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01AAJMT Aeroelasticity
Ex. 7 - Flutter of the Typical Section - 02/12/2016, 09/12/2016
P is the shear center. C is the center of mass. Q is the aerodynamic center. T is the three-quarter
chord. x = e a. The chord, c, is 2b.
h and are the plunge and pitching degrees of freedom. kh and k are the spring stiffness values. h
and are the uncoupled natural frequencies at zero airspeed. U is the airspeed.
m is the mass of the structure. IP is the moment of inertia with respect to P . IC is the moment of
inertia with respect to C, i.e. IC = IP + mb2 x2 .
Under the assumption of steady aerodynamics, the equations of motion of the typical section are the following:
m(h + bx ) + kh h = L
(1)
IP + mbx h + k = b(1/2 + a)L
With lift, L = 2 bU 2 .
Discarding the aerodynamic contribution L and assuming a simple harmonic solution (h = hexp(it),
p p
= exp(it)), prove that h = Kh /m and = K /IP .
1
Including the aerodynamic contribution and assuming as a solution the exponential h = hexp(t),
= exp(t), rewrite the equation of motion.
where k = b/U is the reduced frequency and C(k) is the Theodorsen function. Assume for the structural
part the exponential solution of the p-method, whereas assume a pure harmonic solution for the aerodynamic
part. Prove that the determinant the pk-Method under the Theodorsen aerodynamics is the following:
p2 + (/V )2 k2 / + 2ikC(k)/ p2 x + k(i + ak) + (2 + ik(1 2a))C(k) /
p2 x + ak2 ik(1 + 2a)C(k) / 8r2 (p2 + 1/V 2 ) + 4i(1 + 2a)(2i k(1 2a))C(k) k(k 4i + 8a(i + ak)) /(8)
(5)
1. Assume: steady aerodynamics, a = 0.3, f = 20 Hz, the density of the air is 1.225 kg/m3 . Compute the
flutter speed and frequency, and the divergence speed. Describe the type of motion via the eigenvalues
at U = 20 m/s, U = 20 m/s, U = 70 m/s, U = 90 m/s.
2
2. Assume: steady aerodynamics, f = 20 Hz, the density of the air is 1.225 kg/m3 . Compute the flutter
speed and frequency for a = 0.1, a = 0.3, a = 0.5, a = 0.7.
3. Assume: steady aerodynamics, a = 0.3, f = 20 Hz. Compute the flutter speed and frequency for the
following air densities: 1.225, 0.8, and 0.5 kg/m3 .
4. Assume: steady aerodynamics, a = 0.3, the density of the air is 1.225 kg/m3 . Compute the flutter
speed and frequency for the following torsional frequencies: f = 5 Hz, f = 10 Hz, f = 15 Hz,
f = 20 Hz, f = 25 Hz.
5. Assume: a = 0.3, f = 20 Hz, the density of the air is 1.225 kg/m3 . Compute the flutter speed and
velocity including h and in the aerodynamics.
6. Assume: a = 0.3, f = 20 Hz, the density of the air is 1.225 kg/m3 . Compute the flutter speed and
velocity including h and in the aerodynamics.
7. Assume: a = 0.3, f = 20 Hz, the density of the air is 1.225 kg/m3 . Compute the flutter speed and
velocity including h and and h and in the aerodynamics.