnitiatives for combating the transnational networks of organized crime which oversee
the trafficking of persons and the illegaltrafficking of migrants. Cooperation is clearly needed at a
number of levels, involving national and international institutions, agencies of civil society and the
world of finance.

Businesses[Ql have a duff to ensure dignified working conditions and adequate salaries for their
employees, but they must alsc be vigilant that forms of subjugation or human trafficking do not
find their way into the distribution chain. Together with the social responsibility of businesses,
there is also the social responsibility of consumers. Every person ought to have the awareness
that
"purchasing is always a moral- and not simply an economic - act".[l

Organizations in civil society, for their part, have the task of awakening consciences and
promoting whatever steps are necessary for combating and uprooting the culture of enslavement.
 6
ln recent years, the Holy See, attentive to the pain of the victims of trafficking and the voice of the
religious congregations which assist them on their path to freedom, has increased its appeals to
the international community for cooperation and collaboration between different agencies in
putting an end to this scourge.f8lMeetings have also been organized to draw attention to the
phenomenon of human trafficking and to facilitate cooperation between various agencies,
including experts from the universities and international organizations, police forces from migrants'
countries of origin, transit, or destination, and representatives of ecclesial groups which work with
victims. lt is my hope that these efforts will continue to expand in years to come.

Globalizing fraternity, not slavery or indifference

*proclamation
6. ln her of the truth of Christ's love in society',[Q] the Church constantly engages in
charitable activities inspired by the truth of the hurnan person. She is charged with showing to all
the path to conversion, which enables us to change the way we see our neighbours, to recognize
in every other person a brother or sister in our human family, and to acknowledge his or her
intrinsic dignity in truth and freedom. This can be clearly seen from the story of Josephine Bakhita,
the saint originally from the Darfur region in Sudan who was kidnapped by slave-traffickers and
sold to brutal masters when she was nine years old. Subsequently - as a result of painful
experiences - she became a "free daughter of God" thanks to her faith, lived in religious
consecration and in service to others, especially the most lowly and helpless. This saint, who lived
at the turn of the twentieth century, is even today an exemplary witness of hopel10] for the many
victims of slavery; she can support the efforts of all those commifted to fighting against this "open
wound on the body of contemporary society, a scourge upon the body of Christ". [111

ln the light of all this, I invite everyone, in accordance with his or her specific role and
responsibilities, to practice acts of fraternity towards those kept in a state of enslavement. Let us
ask ourselves, as individuals and as communities, whether we feel challenged when, in our daily
lives, we meet or deal with persons who could be victims of human trafficking, or when we are
tempted to select items which may well have been produced by exploiting others. Some of us, out
of indifference, or financial reasons, or because we are caught up in our daily concerns, close our
eyes to this. Others, however, decide to do something about it, to join civic associations or to
practice small, everyday gestures - which have so much merit!- such as offering a kind word, a
greeting or a smile. These cost us nothing but they can offer hope, open doors, and change the
life of another person who lives clandestinely; they can also change our own lives with respect to
this reality.

We ought to recognize that we are facing a global phenomenon which exceeds the competence of
any one community or country. ln order to eliminate it, we need a mobilization comparable in size
to that of the phenomenon itself. For this reason I urgently appeal to all men and women of good
will, and all those near or far, including the highest levels of civil institutions, who witness the
scourge of contemporary slavery, not to become accomplices to this evil, not to turn away from
the sufferings of our brothers and sisters, our fellow human beings, who are deprived of their
freedom and dignity. lnstead, may u,e have the courage to touch the suffering flesh of Christ,[121
revealed in the faces of those countless persons whom he calls "the least of these my brethren"
(Mt 25:40, 45).

We know that God will ask each of us: What did you do for your brother? {cf . Gen 4:9-10). The
globalization of indifference, which today burdens the lives of so many of our brothers and sisters,
requires all of us to forge a new worldwide solidarity and fraternity capable of giving them new
hope and helping them to advance with courage amid the problems of our time and the new
horizons which they disclose and which God places in our hands.
 7
From the Vatican, 8 December 2014

FRANCISCUS

t1l No. 1.

IA Messaqe for the 2014 World Day of Peace, 2.

tgl Cf. Apostolic Exhortation Evanqelii Gaudium, 11.

I41 Cf. Address to Delesates of the lnternational Association of Penal Law, 23 October
ZAM; L'Osservatore Romano, 24 Oetober 2A14, p- 4.

El Address to Participants in the World Meetins of Popular Movements, 28 October ZA14:

L'Osservatore Romano, 29 October 2A14,p.7.

El Cf. PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR JUSTICE AND PEACE, Vocation of the Business
Leader: A Reflection, 2013.

A) BENEDICT Xll, Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate, 66.

El Cf. Messaqe to Mr Guv Ryder, Director General of the International Labour Orqanization.
on the occasion of the 103rd Session of the lLO.22 May 2014: L'Osservatore Romano, 29 May
2A14, p.7.

I9l BENEDICT )(\/1, Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate, 5.

I19l Through the knowledge of this hope she was 'redeemed', no longer a slave, but a free
childof God. She understood what Paul meant when he reminded the Ephesians that previously
they were without hope and without God in the world - without hope because without God"
(BENEDICT XVl, Encydical Letter Spe Salvi, 3).

ttll Address to Participants in the Second lntemational Conference on Combatinq Human

Trafficking: Church and Law Enforcement in Partnership, 10 April 2014: L'Osservatore
Romano, 1 1 April 2A1 4, p. 7 ; d. Apostolic Exhortation Evanqelii Gaudium, 27A.

I1A Cf. Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium,24 and27A.

@ Copyright - Libreria Editrice Vaticana

-

-167-

AG/RES. 2888 (XLVr-O/r 6)

AMERICAN DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES

(Adopted at the third plenary session, held on June 15, 2016)

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.

RECALLING the contents of resolution AG/RES. 2867 (XLIV-O114), "l)raft American

Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples," as well as all the previous resolutions on this issue;

RECALLING also the "Declaration on the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples in the
Americas," document AG/DEC. 79 (XLIV-O/l4), which reaffirms that progress in promoting and
effectively protecting the nghts of the indigenous peoples of the Americas is a priority for the
Organization of American States;

RECOGNIZING the valuable suppoft provided by the member states, observer states. the
organs, agencies, and entities of the Organization of American States for the process within the
Working Group to Prepare the Draft American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples;

RECOCNIZING as well the important participation of indigenous peoples of the Americas in

the process of preparing this Declaration; and

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT the signihcant contribution that the indigenous peoples of the
Americas have made to humanity,

RESOLVES:

To adopt the following Draft American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoplesf,a?

1. The United States remains committed to addressing the urgent issues of concem to indigenous peoples
across the Americas, including combating societal discrimination against indigenous peoples and...
2. Canada reiterates its commitment to a renewed relationship with its Indigenous peoples, based on
recogaition of rights, respect, co-operation and partnership. Canada is now fulIy engaged, ...
7
711112017 Gmail - USPS ltem Delivered, To Mail Room for Shipment RE801248612US

ltrl Grnail Veronica Phillips <veep93@gmail.com>

USPS ltem Delivered, To Mail Room for Shipment RE801248612US

1 message

auto-reply@usps.com <auto-reply@usps. com> Tue, Jul 11,2017 at 11:43 AM

To: veep93@gmail.com

#ffilJsPs.fOM Tracking Number: RE80 124861 2US

Hello VERONICA PHILLIPS,

Thank you for using USPS.com.

This is a post-only message. Please do not respond.

VERONICA PHILLIPS has requested that you receive a USPS Tracking@ update, as shown
below.

USPS Tracking@ e-mail update information provided by the U.S. Postal Service.

Tracking Number:

Updated Delivery Date: July '11,2017

Service Type: Registered Mail"

Shipment Activity Location Date & Time With Partner

July ' 2017

Detivered, To Mail Room WASHINGTON, DC 20224 11
11:25 am
July11 2017
Arrived at Unit wASHINGToN, DC 20066 '
12:56 am
Julv 6' 2017
Arrived at USPS Origin Facility SANDSTON, VA 23150 4:07 pm
July 5' 2017
Departed Post office HARRISoNBURG, vA 22802 5:16 pm

USPS in possession of item HARRISONBURG, VA 22802 ji'-?;t"

Reminder: USPS Tracking@ by email

Date of email request: July 8, 2017

Future activity will continue to be emailed for up to 2 weeks from the Date of Request shown above. lf you need to
initiate the USPS Tracking@ by email process again at the end of the 2 weeks, please do so at the USPS Tracking@ site
at
https://mail.google.comlmailluiOl?ui=2&ik=c48ddfffS7&jsver=veUcgTCiZi4.",.'.*r,"*=pt&Q=usp&search=query&th=15d3251cedOcea83&siml= 1 5d3251 .. . 112
 Date Stamp

DO\dNT()FiN HARRISI)NBURi} Beg.Fee *a Gr-!

281 N MASON ST
HARRISONtsURG
VA
22802-4145 Postage {-,' ?E
5140620800
07115i2\fl (800)275 8777 i,!l

Product
$,
Sal e Fi nal
Descri pt1 on UTY Pri ce
Full Valuelffi t1g, [t-1 Lt?

10.5 x 16 1 $2. 15
bubbl e
(Unit Pr ice:$2"19) E
Pt"l 2-Day
(Domest
1 $7"80
i c)
(I{ASHINGTON, I]C 2A221}
:o
(ldeisht :2 Lb 1" 90 0z)
{Expected Del iver,,r Day} i.s E
(Fni day Al/A7/2011t
Regi storecl
(AnrlLiri
t $i2"50
l :1, it.ji.i i,{li o=
(idrl4illiPt [i*:i; i,.ir,:l e,.l l,i.lj i #) -eo LiASHIHGT0H: D{ ?il?'11
( ft[ri{l 1i]iiiil ;tL r:,, ) ^i
Fi
li* lt.ti r'r 1 $z itt U

i<ece i p1
{0@USP5 Returrr Receirrt #) 3806,
( 959il940225806336754740 )
PS Form Recei-rii fdr Rec Copy 1 - Customer
l\/av" 2007 {7530-C2-000-905i ) (See lnfomation on Reverse)
For domestic delivery irrfolmaticn. visit \/ebsile at www.usps.com a
Total $25.21
Creclit Carcl Remitd $2s.24
(Cnrd Nanre:VI$A)
(Account # : XXXXXXXXX)(XX202ri)
(Approval #r195307)
(Transacti*n #:548)

Inclutdes up t0 $50 inslrrarrce

**x*xx***xxx*********xxx*x*xx****xxx**
BRIGHTEN S0ME0NE S Ii1AILBOX. Gr-eetins
card$ avaj Iahle for pllrchase at seject
fost Offi ces.
****)f x******)t**xxx:t********tx*xx*x****
'luxt your tracking nurnber to
28771
(2USP$) to Est tlre Iatest $tatll$.
Standard Message.and Data r6te$ iltdy
appl y. You nay al sr: vi s i t IJSPS. com
USPS Trackins or call 1-800-222-1811