Public Disclosure Authorized

E863
Volume 2

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA

FEDERAL MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES

NATIONAL URBAN WATER SECTOR REFORM

PROJECT (NUWSRP)
Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized

j,?.,i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Public Disclosure Authorized

a-'''FLE COP
DAM SAFETY MEASURES REPORT
MARCH 2004
 Table of Contents

Paae No.
1.0 Introduction 3
2.0 Record of findings from Dam Inspection of a Sample of the Dams. A
3.0 Recommendations ..14
4.0 Cost Estimates ..17
Appendices:
Annex A: Gantt Chart ..18
Annex B: Reservoir Survey Equipment ..19
Annex C: TORs for Assessment of Sedimentation Strategies for Reserviors ..22

2
1.0 INTRODUCTiON

1.1 Scope of this Report

It is beyond the scope of this report to present details of the existing structural and safety status
of each dam, together with details of the engineering and technical solutions for addressing any
issues of safety. This requirement is part of the recommendations of this report. However, the
scope of this report is to develop a set of actions that are to be implemented as part of the
Nigeria Urban Sector Water Reform Project (NUSWRP) to ensure that the existing dams
supplying raw water to the participating State Water Boards operate safety.

Therefore, the methodology used to determine what these actions should be was based on
reviewing existing Dam Safety literature and other available technical reports from the
participating state water agencies and river basin authorities, interviews of their key technical
staff, followed by site inspections of a representative sample of the Dams in the list contained in
Section 1.8 of this report, viz-a-viz, the Dam Safety Operational Policy 4.37 of the World Bank
and the specific objectives and limitations of the proposed NUWSRP.

The environmental issues associated with these dams and this project is also beyond the scope
of this report and is addressed separately in the Environment and Social Management
Framework (ESMF) for this project.

1.2 Brief Background of the Water Sector In Nigeria

The problems facing the water supply sector in Nigeria are many, characterized by acute
shortage of supply, even though Nigeria is blessed with abundant water resources estimated at
226 billion m3 of surface water and about 40 billion m3 of ground water. One projection of
Nigeria's population estimates that it will reach the level of 338 million by the year 2050. If this
estimate and other country estimates are correct, Nigeria would move from 10th most populous
country in the world to the 4' most populous country in a short span of just under 50 years.

For example, out of the 85 million people living in urban and peri-urban areas, less than half
have reasonable water supply. Many households, often the poorest, end up purchasing water
from private vendors at a much higher charge than from the public supply. Moreover, water
supply services where they exist are unreliable and of low quality and are not sustainable
because of difficulties in management, operation and pricing, and failure to recover costs. Also,
many water supply systems show extensive deterioration and poor utilization of existing
capacities, due to under-maintenance and lack of funds for operations. Additionally, the high
cost of imported equipment especially in terms of a depreciating currency, and inadequate cost
recovery policies have contributed to large financial deficits in many State Water Agencies
(SWA's). This has left most SWA's dependent upon state subventions to finance operations and
maintenance of their water systems, to service debt and to finance new investments.

The Federal Govemment of Nigeria and the states are totally committed to address this
problem. Water has a top priority in the govemment's development agenda, mainly due to the
cross-cutting impact of safe water on health, productivity, and quality of life, with serious
implications for poor and vulnerable communities.

Therefore, the govemment of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is working to address these
problems by recognizing the need to manage the water sector in an integrated and sustainable
3
circumstances fund the construction of new dams, large or small. However, the operations
of the State Water Agencies (SWA's) depend either on the use of existing dams run, operated
and owned by themselves, as in some states or as in other states by the River Basin
Development Authority (RBDA) of that state, for one or a combination of the following functions:

i) as a reservoir
ii) to manage water flow and levels in rivers
iii) provision of raw water to SWA's
iv) Generation of Hydro-Electric power.

1.7 Applicability of the Banks Operational Policy OP 4.37, Safety of Dams

The Bank may finance types of projects that do not include a new dam but will rely on the
performance of an existing dam such as water supply systems that draw directly from a
reservoir controlled by an existing dam, diversion dams or hydraulic structures downstream from
an existing dam, where failure of the upstream dam could cause extensive damage to or failure
of a new Bank-funded structure; and or irrigation or water supply projects that will depend on the
storage and operation of an existing dam. Projects in this category also include operations that
require increases in the capacity of an existing dam, or changes in the characteristics of the
impounded materials, where failure of the existing dam could cause extensive damage to or
failure of the Bank-funded facilities.

Therefore, for participating SWA's that involve the use of existing dams as described above, the
Bank requires that the FMWR arrange for one or more independent dam specialists to:

(a) inspect and evaluate the safety status of the existing dams or their
appurtenances, and its performance history;
(b) review and evaluate the owner's operation and maintenance procedures;
and
(c) provide a written report of findings and recommendations for any remedial
work or safety-related measures necessary to upgrade the existing dams
to an acceptable standard of safety.
The Bank may accept previous assessments of dam safety or recommendations or
improvements needed in the existing dam if the FMWR provides evidence that;

(a) an effective dam safety program is already in operation, and

(b) full-level inspections and dam safety assessments of the existing dam,
which are satisfactory to the Bank, have already been conducted and
documented.

As the state water agencies of the participating states rely on the provision of raw water from
the management of several dams that either supply water directly to their water treatment plant
and/or through controlled releases of water from the dams into the rivers upstream of raw water
intake at the treatment plant, the Banks OP4.37, Safety of Dams, applies to this project.

OP 4.37 Dam Safety requires the Federal Govemment of Nigeria (FRN) to prepare a Dam
Safety Measures Report (i.e. this report) to address safe and sustainable management and
operations of the Dams that will be supplying raw water to the participating state water boards.
OP 4.37 also requires the FRN to include in the Dam Safety Measures report; other Dams
5
supplying raw water to the states that are not being financed in this project by the Bank directly,
but are included in the project anyway, even though they are financed from other (non-bank)
sources.

This report and the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) will be
disclosed as separate and stand alone documents at the World Bank's infoshop and in Nigeria.
The ESMF was disclosed before the project was appraised by the bank and this report will be
disclosed before this project is presented to the Board of the Bank for approval.

1.8 List of Dams in Participating States

KANO STATE

Name of Dam Year Built Height (m) Reservoir (Mm ) SpillwayT

Ado Bayero
Audu Bako -
Baguada 1970 21 22.14 Uncontrolled
Birmin Kudu - 8 2
Bunga - -
Challawa Gorge 1977 40 969 Uncontrolled
Dogwala
Dudurun Gaya -
Garanga
Gari 1980 22 214 Uncontrolled
Gulka _ _ ._
Guzuguzu 1979 17 24.6 Box Culvert
Hajiya Ladi Bako - _ __
Ibrahim Adamu 1974 9 8 Controlled
_ggi
_ - -

Jakara 1976 14 65.2 Uncontrolled

Kafia - _ -
Kafin Chari 1977 16 31.1 Ogee Crest
Kango - 15 8.73 Box Culvert
Kara Chada - _
Kara Duwa - - _
Karaye 1971 15 17.2 Uncontrolled
Katini - - .
Keffin Gana
Kiwia _
Kiyako -
Koreyel
Kunza -

Lower Mareshi -
Magaga 1980 19 t19.7 Uncontrolled
Mareshi 1980 _1 1 6.77_B. Uncontrolled
Marke - -
Misau

6
Mahammadu 1975 16 5.53 Box Culvert
Ayuba
Pada 1980 14 12 Uncontrolled
Ruwan Kanya 1976 22 Uncontrolled
Shimar - ___
Tiga 1975 47 1968 Uncontrolled
Tomas 1976 14 60.3 Box Culvert
Tudun Wada 1977 21 20.8 Uncontrolled
Tukurua - -
Warwade - 10 12.3 Box Culvert
Watari 1980 20 104 Uncontrolled
Yakubu Gowon - ___

Kaduna State
Birnin-Gwari 1975 14 4 Uncontrolled
(Bogoma) _
Kangimi 1977 20 58 Uncontrolled
Zaria 1975 14 15.3 Uncontrolled
Ogun State

Oyan 1183130 = =270 | Gated

Ikere Gorge 1991 50 -|630 |Uncontolled
Plateau State

Yakubu Gowon 1982 35 30 Uncontrolled

Pankshin 1982 29.5 4 Uncontrolled
Langtang 1982 21 4.6 Uncontrolled
Shendam 1984 13 4.5 Uncontrolled
Bokkos 1985 - 0.1 Uncontrolled
Liberty 1972 27 20 Uncontrolled
Kogingiri 1934 8.23 0.1 Uncontrolled
Lamingo 1935 11.28 0.1 Uncontrolled
Tollemarch 1961 7.64 0.1 Uncontrolled

7
2.0 RECORD OF FINDINGS FROM DAM INSPECTION OF A SAMPLE OF THE DAMS.

These dams are water supply earthfill embankmenta dams. The review of the safety of these
dams looked at the following areas;

* Availability of reliable records of Dam operations, rainfall data, as-built drawings, etc.
* Existence of Dam Operational Manuals, and its implementation.
- River Hydrology.
* Factors contributing to release schedule.
* QualHfications and Experience of staff with key technical responsibilities.
Past performance and history of Dams in terms of over- topping, flooding, major and
minor rehabilitation work, particular concems of staff, etc.
* Adequacy of installed instrumentation in terms of reliability, state of disrepair, and
recordings and monitoring.
* Physical condition of the State of Dilapidation/Disrepair observed through visual
inspection only and any remedial work undertaken to address critical concerns such as
erosion, sedimentation, siltation, seepage, etc.
* Availability of an Emergency Preparedness and Response plan.
* Existing status and adequacy of spillways viz-a-viz design assumptions.
* Availability of allocated financial resources/budget.

For example:

* 2.1 In Kano State

Kano is the State with the highest number of dams, however most of the water comes from Tiga
Dam, which is has got the largest storage capacity (about 2 billion m3).

The positive aspects in terms of dam safety are the following:

a) the areas in which the dams are located is of a very low seismicity being part of the
crystalline rocks of the Basement Complex;
b) dam foundations are in the great majority on sound and massive rock formations;
c) most of the dams have uncontrolled, free crest, spillways.

The aspects that require attention and action are:

d) several cases of dam overtopping have occurredb; extreme hydrological events,
maximum floods, need to be re-assessed using the most recent information and
appropriate modifications made to commensurate the discharge capacities to the
assessment's findings;
e) information on design details, including as-built drawings is very poor;
f) instrumentation and monitoring is inadequate, both in terms of facilities, and in terms
of operation;

^ Inthe absence of design drawings it was not possible to confirm whether the dams were homogenous or contain a
core.
b A small dam d/s of Tiga was overtopped and triggered spillway enlargement
at Tiga. Bimin-Gwari and Zaira dam
were overtopped in Kaduna. Mareshi dam was overtopped twice in Kano.
8
 g) deferred maintenance problems are evident at most of the dams, especially the
smaller ones.

Given the above, attention should be given to safety aspects related to: overtopping during
floods, and intemal erosion.

* 2.2 In Kaduna State

2.2.1 The Bogoma (Birnin Gwari) Dam

Bogoma Dam was overtopped in 1992 and in 1994. Following those events the spillway system
was enlarged and completed in 1999. There is very large erosion in progress in the river course,
where the two spillway channels come together. Erosion is progressing fast (5 to 1OnV year)
towards the toe of the dam which is now only 20 m away from the crest of the erosion slope.

It appears that the phenomenon is to be attributed to the hydraulic performance of the waterway
systems. A modification of the layout, based on hydraulic model tests, is critically needed.
Meanwhile, short term measures should be taken to slow erosion down.

There is evidence of extensive sedimentation in the reservoir.

Area downstream of the dam densely populated. Classifying risk according to population d/s is
meaningless, because people are many in any case (certainly more than 1,000, most likely in
excess of 10,000).

2.2.2 Zarla Dam

The Zaria Dam inaugurated in 1975, is located on the Galma River, at a distance of about 1Okm
NNE of Zaria town. The Dam consists of a 550m long earthfill embankment with a maximum
height of about 14m. The service spill way is located on the left abutment and is about 91.5m
long.

The upstream face of the dam is protected with riprap which is in reasonable good condition and
shows no sign of instability. The downstream face is also protected by stone pitching until the
berm which is at about 3m below the crest and below the berm the slope is protected by riprap.
Open concrete drain has been constructed at the toe of the dam and weep holes at regular
intervals allow seepage water to discharge into this drain.

Raw water from the reservoir is pumped from the intake pumping station to the treatment plant.

At the time of inspection the reservoir level was about 0.7 m below spillway level and strong
winds prevailed from the direction of reservoir. The spillway crest and dissipation areas appear
to be in good condition. Hydraulic performance of the works is satisfactory.

Zaria dam was overtopped in 1994 (see Haskoning report of May 1994). That event prompted
the raising of the crest of the dam by 1m and concrete lining of the spillway dissipation area.
Design documents supporting how the decision to raise the Dam height by I m (and not 2m say)
was made are not available.

9
 Lack of maintenance is evident. The drainage ditch along the toe of the dam
is filled with
vegetation and debris resulting in blockage of the drain and seepage pipes.

The Haskoning report (May 1994) reports seepage from two areas of the
dam: near the
maximum height section and close to the right abutment. That report attributes
that seepage to
the foundations. The installation of a couple of piezometers, inside investigation
boreholes with
core recovery in the foundation zone, would serve the double purpose
of checking the
geotechnical characteristics of the foundation (supplemented by surface outcrop
observations),
and of controlling the intemal seepage line in the embankment.

A larger dam is planned upstream of Zaria Dam to supplement flow. That dam
is at the design
stage. It is important to make sure that safety standards (mainly design flood) are
at least equal
to those that will be adopted for the existing dams.

Catchment erosion is severe and reservoir sedimentation is a major concern of

Kaduna SWA,
however, no direct measurements of accumulated sediments are available.

2.2.3 Kangiml Dam

The Kangimi Dam is located on the Kangimi River, at a short distance upstream
confluence with the Kaduna River, some 30km NE of Kaduna Town. The reservoir from its
was built to
supplement discharges in the Kaduna River during periods of low flow in
order to assure
sufficient discharge at the intakes for the Kaduna North and Kaduna South treatment
Water is released through outlet works from the reservoir onto the Kangimi River. plants.

The Dam consists of a 1,31 5m long earthfill embankment with a maximum height
of about 20m.
On the right abutment a 121 .5m long uncontrolled ogee crested service spillway
is located.
The upstream face of the Dam is protected with riprap which is in reasonably
good condition.
The crest of the dam is about 4.5m wide. The downstream face has no protective
includes an approximately 3m wide berm with an open drain, an embedded covering and
pipe drain for
seepage control is located at the toe of the dam.

The Haskoning Report of May 1994 indicates that signs of seepage were
observed
certain parts of the downstream slope. Seepage water was evacuated from those areas along
an open drain which is connected at regular distances with the toe pipe drain. through

The spillway which operates every rainy season is in good condition, with minor
erosion
observed along a couple of joints on the crest. Other than that, conditions of structures signs
indicate
good hydraulic performance of the waterway. Dam crest walked along full length.
No signs of
concentrated seepage along the down stream slope. Upstream slope protection
in good
conditions.

Drainage system along the downstream toe needs complete rehabilitation.

Pits along the
alignment of drainage pipes are silted up, and the pipes themselves are occasionally
full of
debris. A longitudinal ditch, downstream of the drainage system, is obstructed by
earthfill and
dam seepage (quite minor extent observed at the date of inspection) back- waters
drainage pipes and inside a couple of inspection pits. inside the

10
 During the rehabilitation of the drainage
system, measuring devices (V notches
installed at Tiga Dam) should be installed. like those
A few piezometers (at least 3) should be installed
selected areas to monitor the location of in
the
caused that to raise with respect to design internal seepage line. Poor drainage could have
assumptions. Piezometers were never installed
the dam. at

2.3 Ogun State

2.3.1 Oyan Dam
Oyan Dam which is owned and operated
by the Ogun-Osun River Basin Development
was completed in 1983. It is 30m high Authority
with a reservoir capacity of 27OMm3 and
area of approx. 9,000km2 and an embankment a catchment
10,000 years flood is approx. 2.10m high. length of 1044 m. The design free board
It supplies water for irrigation and for domestic at
to the cities of Abeokuta and Lagos. uses

It has a concrete overflow section, gated

(radial gates) spillway, with four bays. The
drainage holes hole are clogged and need relief
gages for monitoring uplift pressures underneathto be re-activated, including installation of pressure
(those at the right and left side) are out of the concrete structure. Two of the four gates
service, with the hoisting cables of one of
needing urgent replacement. The one to these two
the
cables is very uneven and does not allow left needs re-alignment because the load on the
raising. Problems at the control panel are
reported. The two central gates operate satisfactorily. also
electrical motors which are powered by Operation of these gates is assisted by
diesel
generators were not working because of lack generators. At the time of the inspection, the
The operations of the Dam are not connected of fuel and therefore the gates remained closed.
also not function, opening of hence gates to the national grid and hence with the generators
during a tlood would have to be done manually.
would require importing the necessary manpower This
which could take several hours. Once to sight during an emergency, a process
the adequate manpower is on site, it
approximately 4-6hours to open each gate. would take

The dissipation area downstream of the

spillway has never been inspected to check
erosion. There is a 9MW Hydroelectric Power
due technical reasons, including not being plant at the toe of the dam, but it does not possible
connected to the grid. operate

There is an emergency spillway located on

crest level. It is necessary to check the a saddle area at elevation about 1.7m below the
topography of this emergency spillway are
implement suitable land regularization works and to
functions. This is extremely important becauseto ensure, it provides this emergency relief
operation is extremely unreliable. the service spillway is gated and the gate

Three Howell-Bunger valves control releases

require replacement of the motor; they also in the river bed for downstream uses. All of them
need overhaul of the mechanical parts. Butterfly
valves are installed under side of the HB valves.

The installed instrumentafion is inadequate

needs to be rehabilitated and used. There
adjacent to the toe of the embankment is an area
(reportedly more than one year ago). There where seepage is reported to have been observed
pipes. A concrete channel at the toe is full of is no collection system in the form of drainage
debris and clogged by vegetation.
 The site inspection did not reveal any
seepage. There is urgent need to: a) clear
remove debris; b) identify the seepage vegetation and
the effluent, including correlation with area and closely monitor seepage rates and turbidity of
reservoir levels.
2.3.2 Abeokuta Weir

The Abeokuta weir is located some

20km downstream of the Oyan Dam.
openings, is about 11m wide and 9.8m The weir has five
flood events located adjacent to the weir. high. There is an emergency spillway for unforeseen

2.4 Plateau State

All dams in Plateau State are owned
by the State
that none of their dams have been overtopped. Water Corporation (SWC). The SWC report

2.4.1 Yakubu Gowon Dam

The Yakubu Gowon Dam is the largest
dam in Plateau state. It is 35m high and
capacity of 30Mm 3 . The dam was built has a reservoir
intake tower through which water tor water supply to the SWC only. There
is pumped through a pipe that runs is a gravity
embankment directly to the water treatment through the dam
plant.
At the time of the inspection the reservoir
observed. The water in the reservoir level was low and there were no signs of seepage
siltation/sedimentation. There are signs is brown and muddy. There is no monitoring of
The toe drain was blocked with debris.of erosion in certain areas on of the downstream slope.
used. There is no form of record keepingThere are three piezometers, but they are not being
going on at the Dam site. There are
based at the dam site. There is no operations no personnel
drawings. and maintenance plan and there are
no as-built
There is an open crested concrete spillway
structures appear to be in good condition to the left had side of the embankment. The spillway
waterway. There are signs of erosion thereby indicating good hydraulic performance
at the end of the spillway channel. of the
2.4.2 Lamingo Dam

Lamongo Dam serves as an inter-basin

transfer reservoir. The embankment
high and the reservoir capacity is 0.001 dam is about 11 m
Mm 3 .
The Dam is in a desperately unsafe
condition and its collapse if no remedial
imminent. The rap along the bottom action is taken is
practically sheared away from the faceend of the upstream slope has settled so much it has
are fairly large nym trees growing on of the slope and offers no protection of the slope. There
settlement dips and erosion in variousboth sides of the dam. The dam crest has major signs of
about 300m downstream, some fields locations along its length A dam break threatens a road
and power transmission lines.
This Dam needs immediate rehabilitation,
operation of the dam. which should be taken immediately
to ensure safe
2.4.3 Liberty Dam

12
 Uberty dam is 27m high with a reservoir capacity
of 29MM 3 . The liberty dam is similar in design
and operation to the Yakubu Gown dam. The
open
condition thereby indicating good hydraulic performance crested concrete spillway is in good
of the waterway.
There is evidence of siltation in the reservoir which
has
capacity if it continues. There is evidence of vegetative the potential to significantly reduce its
both the upstream and downstream slopes. There and other organic material growth on
the downstream slope. No signs of seepage observed. are also signs of erosion and settlement on
considerably steeper than the upstream slope which The gradient of the downstream slope is
suggests design stability and seepage flow
paths concems.

13
 3.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

Due to current uncertainties about and lack of reliable

records and information on the extent of
the maximum floods throughout the all the entire states
interest of safety must be adopted because there are visited, a prudent approach in the
densely populated areas downstream
most of the dams. Dam break analysis and inundation
Emergency Preparedness Plans prepared accordingly. studies should be carried out and
Such studies should proceed in a
coordinated way in the four states wnth mutual exchange
of information and consultation on
priorities (which dams should be included).
The dams that supply water for urban uses should not
only be safe, but they should be able to
provide that service for an adequate period of time
in the future, in a reliable manner. Water
yield reliability can be severely affected by reservoir
conservation strategies are not in place. For example,sedimentation if adequate reservoir
hydrologically large, i.e. their active capacity is larger the reservoirs in Kano state are
than the average long-term annual run-
offc. This means that their sediment trapping efficiency
is quite high and that water releases for
sediment flushing are not feasible.

3.1 Dam Safety measures to be Implemented in each state:

1. Preparation of construction of drawings showing details

of
behavior (as-built drawings to be updated following each the works and records of past
2. Carrying - out a hydrological review to determine rehabilitation work).
the extent of the floods to be used for
checking dam safety, (e.g. capacity of spillways, size
of reservoirs, release schedules
etc.)
3. Preparation or updating of Operation and Maintenance,
training of staff accordingly. and Surveillance Manuals and
4. Preparation or update Emergency Preparedness
Plans
exist in the detection> decision> notification> warning> making sure that no weak links
response chain.
5. Installation or rehabilitation of instrumentation and
surveillance staff accordingly (Instrumentation Manual).monitoring devices and training of
6. Catch-up with deferred maintenance activities such
as:
plugs should be real fuses, drainage systems full of debris along spillway crests, fuse
vegetation on embankment slopes, etc. debris and vegetation, excessive

3.2 Dam specific measures of a structural nature (repair

and rehabilitation works)
7. Adequate spillway capacities (both service
and emergency) to updated flood
assessments.
8. Bogoma Dam (Kaduna) requires major modification
to spillway and dissipation zone
layout.
9. Marashi Dam (Kano) needs either provision of a
controlled
crest, or crest raising and new spillway (currently undersized overtopping area on the
10. Other 9 dams in Kano (Guzuguzu, Jakara, Kango, box culvert).
Karaye,
Tudun Wada, Warwade) most likely require spillway modification/Magaga, Pada, Tomas,
11. Oyan Dam (Ogun State) requires urgent rehabilation upgrading measures.
works to get all four radial gates
operating again and servicing of mechanical valves.

'Average capacity I run-off ratio is in excess of 1.3; it is 1.65

for Challawa Gorge and 1.86 for Tiga Dams.
14
 12. Lamingo Dam (Plateau State) requires immediate
rehabilitation of the upstream slope to
prevent a catastrophic failure of the dam embankment.
13. Fixing localized erosions on the embankment slopes.

3.3 Storage Conservation

The following actions need to be made to address these

issues:
14. Reservoir Sedimentation Surveys: staff training and
equipment procurement (see Terms
of Reference in annex)
15. Carry out study on Sedimentation trends and
preferred sedimentation management
strategies
16. Elaborate a Storage Conservation Action Plan (preliminary
ToRs in Annex C)
3.4 Recommended actions

Step 1: Individual Dam Specialist

During meetings and site visits it has been noticed
understanding of the actions required to improve reliability that dam operators have a good
first step should be that of facilitating preparation of the headworks. Therefore that the
specifications for further actions that will be undertaken of terms of reference and technical
by a consulting firm and contractors. For
this purpose, the services of an individual dam specialist
address all points (1 to 12) listed above, together with (IDS) should be obtained. The IDS will
preparing terms of reference and tender documents the dam operators, and assist them in
for the procurement of consulting and
contractor services necessary to implement the corresponding
national staff in organizing a workshop (see step activities. The IDS will assist
2) in the very early stages of project
implementation. The IDS will also perform on the job training
of dam staff.
Step 2: Launch Workshop
This workshop wOI have the following objectives: a)
share
the technical staff of the four states; b) disclose project issues and possible solutions among
contractors potentially interested in the tuture bid information to national consultants/
contracts; c) identify priorities and basic
criteria for the next steps.

Step 3: Consulting Services

It is understood that several consulting engineering
firms operate in Nigeria. A consulting firm
(probably a national one) will:
a) carry out activities from 1 to 4 and 14 to 16 (see list above);
b) prepare design and tender documents for the execution
c) supervise construction activities related to b). of activities 5 to 13d;

Steo 4: Rehabilitation Works

A contractor, preferably in association with an instrumentation
selected ior executing the works associated with activities equipment supplier, will be
5 to 1is.

d Activities 6 (Deferred maintenance) and 13 (Erosion zones on embankment

directly by the SWA. slopes) will probably be carried out
' Activities 6 (Deferred maintenance) and 11 (Erosion zones
on embankment slopes) will probably be carried out
directly by the SWA.

15
 It must be pointed out that no provision has been made for implementing any sedimentation
management measures that would be recommended in 16 (Storage Conservation Action Plan).
Any action thereof should be contemplated in a separate operation or re-considered during mid
term review of the project.

16
4.0 COSTS ESTIMATE

Table 1: Cost Estimate of Dam Safety-related measures

Cost
DescripUon Assumptions (US$)
International consultant to complete dam Fees 30k; travel and
safety surveys, estimate costs, and prepare accomodation 10k
ToRs. 40,000
Launch workshop Sum 35,000
Consulting firm (national?) to reconstruct as- National consulting firm;
built dwgs, train staff (O&M, surveillance, 400k$ fees; 50k$
instrumentation & monitoring, EPPs, investigations and lab tests
sedimentation surveys), prepare tender
documents of rehabilitation works, propose
storage conservation action plans, assist
GON in contractor selection. 450,000
Equipment for bathymetric surveys of ToRs in Annex B
reservoirs 15,000
Contractor, in joint venture with an Equipment supply
equipment supplier, implements (instruments, electrical
rehabilitation works, instrument installation. control panels, valves, etc.)
at several dams 1,000,000
Bogoma Dam, modification to spillway and
dissipation zone layout. 2,000,000
Marashi Dam (Kano) either provision of a
controDled overtopping area on the crest, or
crest raising and new spillway. 500,000
Other 9 dams in Kano (Guzuguzu, Jakara, 2,000,000
Kango, Karaye, Magaga, Pada, Tomas, to
Tudun Wada, Warwade) most likely require 4,000,000
spillway modification/ upgrading measures.
Lamingo Dam, urgent rehabilitation of 300,000
upstream slope.

Consulting firm supervises construction 3 person @ 3k$/m for 3

activities and carries out further staff training years; plus expenses
(O&M manuals, and EPPs finalization) 560,000

Total 6.9 to 8.9 MUS$

B. Sedimentation survey equipment - ToRs

C. Storage conservationstudy - ToRs

17
Annex A:

The following Gantt diagram provides an overview of the activities and the expected durations.
Nigera Urban Water Reform PrOject - Dam Managenwfnt Aspects -Action Plan
duration preparation year 1 2 3 4 5 6
Action Descriptin (montihs)
GON recrmits iterational consultant (indwa) 11
1 Launch Workshop
2 Irternatiowal consultant to complete dam safety surveys,
estimate costs, and prepare ToRs. 2 Cj
GON procures consutng servicas (natina/?) for acffons 3.
4,5and6 4
3 Consulting firm to reconstruct as-built dwgs, Irain staff (O&M.
suIvelIlance, instrunentation &monitoring, EPPs,
sedinentation surveys), prepare tender documents of
rehablitation works, propoe storage conservation acHon
plans, assist GON In contractor selection 9
GON procures contractor (national?) for action 3 4
4 Contractor, Injoint venture with an International equipment
supplier, Implements rehabilitation works. instrument
installaon; 24
5 Contsultng finm supervses constructon works and carries
out further staff training (O&M manuals, and EPPs
finallation). 24

A cost estimate of the activities that are necessary to address the dam safety aspects
project is contained in table 1 below. The estimates will have to be refined during steps of the
1, 2
3, but are considered adequate for preliminary budget purposes. The largest uncertaintyand
related to the construction works for which a range is provided. A provision of US$7.5 is
should be included in the project budget to address dam safety related measures. million

18
 Annex B:

Description of Goods: Reservoir survey equipment (Sample for Information

only)
Technical Details

1. General Requirements

Equipment should be certified and conform to intemational standards. Equipment

should be low
power consumption, portability, ease to use, rugged construction, built-in
communication
interfaces for navigation/data logging devices. Logging of bathymetric and navigation
data may
be done with a separate computer and a software program.

- The GPS (General Positioning System) shall be with the high accuracy, dual station
GPS
(base station and field station) capable of providing X,Y,Z coordinates with an error
position not exceeding +/- 0.5 meters. of
- The echosounders shall be capable of providing depth reading in the range of 0 to
550 m, if
necessary two echosounders can be proposed covering the 0-1 Om and 100-550
m range;
- The full integration of the GPS and Echosounding equipment;
- The Supplier shall be able to provide training.

Equipment will be used for reservoir bed surveys to determine the volume and disposition
sediments within the reservoir, which can have a major bearing on the both dam of
safety and
reservoir management. The GPS equipment will be also used for terrestrial survey.

Sediment volumes will be calculated from the bathymetric data, on the basis
of previous
bathymetric or topographic survey data of the site under investigation. Should
topographic surveys be inadequate, the sub-bottom profiling (SBP) technique will previous
be used to
provide the necessary data to calculate sediment volurne without having prior information
reservoir. on the
The SBP system for mapping sediment thickness should be relatively small, simple
to operate
and well built. Depending on the nature of the sediment the system should be able
to achieve 5
to 30 meters of subsurface penetration. A data acquisitlon system for acquiring navigation
SBP data should also be considered. and

19
 2. Technical Specifications (Sample for information only)

DESCRIPTION Unit Price Total

amount
Quantity CIP
1
-~
_2 _ )3 4 5
I. GPS receiver, including: 1
1.2 12 channel base station

1.3 Field station

1.4 Controls, through display unit processor

1.5 Antenna, integral in display unit

1.6 Data output, NMEA through the port

1.7 Differcntial, FM broadcast decoder

1.8 Display, status and position on LCD panel

1.9 Frequency up to 40 kHz

1.10 AU necessary accessories and software for the above 2

2. Echosounder with carrying case, induding:

2.1 Dual frequency, 200 kHz

2.2 Transducer, 200 kHz

2.3 Depth range, 0.0 to 50 metres

2.4 Depth range, 50 to 100 metres (optional)

2.5 Accuracy, +/- 2% of total water depth

2.6 Sounding rate

2.7 Controls, Draftt Sound velocity

2.8 Gain control, fully automatic

2.9 Output, NMEA or ODOM format

2.10 All necessary accessories (including mounting bars), software,

20
 etc.

3. Spare Parts Required

The Supplier is requested to provide a priced list of spare parts, which will be included in the bid
The list should be comprehensive and cover a contingency requirement for at least the three five price.
years of
operation following installing and start up of equipment. The Purchaser will select spare parts
list for inclusion in an eventual Contract. from this

In this document the term spare parts refers to those items that require replacing due
to excessive
wear and/or damage of some kind.

4. Manuals
The Supplier is requested to furnish a detailed operations and maintenance manual for each appropriate
unit of Supplied Goods in English;

5. Warranty Oblieations

The warranty period shall be 12 months after the Goods have been delivered to and
accepted by
the Purchase at the final destination indicated in the Contract. The period
for correction of
defects in the warranty period is three (3) months. The Goods for which warranty
repairs or
replacements have been made shall remain under warranty for a period of one (1)
year, but not
more than six (6) months beyond the expiry of the contractual warranty period.

6. Manufacturer's Authorization

Agents are requested to subrnit Manufacturer's Authorization for Goods to be supplied.

Photos

, ~ ~
~ .. .~. ..

21
Staff training on use of reservoir | Data processingand storage equipment
survey equipment l
Annex C:

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR ASSESSMENT OF

SEDIMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR
RESERVOIRS

Objective

The objective of the project is to assess the feasibility of implementing

a life-cycle management
approach to manage the reservoir (system of reservoirs) identified
in the Appendix. The life
cycle management approach aims at identifying and implementing
management strategies that
will ensure the sustainable long-term use of the developed
resource(s). The basic concept is
illustrated in the figure below, and is expanded on in Palmieri
et al. (2003).

Extenal EXernal
-Envlranmentel- Promj Focus- - Socletal
Concers Ccvcenm

a tibcFh_ c wSa,Ntim
Mm-~~--

4,
A4_
U
MW - - wI
....s,. .i,
=_p
" ,
+ - teeabo4K' mmua
X~~~D=
Id 1 0__ u2[ .d IM
Imp..Im B

CIO >," u Fllb

[*wlli_ b IW^II~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~2

 Data Collection
. Hydrology - Hydrologic data required
include mean annual inflow into the
variation of the annual inflow, and
a representative average water temperaturereservoir,
reservoir. This data can be obtained in the
from hydrology records and operating
reservoir and catchment. records for the

* Sediment - Sediment inflow data required

distributions of suspended sediment and include annual sediment inflow and
grain size
been collected historically bathymetric bedload. If sediment discharge / yield data has
not
these values. When following this re-surveys of the reservoirs can be used to estimate
approach the consultant should establish
values for deposited sediment density reasonable
defensible estimates of sediment yield and reservoir trap efficiency and use these to make
from the catchment.
* Volume of Deposited Sediment - obtain
reservoir to determine the volume of records of re-surveys previously conducted
deposited sediment in existing reservoirs. at the
does not exist, make estimates of what If such data
of sediment transport data, if available. the potential reservoir loss could be by making use
can be surveyed by making use of modem Altematively the volume of sediment in the
echo-sounding and DGPS equipment. reservoir

Report
Prepare a report describing the approach,
analysis results, and conclusions. Make reservoir setting, data collected, analysis
recommendations and
be managed in a sustainable manner as to whether the reservoir(s) can
and what additional
accomplish this. Terms of reference of such additionalinvestigative work is required to
corresponding cost estimate, should investigative works, and the
be enclosed to the report.
The report should provide the decision
making
storage loss trends and of the improvements entity with a clear, concise picture of the current
strategy can introduce. Costs associated that the proposed sedimentation management
should be shown in the form of an action with the proposed strategy, along with its benefits
plan using a format similar to the one
below.

RESERVOIR CONSERVATION ACTION

PLAN tylAcal format
Time (vears)
|5 | 10 I tI5 20 | 25 30 1 35 i 40 | 45 | 50
100
70
I|Past loss rate I 0[edwntManawment,Acjon anA

,6 30 tStatus guo
"'-*
10 |forecast troenjd
i 5 | t0 | 1S 20 | 25 | 30 35 |40 | 45 1 50
Financial Plan for Profile A T
23

Financial Plan for Profile B

-