التحليل الاحصائي

SPSS
2006-2007
1

spss
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Type of Data :

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Qualitative or Categorical Data : -1
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(5 ) (4) (3) (2) ((1
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Quantitative or Numerical Data -2

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Non-random sampling
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Accidental samples .1

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Random sampling

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-1 Sample random sampling

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-3 Stratified random sampling

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: Collecting Data :
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Personal Interview -1

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Direct Observation -2

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-3 Questionnaire

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.SPSS
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SPSS ) (
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SPSS
SPSS
" " " "Start " " Programs
" " SPSS for windows " " SPSS 11.0
): (Data Editor

. ) (Case

....
10
) ( Variable
. ).(Cell

) (Data View
) ( Variable View
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.
11

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open
Save
Print

Dialog Recall
Undo
Redo
Goto Chart
) ( Goto Case
Variable
Find
Insert Case
Insert Variable
Split File
Weight Cases
Select Cases
) ( ) ( Value Labels
Use Sets
12
spss

View
Toolbars
Data Editor
. Large Buttons

New Toolbar :
13
barakat customize
:
Categories Items

Customizing Toolbar barakat
barakat :
5 10-5 5 :

1
2
3
14
- :
: :

2 1
::
10-5
10 5

3 2 1

: :

1 2 3 4 5
: q3, q2, q1
* Variable View
" SPSS 11.0 :"SPSS 8.0
Name Type
Lable
:
15
:
Name " "
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Type
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Numeric SPSS
Width 8 8 Decimal Places 2

Width Decimal

-:
16
Comma

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. 545,445,555.000
- Dot
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. 545.445.555,000
Scientific Notation
) (E )(10 4.51 10
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4.51E2
Date

mm/ dd/ yy
mm dd yy . . 05/06/99
Dollar

$ ) (1000
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17
:
505,487.14,$
: Custom Currencey

:
- Edit Options
Currency All Values " Suffix
" Negative Values " " -
Suffix .
18
454.000 - : .
: String
:
Characters
a . A
19
:
) (variable Label ) (Values

) (Value Labels Label Variable
View " ".
Values :
1 Value Value Label Add
" 2 Value "

Value Label . Add
- :
Value (Value Label
Change .
20
:
Remove .
:

SPSS
:

"
) " (System Missing Values

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"

" User Missing Values
Missing " "
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:
No missing values
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21
Discrete missing values

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Range of missing values

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Range plus one discrete missing value

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) (Column width )
(Text Format
Column Align .
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Measure
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10 . SPSS
22
5 10-5 5 :

1
2
3
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2 1
::
5 10-5 10

3 2 1
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23

1 2 3 4 5
: q3, q2, q1
24
.2
.3

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q1, q2, q3 :
:
- Compute Transform :
25
- Target Variable
sum1 .
- Numeric Expression q1+q2+q3

Numeric Expression
- Type&Lable
:
- Label Continue
Ok :
26
:1
SUM
Functions Numeric
) sum(q1 to q3 )Expression sum(q1,q2,q3

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:2

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)sum.2(q1 to q3

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:3 Compute Variable
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27
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Transform Compute )Compute
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Functions Numeric Expression
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Target Variable Ok
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: 5
If :
:Include if case satisfied condition
= 1 5
1 ....
28
Continue Compute Variable
If ... Ok ""

5 .
29
-
5 10
Compute Variable: if Cases :
= &1= 2 = and 1=2
and
* 5 10
:
= 1 = 2 = or 1=2
: 5
: 5 .

Data Select Cases
:
30
:
Select If condition is satisfied If
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= 1 Continue
31
Select Cases Unselected Cases
Are
: Filtered
$_filter ) 1 (Selected ) 0 Not
(Selected " " /
. All
Cases . Select
:Deleted
.
Filtered Ok :
32
Deleted Unselected Cases :
:
- Data Select Cases Select Cases
Random sample of cases Select
Sample :
Approximately
60 %60
. Exactly n
6 Exactly 10
6 10.
.Exactly Continue Ok
:
33

Select Cases Based
on time or case range :
3 First Cases 7 Last Cases

.

Use Filter Variable

Ok .
Templates
34

[ ) (5 ) (4)(3
) (2 ) ](1
:
.1
. Variable View
q3 .2

. Copy
q3 .3
Edit Past Variable

:
-4 4
Number of new variables New variable
names q
4
). 4 q4 .Ok
35
Saving Data
.1 Save As File
:
.2 Save In " "

File Name " "
SPSS*.sav Save as type .
.Save
SPSS Exit SPSS . File .4

File Open Data . .1
: .Open .2
36
Delete
Edit Copy
Edit . Past
)( Insert Variable
. .1
) Insert Variable .2
( Var00001
) ( Insert Cases
.1 .
) Insert Case
( .
Go To Case
.1 Go To Case Data Go To Case

37
Finding Values
.1 ) (q3
.1q
.2 Edit Find :
.3 4 Find what
Exporting and Importing

SPSS
Excel Access ) ( .

Excel ) Access ( .
Exporting Data
SPSS Excel Save As .1
File :
38
Save as type Excel *.xls .2
Excel " " File

.name .Save
Excel Open .3
"".
Importing Data
Excel SPSS
:
.1 SPSS Open File
File of Type
SPSS Excel*.xls
.2 .Ok
Creating charts
39

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.

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:
" _ " " _ "
Numeric :
:

.1
)(Summaries for groups of cases
: .
.1: Graphs Bar :
40
.2 Simple
.3 Data in Chart Are Summaries for groups of cases
.4 Define :
.5 Bars Represent Other summary function

.6 "_ "
Variable Mean

Change Summary .
41
.7 " "
Category Axis .
.8 Titles :
. Continue Ok
:
42
.4
.9
Chart Window
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43
.10 ) T (Text
Text Styles Arabic
Transparent 12
. Apply .
.11
Center :
. 12

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.13 Close File :
44
: .
.1: ) Clustered (
Simple Summaries of separate variables .
45
.3 Define :
.4 " _ " " _ " Bars

Represent " " Category Axis .Ok
.5 .
46
600
500
Mean
400

300

:
: Bar Chart Simple Dada in
chart are Summaries of separate variable Define
:
47
" _ " " _ Bars
Represent Ok :
540
529
520
500
M ean
480
460
452
440

48
)(Clustered Bar Charts
:
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" "
) (category Variable
" "
Graphs Bar : .1
49
.2 Clustered Data in Chart Are
Summaries for groups of cases Define :
.3 " _ " Variable " "

Category Axis " " Define
Clustered by Ok )Chart
(Carousel Chart Window

:
50
600
500
Mean
507
493

400
400
385
5
350
10-5
300 10

:
:

10 7 5
.1 ) (Data Editor "

_ " " " " " " "
.
51
.2 Graphs Bar :
.3 Simple
Data in Chart Are Values
of individual cases
Define :
.4 : " Bar Represent

Gategory Lables Variable " _ "
Variable Ok
.5 Chart Carousel
Chart Windows .
Chart Windows . Chart Carousel
52
11
10
10
9
Value
7
7
5
5
: :
.1 Graph Pie :
Values of individual cases Define .3

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53
" " Slices Represent .4
Variable Slice Labels "
_ " Variable Ok

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54

.5
Chart Window
:
.6

) ( Value
Percents .
Format : .7
55
.8
Position Outside
Continue Ok :

5.00 / 22.7%

10.00 / 45.5%

7.00 / 31.8%
56

:
:
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Graph Scatter : .1
Simple Define : .2
57
.3
.3
.3
.3
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.3
.3
.3
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"_ " Y Axis _ "
X Axis Ok :
700
600

500
400
300
400 500 600 700
:

.4
- Chart Options :
58
Total File Options .5
:
Linear regression Continue OK .6

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59
700
600
500

400
300
400 500 600 700
60

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5
5 10

:
.1 Analyze Report OLAP Cubes
:
.2
) Summary Variable(s " _" "
_ " )Grouping Variable (s
61
" " " " .
...Statistics : .4
Mean
Standard Deviation Minimum Maximum
Sum Number of Cases
62
Cell Statistics Continue
. OLAPS Cubes
Title : .5
Continue Ok
:
OLAP Cubes
Case Processing Summary
Cases
IncTotaluded ExcTotaluded TotaTotal
N Percent N Percent N Percent
*
10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%
*
*
10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%
*
OLAP Cubes
TotaTotal :
TotaTotal :
Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum Sum N
63
$452.00 $75.836 $350 $600 $4,520 10
$529.00 $66.072 $440 $650 $5,290 10
.6 $450
.
$529

:
.7
" " :

$380.00
.8
.8
.8
.8
.8
.8
.8
.8
.8

" 5 " :
64
" " " 5 "
. $385
Crosstabulations

) (
) (Categorical Variables
.
) . (two-way crostabulation
) (multi-way crostabulation
Analyze Descriptive Statistics .1
Crosstabs Crosstabs
65
66
.2 " " ) Row(s " "
) Column(s Display clustered bar
charts Cells :
67
.3 Row Column
. Percentage Continue Ok :
Crosstabs
Cases
VaTotalid Missing TotaTotal
* 10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%
* Crosstabulation

5 10 10-5 TotaTotal
Count 2 1 1 4
% within 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% 100.0%
% within 100.0% 25.0% 25.0% 40.0%
Count 3 3 6
% within 50.0% 50.0% 100.0%
% within 75.0% 75.0% 60.0%
TotaTotal Count 2 4 4 10
% within 20.0% 40.0% 40.0% 100.0%
% within 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
68
3.5
3.0
2.5

2.0

1.5
5
1.0 10-5
.5 10

.4
" " " 5" 2
5 %50
5
%50 %100
5 %100
.
.5 .
" " :
69
) (Multi-way crosstabulation
.1 Descriptive statistics Analyze

Crosstabs :
: 2.
Crosstabs
Cases
* * 10 100.0% 0 .0% 10 100.0%
70
* * Crosstabulation

10 10-5 5 TotaTotal
Count 1 1
% within 100.0% 100.0%
% within 100.0% 16.7%
Count 3 2 5
% within 60.0% 40.0% 100.0%
% within 100.0% 100.0% 83.3%
% within 16.7% 50.0% 33.3% 100.0%
% within 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Count 1 1 1 3
% within 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 100.0%
% within 100.0% 100.0% 50.0% 75.0%
Count 1 1
% within 100.0% 100.0%
% within 50.0% 25.0%
% within 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 100.0%
% within 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
=
3.5
3.0
2.5

2.0

1.5 5
1.0 10-5
.5 10

71
=
1.1
1.0
.9
.8

.7 5
.6 10-5
.5 10

.5
.1 )(Central Tendency
mean .
Median %50 .
Mode .
.2 Dispersion
Slandered Deviation
.
Variance
Range .
Minimum
Maximum
S.E.mean
.
72
.3 Distribution
: Skew ness

.
.
.
: Kurtosis
.

.
Quartiles
) Percentile(s
Frequencies
AnaTotalyze Descriptive Statistics .1
Frequencies :
73
Statistics : .2
Continue .3
: Charts :
74
Histograms With normaTotal carve .4
Continue Frequency Ok
:
Frequencies
75
Statistics

N VaTotalid 10 10
Missing 0 0
Mean $452.00 $529.00
Std. Error of Mean $23.981 $20.894
Median $455.00 $520.00
Mode $400 $500
Std. Deviation $75.836 $66.072
Variance $5,751.111 $4,365.556
Skewness .567 .435
Std. Error of Skewness .687 .687
Kurtosis .113 -.351
Std. Error of Kurtosis 1.334 1.334
Range $250 $210
Minimum $350 $440
Maximum $600 $650
Sum $4,520 $5,290
PercentiTotales 10 $352.00 $441.00
20 $376.00 $458.00
25 $392.50 $480.00
30 $400.00 $493.00
40 $420.00 $500.00
50 $455.00 $520.00
60 $466.00 $546.00
70 $491.00 $564.00
75 $505.00 $577.50
80 $516.00 $594.00
90 $592.00 $645.00
Frequency Table

CumuTotalative
Frequency Percent VaTotalid Percent Percent
VaTotalid $350 1 10.0 10.0 10.0
$370 1 10.0 10.0 20.0
$400 2 20.0 20.0 40.0
$450 1 10.0 10.0 50.0
$460 1 10.0 10.0 60.0
$470 1 10.0 10.0 70.0
$500 1 10.0 10.0 80.0
$520 1 10.0 10.0 90.0
$600 1 10.0 10.0 100.0
TotaTotal 10 100.0 100.0
76

CumuTotalative
Frequency Percent VaTotalid Percent Percent
VaTotalid $440 1 10.0 10.0 10.0
$450 1 10.0 10.0 20.0
$490 1 10.0 10.0 30.0
$500 2 20.0 20.0 50.0
$540 1 10.0 10.0 60.0
$550 1 10.0 10.0 70.0
$570 1 10.0 10.0 80.0
$600 1 10.0 10.0 90.0
$650 1 10.0 10.0 100.0
TotaTotal 10 100.0 100.0
Histogram

3.5
3.0
2.5
Frequency
2.0
1.5
1.0
Std. Dev = 75.84

.5
Mean = 452.0
0.0 N = 10.00
350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0
77

3.5
3.0
2.5
Frequency
2.0
1.5
1.0
Std. Dev = 66.07

.5
Mean = 529.0
0.0 N = 10.00
450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 650.0
475.0 525.0 575.0 625.0
Descriptive

.1 AnaTotalyze Descriptive Statistics
Descriptives :
78
.2 " _" " _" ). VariabTotale(s
.3 Option :
Continue .5
. Descriptives
Save standardized vaTotalues as variabTotales .6
) ( Ok :
Descriptives
Descriptive Statistics
N Mean Std. Skewness

Statistic Statistic Deviation
Statistic Statistic Std. Error
10 $452.00 $75.836 .567 .687
10 $529.00 $66.072 .435 .687
)VaTotalid N (Totalistwise 10
79
x
x z

.7
x x
:
) Explore (

:
.1 AnaTotalyze Descriptive Statistics
ExpTotalore :
80
.2 " _ " Dependent List
" " ) Factor List
DispTotalay Both Statistics PTotalots
(Both
Statistics :
( ) M-Estimators .3 ) Descriptive
( OutTotaliers
)

( ) PercentiTotales
Continue .ExpTotalore
.4 PTotalots :
81
.5 Factor TotaleveTotal together Descriptive
Stem-and-Totaleaf Histogram Continue
ExpTotalore Ok :
Explore
:
:
.
Cases
6 100.0% 0 .0% 6 100.0%
4 100.0% 0 .0% 4 100.0%
. :
Confidence interval for mean 95%
%95
.
Trimmed Mean 5%
%5 %5
.
Interquartile Range
.
82
Descriptives
Statistic Std. Error

Mean $488.33 $28.097
95% Confidence Lower Bound $416.11
IntervaTotal for Mean Upper Bound
$560.56
5% Trimmed Mean $487.04

Median $480.00
Variance 4736.667
Std. Deviation $68.823
Minimum $400
Maximum $600
Range $200
InterquartiTotale Range $102.50
Skewness .605 .845
Kurtosis .620 1.741
Mean $397.50 $26.260
95% Confidence Lower Bound $313.93
IntervaTotal for Mean Upper Bound
$481.07
5% Trimmed Mean $396.11

Median $385.00
Variance 2758.333
Std. Deviation $52.520
Minimum $350
Maximum $470
Range $120
InterquartiTotale Range $97.50
Skewness 1.165 1.014
Kurtosis 1.085 2.619
:
.
M-Estimators
Huber's Tukey's HampeTotal's Andrews'

a b c d
M-Estimator Biweight M-Estimator Wave

$482.01 $475.72 $481.85 $475.63
$385.00 $380.06 $387.45 $380.00
a. The weighting constant is 1.339.
b. The weighting constant is 4.685.
c. The weighting constants are 1.700, 3.400, and 8.500
d. The weighting constant is 1.340*pi.
83
:
Percentiles
PercentiTotales
5 10 25 50 75 90 95
Weighted $400.00 $400.00 $437.50 $480.00 $540.00 . .
)Average(Definition 1 $350.00 $350.00 $355.00 $385.00 $452.50 . .
Tukey's Hinges $450.00 $480.00 $520.00
$360.00 $385.00 $435.00
:
Extreme Valuesa
Case Number VaTotalue

Highest 1 10 $600
2 9 $520
3 5 $500
Lowest 1 1 $400
2 6 $450
3 7 $460
Highest 1 8 $470
2 4 $400
Lowest 1 2 $350
2 3 $370
a. The requested number of extreme vaTotalues exceeds the number of
data points. A smaTotalTotaler number of extremes is dispTotalayed.

:

Histogram
= For
2.5
2.0
1.5

1.0
.5 Std. Dev = 68.82

Mean = 488.3
0.0 N = 6.00
400.0 450.0 500.0 550.0 600.0
84
Histogram
= For
1.2
1.0
.8

.6
.4
Std. Dev = 52.52

.2
Mean = 397.5
0.0 N = 4.00
350.0 375.0 400.0 425.0 450.0 475.0
Stem-and-Leaf Plots
Stem-and-Leaf Plot for
=
Frequency & Stem Leaf
3.00 4 . 056
2.00 5 . 02
1.00 6 . 0
Stem width: 100

Each leaf: )1 case(s
85
Stem-and-Leaf Plot for
=
Frequency & Stem Leaf
.00 3 .
2.00 3 . 57
1.00 4 . 0
1.00 4 . 7
Stem width: 100

Each leaf: )1 case(s
:
stem
Leaf . Stem width
:
0 4
5 .9

.
= ) 0.1 + (

5 3
:
:
100
:
= )350 = 100 (5 0.1 + 3
86
Box Plot

:
700
680
660
640
620
600
580
560

540
520
500
480
460
440
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
=N 6 4

.1 ) (

.2) 25 (
) (.
.3 ) 75 (
) (.
%50
.
.4

87

.5

.6

) :(extremes
) 3 (
) * (
) :(outliers
) 1.5 (
) .( o
:
:
.1 .
.2
.
.3
.

.1 $470
.2 $350
.3 %355
.4 ) ( $385
.5 $452
.6 .
.7 .
88

Correlation

...
r
1 . 1
1
1-
.
.
.
:
.1 )(Pearson
:

.2 ) : (Spearman
)
( ) 8 5
8 5(
.
.3 ) : (Kandell,s tau
.
89
.4 ) : (Phi
) ( ) (.
.5 ) : (Cramers

) ( ) (

_ :
Utilities File Info

:
:
90
File Information
List of variables on the working file
Position Name

1
Measurement Level: Nominal
Column Width: 8 Alignment: Center
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8
Value Label
1
2

2
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8
Value Label
1
2

3
Measurement Level: Scale
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8

4
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8

5
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8
91

6
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8

7
Print Format: F8
Write Format: F8

"

:
.1 Analyze
Correlate
Bivariate
:
:
92
.2 " " " "
Variables

.3

Flag significant

correlations ""

.
Ok : .4
Correlations
Correlations

Pearson CorreTotalation 1 **.959
)Sig. (2-taiTotaled . .000
N 10 10
Pearson CorreTotalation **.959 1
)Sig. (2-taiTotaled .000 .
N 10 10
**. CorreTotalation is significant at the 0.01 TotaleveTotal
(2-taiTotaled).
.5
tailed Significance = 0.000.2 .05
r 0.959
.
93

Variables
Bivariate Correlations :
Ok :
94
Correlations
Correlations

Pearson CorreTotalation 1 .959** .780** .833**
Sig. (2-taiTotaled) . .000 .008 .003
N 10 10 10 10
Pearson CorreTotalation .959** 1 .746* .811**
Sig. (2-taiTotaled) .000 . .013 .004
N 10 10 10 10
Pearson CorreTotalation .780** .746* 1 .890**
Sig. (2-taiTotaled) .008 .013 . .001
N 10 10 10 10
Pearson CorreTotalation .833** .811** .890** 1
Sig. (2-taiTotaled) .003 .004 .001 .
N 10 10 10 10
**. CorreTotalation is significant at the 0.01 TotaleveTotal (2-taiTotaled).
*. CorreTotalation is significant at the 0.05 TotaleveTotal (2-taiTotaled).

0.05 0.01
Scatter Plot
:
Scatterplot Scatter Graphs .1
:
: Mtrix Define Mtrix .2
95
Matrix Variables Ok .3
:
96
:
: :
"
"
Analyze Correlate
Partial :
" " " " Variables "
" . :Controlling for Ok
:
Partial Correlation
97
_
- - - P A R T I A L C O R R E L A T I O N C O E F F I C
I E N T S - - -
Controlling for..
0.9588 1.0000
P= .000 P= .
1.0000 0.9588
p=0.000 p=.
)(Coefficient / (D.F.) / 2-tailed Significance
" . " is printed if a coefficient cannot be computed

tailed significance = 0.000 -2 0.05
.
:
:
- Graph Scatter Scatterplot :
- Simple Define :
- " " Y Axis " " X
Axis " " Set Markers by Ok
:
98
100
90
80

70
60
60 70 80 90 100
99

:
+ Y = a x + bz + cw+.. . +d
Y . .. ,x, z, w
a,b,c,..,d .

.
: :
:
:
.1 AnaTotalyze Regression
Linear :
100
.2 " " ) Independent (s "
" . Dependent Statistics
:
Estimates, Model fit, Descriptives .4

Continue . Linear Regression
Scatterplot
Plots .5
Residuals Predicted values
Linear Regression: Plots:
101
ZRESID Y ZPRED X .6
Continue Ok
:
:
.
Regression
Mean Std. Deviation N

4.50 2.014 10
78.50 9.443 10

0.949
.
Enter

Correlations
Variables Entered/Removedb
VariabTotales VariabTotal
es
ModeTotal Entered Removed Method
Pearson CorreTotalation
1

a
1.000
. Enter
.949
a. ATotal
Total requested variabTotales entered. .949 1.000
)Sig. (1-taiTotaled
b. Dependent
. VariabTotale: .000
.000 .
N 10 10
10 10
R R2 0.902
.
102
Model Summaryb
Adjusted Std. Error of

ModeTotal R R Square R Square the Estimate
1 .949a .902 .889 .670
a. Predictors: (Constant),
b. Dependent VariabTotale:

Sig. = 0.000 0.05

ANOVAb
Sum of
ModeTotal Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 32.905 1 32.905 73.224 .000a
ResiduaTotal 3.595 8 .449
TotaTotal 36.500 9
:
- . B
- .Std.Error
-
Standardization Beta
t
Beta .Sig Beta 0.05
.
:
= 0.202 11.396
Coefficientsa
Unstandardized Standardized
Coefficients Coefficients
ModeTotal B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 )(Constant -11.396 1.870 -6.095 .000
.202 .024 .949 8.557 .000
a. Dependent VariabTotale:
103
- ) ( Predicted vaTotalues
ResiduaTotal vaTotalues

.
Charts
ScatterpTotalot
Dependent Variable:

Regression Standardized ResiduaTotal
2.0
1.5
1.0
.5
0.0
-.5
-1.0
-1.5
-1.5 -1.0 -.5 0.0 .5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Regression Standardized Predicted VaTotalue
multiple Linear Regression

:
: "
" " " " " " "
" :
104
:
Linear :
:" Dependent " "

" " " " " " ) Independent(s
Statistics :
105
Estimates Model fit R squared change .2
Descriptive Continue Linear Regression
.4
Method :
: Enter

.
:Stepwise

) (

) (

.
106
: Remove
Block
.
: Backward

) (
/
.
: Forward

) (

.
Enter Ok : .3
Regression

:

4.50 2.014 10
78.50 9.443 10
82.60 7.412 10
79.00 14.491 10
79.90 13.683 10
107

.
Correlations

Pearson CorreTotalation 1.000 .949 .923 .819 .845
.949 1.000 .959 .780 .833
.923 .959 1.000 .746 .811
.819 .780 .746 1.000 .890
.845 .833 .811 .890 1.000
)Sig. (1-taiTotaled . .000 .000 .002 .001
.000 . .000 .004 .001
.000 .000 . .007 .002
.002 .004 .007 . .000
.001 .001 .002 .000 .
N 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
R
R2 0.919
F . 14.25
Model Summaryb
Change Statistics
Adjusted Std. Error of R Square
ModeTotal R R Square R Square the Estimate Change F Change df1 df2 Sig. F Change
1 .959a .919 .855 .767 .919 14.250 4 5 .006
, , , a. Predictors: (Constant),
R2
Sig. = 0.006 0.05

.Sig 0.05

.
108
ANOVAb
Sum of
1 Regression 33.556 4 8.389 14.250 .006a
TotaTotal 36.500 9
, , , a. Predictors: (Constant),
B

= 0.135 2-104.26+
10-2 2.594 + 3-10 46-3.35 +
.4 Stepwise :
.
Regression

4.50 2.014 10
78.50 9.443 10
82.60 7.412 10
79.00 14.491 10
79.90 13.683 10
109
Correlations

.949 1.000 .959 .780 .833
.923 .959 1.000 .746 .811
.819 .780 .746 1.000 .890
.845 .833 .811 .890 1.000
Sig. (1-taiTotaled) . .000 .000 .002 .001
.000 . .000 .004 .001
.000 .000 . .007 .002
.002 .004 .007 . .000
.001 .001 .002 .000 .
N 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
Model Summaryb
Change Statistics
1 .949a .902 .889 .670 .902 73.224 1 8 .000
ANOVAb
Sum of
1 Regression 32.905 1 32.905 73.224 .000a
TotaTotal 36.500 9

0.202 + 11.396- =
110
Coefficientsa
1 (Constant) -11.396 1.870 -6.095 .000
.202 .024 .949 8.557 .000

. Sig B
Excluded Variablesb
CoTotalTotalinearity
PartiaTotal Statistics
ModeTotal Beta In t Sig. CorreTotalation ToTotalerance
1 .157a .379 .716 .142 8.050E-02
.200a 1.152 .287 .399 .392
.176a .865 .416 .311 .306
a. Predictors in the ModeTotal: (Constant),
: Remove .5
Regression

4.50 2.014 10
78.50 9.443 10
82.60 7.412 10
79.00 14.491 10
79.90 13.683 10
111
Correlations

.949 1.000 .959 .780 .833
.923 .959 1.000 .746 .811
.819 .780 .746 1.000 .890
.845 .833 .811 .890 1.000
Sig. (1-taiTotaled) . .000 .000 .002 .001
.000 . .000 .004 .001
.000 .000 . .007 .002
.002 .004 .007 . .000
.001 .001 .002 .000 .
N 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
Variables Entered/Removedc
VariabTotales VariabTotales
1 ,
, ,
a
. Enter

2 a
,
. ,
b
, Remove

a. ATotalTotal requested variabTotales entered.
b. ATotalTotal requested variabTotales removed.
c. Dependent VariabTotale:
Model Summary
Change Statistics
1 .959a .919 .855 .767 .919 14.250 4 5 .006
2 .000b .000 .000 2.014 -.919 14.250 4 13 .006
a. Predictors: (Constant), , , ,
b. Predictor: (constant)
112
ANOVAc
Sum of
1 Regression 33.556 4 8.389 14.250 .006a
TotaTotal 36.500 9
2 Regression .000 0 .000 . .b
ResiduaTotal 36.500 9 4.056
TotaTotal 36.500 9
b. Predictor: (constant)
c. Dependent VariabTotale:
Coefficientsa
1 (Constant) -11.961 3.651 -3.276 .022
.135 .102 .635 1.323 .243
4.260E-02 .123 .157 .348 .742
2.594E-02 .039 .187 .658 .539
3.346E-03 .047 .023 .071 .946
2 (Constant) 4.500 .637 7.066 .000
Excluded Variablesb
2 .949a 8.557 .000 .949 1.000
.923a 6.788 .000 .923 1.000
.819a 4.031 .004 .819 1.000
.845a 4.465 .002 .845 1.000
a. Predictor: (constant)
113
Backward : .6
Regression

4.50 2.014 10
78.50 9.443 10
82.60 7.412 10
79.00 14.491 10
79.90 13.683 10
Correlations

.949 1.000 .959 .780 .833
.923 .959 1.000 .746 .811
.819 .780 .746 1.000 .890
.845 .833 .811 .890 1.000
)Sig. (1-taiTotaled . .000 .000 .002 .001
.000 . .000 .004 .001
.000 .000 . .007 .002
.002 .004 .007 . .000
.001 .001 .002 .000 .
N 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
114
Variables Entered/Removedb
1 ,
, a , . Enter

2 Backward
(criterion:
ProbabiTotalit
. y of
F-to-remo
ve >=
.100).
3 Backward
(criterion:
ProbabiTotalit
. y of
F-to-remo
ve >=
.100).
4 Backward
(criterion:
ProbabiTotalit
. y of
F-to-remo
ve >=
.100).
a. ATotalTotal requested variabTotales entered.
Model Summary
Change Statistics
1 .959a .919 .855 .767 .919 14.250 4 5 .006
2 .959b .919 .879 .701 .000 .005 1 7 .946
3 .958c .917 .894 .657 -.002 .154 1 8 .708
4 .949d .902 .889 .670 -.016 1.326 1 9 .287
b. Predictors: (Constant), , ,
c. Predictors: (Constant), ,
d. Predictors: (Constant),
115
ANOVAe
Sum of
1 Regression 33.556 4 8.389 14.250 .006a
TotaTotal 36.500 9
2 Regression 33.553 3 11.184 22.775 .001b
TotaTotal 36.500 9
3 Regression 33.478 2 16.739 38.768 .000c
TotaTotal 36.500 9
4 Regression 32.905 1 32.905 73.224 .000d
TotaTotal 36.500 9
b. Predictors: (Constant), , ,
c. Predictors: (Constant), ,
d. Predictors: (Constant),
e. Dependent VariabTotale:
Coefficientsa
1 (Constant) -11.961 3.651 -3.276 .022
.135 .102 .635 1.323 .243
4.260E-02 .123 .157 .348 .742
2.594E-02 .039 .187 .658 .539
3.346E-03 .047 .023 .071 .946
2 (Constant) -12.007 3.282 -3.658 .011
.136 .093 .639 1.470 .192
4.366E-02 .111 .161 .393 .708
2.788E-02 .026 .201 1.083 .320
3 (Constant) -10.981 1.868 -5.880 .001
.169 .037 .794 4.571 .003
2.779E-02 .024 .200 1.152 .287
4 (Constant) -11.396 1.870 -6.095 .000
.202 .024 .949 8.557 .000
116
Excluded Variablesd
2 .023a .071 .946 .032 .156
3 .036b .123 .906 .050 .158
.161b .393 .708 .158 8.050E-02
4 .176c .865 .416 .311 .306
.157c .379 .716 .142 8.050E-02
.200c 1.152 .287 .399 .392
a. Predictors in the ModeTotal: (Constant), , ,
b. Predictors in the ModeTotal: (Constant), ,
c. Predictors in the ModeTotal: (Constant),
d. Dependent VariabTotale:
: Forward .7
Regression

4.50 2.014 10
78.50 9.443 10
82.60 7.412 10
79.00 14.491 10
79.90 13.683 10
117
Correlations

.949 1.000 .959 .780 .833
.923 .959 1.000 .746 .811
.819 .780 .746 1.000 .890
.845 .833 .811 .890 1.000
Sig. (1-taiTotaled) . .000 .000 .002 .001
.000 . .000 .004 .001
.000 .000 . .007 .002
.002 .004 .007 . .000
.001 .001 .002 .000 .
N 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
Variables Entered/Removeda
1 Forward
(Criterion:
ProbabiTotalit
.
y-of-F-to-e
nter <=
.050)
Model Summary
Change Statistics
1 .949a .902 .889 .670 .902 73.224 1 8 .000
118
ANOVAb
Sum of
1 Regression 32.905 1 32.905 73.224 .000a
TotaTotal 36.500 9
Coefficientsa
1 (Constant) -11.396 1.870 -6.095 .000
.202 .024 .949 8.557 .000
Excluded Variablesb
1 .157a .379 .716 .142 8.050E-02
.200a 1.152 .287 .399 .392
.176a .865 .416 .311 .306
a. Predictors in the ModeTotal: (Constant),

:
.
119
Curve Estimation :
) Dependent(s " .2 " "

" VariabTotale
" " . Ok :
Curve Fit
MODEL: MOD_2.
Independent:
Upper
Dependent Mth Rsq d.f. F Sigf bound b0 b1 b2 b3
LIN .670 8 16.25 .004 -4.4868 .1138

LOG .629 8 13.57 .006 -29.430 7.7965
INV .581 8 11.11 .010 11.2259 -511.64
QUA .735 7 9.69 .010 9.5323 -.2880 .0028
9 CUB .737 7 9.81 .009 2.9925 -.0013 1.9E-05
COM .783 8 28.85 .001 .4092 1.0295
POW .758 8 25.11 .001 .0006 2.0273
S .723 8 20.83 .002 3.1829 -135.09
GRO .783 8 28.85 .001 -.8935 .0291
EXP .783 8 28.85 .001 .4092 .0291
LGS .783 8 28.85 .001 . 2.4437 .9713
Notes:
9 Tolerance limits reached; some dependent variables were not entered.
120
Observed

Linear
9
Logarithmic
8
Inverse
7
Quadratic
6
Cubic
5
Compound
4 Power
3 S
2 Growth
1 ExponentiaTotal
0 Logistic
40 50 60 70 80 90 100
.3
ExponentiaTotal Y = LN(b0) + b1 t

= Totaln(0.4092) + 0.0291

Ok ExponentiaTotal Curve Estimation
:
121

9
1
40 50 60 70 80 90 100
122

:
:Hypothesis :
( . ) HO
. Ha
): HO (Null Hypothesis

.
Nul
) (.
): Alternative Hypothesis (Ha

.
%90 %95 %99

Significance Levels

( -1 ( %95
%5

.
) (:
123

.
: Employee
data SPSS
:
124
Utilities Variables
:

. (variable information)
Utilities File Info

:
File Information
List of variables on the working file
Name
Position
ID Employee Code 1
Column Width: 5 Alignment: Right
Print Format: F4
Write Format: F4
GENDER Gender 2
Column Width: 1 Alignment: Left
125
Print Format: A1
Write Format: A1
Value Label
f Female
m Male
BDATE Date of Birth 3

Print Format: ADATE8
Write Format: ADATE8
EDUC Educational Level (years) 4

Measurement Level: Ordinal
Print Format: F2
Write Format: F2
Missing Values: 0
JOBCAT Employment Category 5

Print Format: F1
Write Format: F1
Missing Values: 0
Value Label
1 Clerical
2 Custodial
3 Manager
SALARY Current Salary 6

Print Format: DOLLAR8
Write Format: DOLLAR8
Missing Values: 0
SALBEGIN Beginning Salary 7

126
Print Format: DOLLAR8
Write Format: DOLLAR8
Missing Values: 0
JOBTIME Months since Hire 8

Print Format: F2
Write Format: F2
Missing Values: 0
PREVEXP Previous Experience (months) 9

Print Format: F6
Write Format: F6
MINORITY Minority Classification 10

Print Format: F1
Write Format: F1
Missing Values: 9
Value Label
0 No
1 Yes
Gender ( ) Id
) ) (
Bdate (f=female, m= male
Jobcat Educ

(Clerical, 2 Custodial, 3 Manager 1)
Salbegin Salary
Prevexp Jobtime
127
Minority ) 0
. (No, 1 Yes
) (Comparing Mean
: .
.1 Analyze Compare Means
Means :
.2 Salary Dependent List Gender

. :Independent List
128
.3 Options :
Cell
.4 Statistics
Statistics Anova table and eta
Continue
.5 :
Means
.6
Cases
IncTotaluded ExcTotaluded TotaTotal
Current SaTotalary * Gender 474 100.0% 0 .0% 474 100.0%
129

Report
Current SaTotalary
Gender Mean N Std. Deviation Skewness
FemaTotale $26,031.92 216 $7,558.021 1.863
MaTotale $41,441.78 258 $19,499.214 1.639
TotaTotal $34,419.57 474 $17,075.661 2.125

0.05 Sig. = 0
.
ANOVA Table
Sum of Mean
Squares df Square F Sig.
)Current SaTotalary * Gender Between Groups (Combined 2.79E+10 1 2.792E+10 119.798 .000
Within Groups 1.10E+11 472 233046531
TotaTotal 1.38E+11 473
Measures of Association
Eta Eta Squared

Current SaTotalary * Gender .450 .202
) Jobcat
(
Next Independent List :
130
Ok :
Report
Current SaTotalary
Gender EmpTotaloyment Category Mean N Std. Deviation Skewness
FemaTotale CTotalericaTotal $25,003.69 206 $5,812.838 1.421
Manager $47,213.50 10 $8,501.253 -.019
TotaTotal $26,031.92 216 $7,558.021 1.863
MaTotale CTotalericaTotal $31,558.15 157 $7,997.978 2.346
CustodiaTotal $30,938.89 27 $2,114.616 -.368
Manager $66,243.24 74 $18,051.570 1.193
TotaTotal $41,441.78 258 $19,499.214 1.639
TotaTotal CTotalericaTotal $27,838.54 363 $7,567.995 1.905
CustodiaTotal $30,938.89 27 $2,114.616 -.368
Manager $63,977.80 84 $18,244.776 1.181
TotaTotal $34,419.57 474 $17,075.661 2.125

.
- Kolmogrove-Smirov
131
" : :
. "0.05
:
-1 Nonparametric Tests Analyze .1
: Sample K-S
Test Variable List salbegin salary .2

." " Normal
: Ok .3
NPar Tests
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Beginning
Current SaTotalary SaTotalary
N 474 474
NormaTotal Parameters a,b Mean $34,419.57 $17,016.09
Std. Deviation $17,075.662 $7,870.638
Most Extreme AbsoTotalute .208 .252
Differences Positive .208 .252
Negative -.143 -.170
KoTotalmogorov-Smirnov Z 4.525 5.484
Asymp. Sig. (2-taiTotaled) .000 .000
a. Test distribution is NormaTotal.
b. CaTotalc uTotalated from data.
132
Sig. = 0.0 0.05

.
)T (T-Test
T )(One Sample T-Test

:
.1
30.
.2
: " 14"
:
Analyzes Compare Mean
One Sample T Test :
133
.2 Educ ) Test Variable(s Test Value
14 Ok :
T-Test
13.49
0.51 -
One-Sample Statistics
Std. Error
N Mean Std. Deviation Mean
)EducationaTotal LeveTotal (years 474 13.49 2.885 .133
One-Sample Test Sig. = 0.00 0.05

14
14
t = -3.837

14.
One-Sample Test
Test VaTotalue = 14
95% Confidence
IntervaTotal of the
Mean Difference
t df )Sig. (2-taiTotaled Difference Lower Upper
)EducationaTotal LeveTotal (years -3.837 473 .000 -.51 -.77 -.25
) SIGN TEST (

Sign Test :
.1 Analyze Parametric Tests
Binomial :
134
.2 educ Test Variable List 14
Cut point Define Dichotomy Ok
:
NPar Tests
Binomial Test
Observed Asymp. Sig.

Category N Prop. Test Prop. )(2-taiTotaled
EducationaTotal LeveTotal (years) Group 1 <= 14 249 .53 .50 .291a
Group 2 > 14 225 .47
TotaTotal 474 1.00
a. Based on Z Approximation.
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.291

0.05 14
.

135
T Paired Sample T-Test

.
:
H :
0 1 2 :
H :
a 1 2 :

2 1
:
.1
30.
.2
.
: " :
"
:
.1 Analyzes Compare Mean

Paired Sample T Test :
136
Paired Variables salbegin ,salary .3
: Ok
T-Test

Paired Samples Statistics
Std. Error
Mean N Std. Deviation Mean
Pair Current SaTotalary $34,419.57 474 $17,075.661 $784.311
1 Beginning SaTotalary $17,016.09 474 $7,870.638 $361.510
0.88
Paired Samples Correlations
N CorreTotalation Sig.
Pair Current SaTotalary &
474 .880 .000
1 Beginning SaTotalary
Sig. (2- tailed) = 0.00

0.05
.
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
95% Confidence IntervaTotal
Std. Std. Error of the Difference Sig.
Mean Deviation Mean Lower Upper t df (2-taiTotaled)
Pair Current SaTotalary -
$17,403.48 $10814.62 $496.732 $16,427.41 $18,379.56 35.036 473 .000
1 Beginning SaTotalary
137

Related Samples 2
.1 AnaTotalyze Nonparametric tests

reTotalated sampTotales 2 :
.2 saTotalary saTotalbegin )Test Pair(s

List WiTotalcoxon Sign . Ok

138
NPar Tests
Ranks
N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Beginning SaTotalary Negative Ranks 474a 237.50 112575.00
- Current SaTotalary Positive Ranks 0b .00 .00
Ties 0c
TotaTotal 474
a. Beginning SaTotalary < Current SaTotalary
b. Beginning SaTotalary > Current SaTotalary
c. Current SaTotalary = Beginning SaTotalary
Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
Test Statisticsb
Beginning
SaTotalary -
Current SaTotalary
Z -18.865a
Asymp. Sig. (2-taiTotaled) .000
a. Based on positive ranks.
b. WiTotalc oxon Signed Ranks Test
Sig. = 0.0
.
Sign Test
Frequencies
N
Beginning SaTotalary Negative Differencesa 474
- Current SaTotalary Positive Differencesb 0
Ties c 0
TotaTotal 474
a. Beginning SaTotalary < Current SaTotalary
b. Beginning SaTotalary > Current SaTotalary
c. Current SaTotalary = Beginning SaTotalary
139
Test Statisticsa
Beginning
SaTotalary -
Current SaTotalary
Z -21.726
)Asymp. Sig. (2-taiTotaled .000
a. Sign Test
Sign Test Sig.= 0.0

T Independent sample T
test

.

) (Grouping VariabTotale or Factor

)Test
.
(VariabTotale
) (
) ( .
T :
.1
.2
T
T .
.3
.
: "
"
140
:
.1 AnaTotalyze Compare Means
Independent SampTotale T Test :
) Test VariabTotale(s .2 SaTotalary

gender Grouping VariabTotale Define
Groups :
.3 f Group 1 m . Group 2
Continue .
.4 Ok :
141
Group Statistics
Std. Error
Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Mean
Current SaTotalary FemaTotale 216 $26,031.92 $7,558.021 $514.258
MaTotale 258 $41,441.78 $19,499.214 $1,213.968
T-Test
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for

EquaTotality of Variances t-test for EquaTotality of Means
95% Confidence IntervaTotal of
Mean Std. Error the Difference
F Sig. t df )Sig. (2-taiTotaled Difference Difference Lower Upper
Current SaTotalary EquaTotal variances
119.669 .000 -10.945 472 .000 -$15,409.86 $1,407.906 -$18176.40 -$12643.32
assumed
EquaTotal variances
-11.688 344.262 .000 -$15,409.86 $1,318.400 -$18003.00 -$12816.73
not assumed
.5 ) (Leven,s test F= 9.669

Sig = 0.0 T
t= 1.688
Sig=0.0
.

-) Mann-Whitney test (U- Test
142
: " "
:
.1 AnaTotalyze Nonparametric tests

independent sampTotales 2 :
.2 SaTotalary Test VariabTotale List

Jobcat Grouping VariabTotale
.3 Define Groups 1
Group 1 " " 2 Group 2
:
143
Ok
.4 Continue
:
NPar Tests
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks
EmpTotaloyment Category N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Current SaTotalary CTotalericaTotal 363 189.30 68715.50
CustodiaTotal 27 278.87 7529.50
TotaTotal 390
Test Statisticsa
Current SaTotalary
Mann-Whitney U 2649.500
WiTotalcoxon W 68715.500
Z -3.984
)Asymp. Sig. (2-taiTotaled .000
a. Grouping VariabTotale: EmpTotaloyment Category
Sig. = 0.0
0.05
One Way ANOVA

Factor

Independent VariabTotale NominaTotal
OrdinaTotal
.
Dependent VariabTotale
.
144

Factor

Post Hoc

.

)(Between Group

)(Within Group

ResiduaTotals . Error
) (
) ( F
F
F

F ) ( Sig
) ( 0.05 Sig
0.05 .Sig
0.05 .
: "
"0.05
:
.1 AnaTotalyze Compare Means
One-Way ANOVA :
145
Dependent List .2 saTotalary
Jobcat . Factor
.3 Post Hoc :
.4 Bonferroni Dunnetts c
. . Continue
:
Options
.5
Homogeneity of variance test Continue
:
146
.6 Ok :
Oneway
= , 59.733 Sig. = 0.0

Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Current SaTotalary
Levene
Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
59.733 2 471 .000
F=434.481 Sig.= 0.0

0.05
147
ANOVA
Current SaTotalary
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 8.94E+10 2 4.472E+10 434.481 .000
Within Groups 4.85E+10 471 102925714.5

0.05
Post Hoc Tests .7
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent VariabTotale: Current SaTotalary
Mean
Difference 95% Confidence IntervaTotal
(I) EmpTotaloyment Category (J) EmpTotaloyment Category (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound
Bonferroni CTotalericaTotal CustodiaTotal -$3,100.35 $2,023.760 .379 -$7,962.56 $1,761.86
Manager -$36,139.26* $1,228.352 .000 -$39,090.45 -$33,188.07
CustodiaTotal CTotalericaTotal $3,100.35 $2,023.760 .379 -$1,761.86 $7,962.56
Manager -$33,038.91* $2,244.409 .000 -$38,431.24 -$27,646.58
Manager CTotalericaTotal $36,139.26* $1,228.352 .000 $33,188.07 $39,090.45
CustodiaTotal $33,038.91* $2,244.409 .000 $27,646.58 $38,431.24
Dunnett C CTotalericaTotal CustodiaTotal -$3,100.35* $568.679 -$4,476.97 -$1,723.73
Manager -$36,139.26* $2,029.912 -$40,981.02 -$31,297.50
CustodiaTotal CTotalericaTotal $3,100.35* $568.679 $1,723.73 $4,476.97
Manager -$33,038.91* $2,031.840 -$37,895.87 -$28,181.95
Manager CTotalericaTotal $36,139.26* $2,029.912 $31,297.50 $40,981.02
CustodiaTotal $33,038.91* $2,031.840 $28,181.95 $37,895.87
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 TotaleveTotal.

Kruskal (H-Test) Wallis -

" :
" 0.05
:
148
.1 AnaTotalyze Nonparametric Tests K
Independent SampTotales :
.2 SaTotalary Test VariabTotale List Jobcat

. Grouping VariabTotale
.3 Define VariabTotale :
Maximum
.4 1 Minimum 3
Continue .
.5 KrouskaTotal-WaTotalTotalis H Ok :
149
NPar Tests
Ranks
EmpTotaloyment Category N Mean Rank

Current SaTotalary CTotalericaTotal 363 190.37
CustodiaTotal 27 278.98
Manager 84 427.85
TotaTotal 474
Kruskal-Wallis Test
207.68
2
Sig. = 0.0 0.05

0.05
Friedman test

.
: " "
"
"0.05
:
.1 AnaTotalyze Nonparametric Tests
K ReTotalated SampTotales :
150
.2 " " " " " " " "
Test VariabTotales Friedman
Ok :
Friedman Test
Ranks
Mean Rank
1.95
2.95
2.60
2.50
Test Statisticsa,b
Current SaTotalary
Chi-Square 207.680
df 2
Asymp. Sig. .000
a. KruskaTotal WaTotalTotalis Test
b. Grouping VariabTotale: EmpTotaloyment Category
Asymp. Sig =0.0

0.05
151
Crosstabs Test
Crosstabs
:
: EmpTotaloyee data "
" .
:
AnaTotalyze Descriptive Statistics .1

Crosstabs :
Gender Row Jobcat

.2
). Column(s
Statistics : .3
152
Chi-square Contingency coefficient .4
. Gamma

Nominal Data
Ordinal Data Continue
.
. Ok : .5
Crosstabs
Cases
Gender * EmpTotaloyment
474 100.0% 0 .0% 474 100.0%
Category
153
Gender * Employment Category Crosstabulation
Count
EmpTotaloyment Category
CTotalericaTotal CustodiaTotal Manager TotaTotal
Gender FemaTotale 206 10 216
MaTotale 157 27 74 258
TotaTotal 363 27 84 474
Chi-Square Tests
Asymp. Sig.
VaTotalue df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 79.277a 2 .000
LikeTotalihood Ratio 95.463 2 .000
N of VaTotalid Cases 474
a. 0 ceTotalTotals (.0%) have expected count Totaless than 5. The
minimum expected count is 12.30.
Symmetric Measures
Asymp.
a b
VaTotalue Std. Error Approx. T Approx. Sig.
NominaTotal by NominaTotal Contingency Coefficient .379 .000
OrdinaTotal by OrdinaTotal Gamma .837 .051 9.999 .000
N of VaTotalid Cases 474
a. Not assuming the nuTotalTotal hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the nuTotalTotal hypothesis.
Sig. = 0.0

.
Two Way Analysis of Variance
154
) (
.

.
Two Way ANOVA
) (
) (.
- ) (main effect

.
- ) (main effect

.
- ) (Interaction
.
:
.1

9 .

15 )(
.
.2

.
.
155
. .3

.
: " Employee data

" 0.05

" "
" "
" "
:
.1 Analyze General Linear Model
Univariate :
156
.2 Salary Dependent Variable
Gender Jobcat ). Fixed Factor(s
.3 Model :
Custom Main effects ) Build Term (s .4

Gender Jobcat Model
Interaction Build Term , Gender
Jobcat Model Continue
.
Descriptive Options
.5
atatistics Homogeneity tests Continue
.
157
Post Hoc : .6
158
Scheffe .7
. Equal Variance Assumed
Dunnett,s C .8
Equal Variance Not Assumed
Post Hoc Tests For Jobcat .9
Gender
.
. Continue .10
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Between-Subjects Factors
VaTotalue LabeTotal N
Gender f FemaTotale 216
m MaTotale 258
EmpTotaloyment 1 CTotalericaTotal 363
Category 2 CustodiaTotal 27
3
Manager 84

Gender EmpTotaloyment Category Mean Std. Deviation N
FemaTotale CTotalericaTotal $25,003.69 $5,812.838 206
Manager $47,213.50 $8,501.253 10
TotaTotal $26,031.92 $7,558.021 216
MaTotale CTotalericaTotal $31,558.15 $7,997.978 157
CustodiaTotal $30,938.89 $2,114.616 27
Manager $66,243.24 $18,051.570 74
TotaTotal $41,441.78 $19,499.214 258
TotaTotal CTotalericaTotal $27,838.54 $7,567.995 363
CustodiaTotal $30,938.89 $2,114.616 27
Manager $63,977.80 $18,244.776 84
TotaTotal $34,419.57 $17,075.661 474
159
Test of Homogeneity of
Sig. =0.0 Variances
. 0.05
a
Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variances

F df1 df2 Sig.
33.383 4 469 .000
Tests the nuTotalTotal hypothesis that the error variance of the
dependent variabTotale is equaTotal across groups.
a. Design: Intercept+GENDER+JOBCAT+GENDER
* JOBCAT
Gender
. 0.05 Sig. = 0.0
Jobcat
. 0.05 Sig. = 0.0
Sig. = 0.0
0.05
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Type III Sum
Source of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected ModeTotal 9.646E+10a 4 2.411E+10 272.780 .000
Intercept 1.773E+11 1 1.773E+11 2005.313 .000
GENDER 5247440732 1 5247440732 59.359 .000
JOBCAT 3.232E+10 2 1.616E+10 182.782 .000
GENDER * JOBCAT 1247682867 1 1247682867 14.114 .000
Error 4.146E+10 469 88401147.44
Corrected TotaTotal 1.379E+11 473
a. R Squared = .699 (Adjusted R Squared = .697)
Jobcat
160
Post Hoc Tests
Employment Category
Mean
Difference
(I) EmpTotaloyment Category (J) EmpTotaloyment Category (I-J) Std. Error Sig.
Scheffe CTotalericaTotal CustodiaTotal -$3,100.35 $1,875.539 .256
Manager -$36,139.26* $1,138.387 .000
CustodiaTotal CTotalericaTotal $3,100.35 $1,875.539 .256
Manager -$33,038.91* $2,080.027 .000
Manager CTotalericaTotal $36,139.26* $1,138.387 .000
CustodiaTotal $33,038.91* $2,080.027 .000
Dunnett C CTotalericaTotal CustodiaTotal -$3,100.35* $568.679
Manager -$36,139.26* $2,029.912
CustodiaTotal CTotalericaTotal $3,100.35* $568.679
Manager -$33,038.91* $2,031.840
Manager CTotalericaTotal $36,139.26* $2,029.912
CustodiaTotal $33,038.91* $2,031.840
Based on observed means.
Three Way ANOVA

.

:
: Employee data :

"
" 0.05
161
.1 Analyze General Linear Model
Univariate :
.2 Salary Dependent Variable

Gender id Jobcat ). Fixed Factor(s
.3 Model :
162
.4 Custom Main effects ) Build Term (s
Gender Jobcat id Model
Interaction Build Term
Continue Model
.
Descriptive
.5 Options
atatistics Homogeneity tests
Display Means for Continue
.
163
-
.6 Post Hoc :
164
.7 Scheffe
. Equal Variance Assumed
.8 Dunnett,s C
Equal Variance Not Assumed
.9 Jobcat Post Hoc Tests For

.
.10 Continue . Ok :
Univariate Analysis of Variance

Between-Subjects Factors
VaTotalue LabeTotal N
Minority CTotalassification 0 No 370
1 Yes 104
Gender f FemaTotale 216
m MaTotale 258
EmpTotaloyment 1 CTotalericaTotal 363
Category 2 CustodiaTotal 27
3 Manager 84
165

Minority CTotalassification Gender EmpTotaloyment Category Mean Std. Deviation N
No FemaTotale CTotalericaTotal $25,471.45 $6,092.372 166
Manager $47,213.50 $8,501.253 10
TotaTotal $26,706.79 $8,011.894 176
CustodiaTotal $31,178.57 $1,658.743 14
Manager $65,683.57 $18,029.451 70
TotaTotal $44,475.41 $20,330.662 194
CustodiaTotal $31,178.57 $1,658.743 14
Manager $63,374.81 $18,164.043 80
TotaTotal $36,023.31 $18,044.096 370
Yes FemaTotale CTotalericaTotal $23,062.50 $3,972.369 40
TotaTotal $23,062.50 $3,972.369 40
CustodiaTotal $30,680.77 $2,562.920 13
Manager $76,037.50 $17,821.961 4
TotaTotal $32,246.09 $13,059.881 64
CustodiaTotal $30,680.77 $2,562.920 13
Manager $76,037.50 $17,821.961 4
TotaTotal $28,713.94 $11,421.638 104
TotaTotal FemaTotale CTotalericaTotal $25,003.69 $5,812.838 206
Manager $47,213.50 $8,501.253 10
TotaTotal $26,031.92 $7,558.021 216
CustodiaTotal $30,938.89 $2,114.616 27
Manager $66,243.24 $18,051.570 74
TotaTotal $41,441.78 $19,499.214 258
CustodiaTotal $30,938.89 $2,114.616 27
Manager $63,977.80 $18,244.776 84
TotaTotal $34,419.57 $17,075.661 474
a
Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variances

F df1 df2 Sig.
17.696 8 465 .000
Tests the nuTotalTotal hypothesis that the error variance of the
dependent variabTotale is equaTotal across groups.
a. Design:
Intercept+MINORITY+GENDER+JOBCAT+MINORITY *
GENDER+GENDER * JOBCAT+MINORITY *
JOBCAT+MINORITY * GENDER * JOBCAT
166
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Type III Sum
Source of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected ModeTotal 9.751E+10a 8 1.219E+10 140.251 .000
Intercept 1.444E+11 1 1.444E+11 1661.526 .000
MINORITY 61989119.7 1 61989119.66 .713 .399
GENDER 4756876310 1 4756876310 54.737 .000
JOBCAT 2.006E+10 2 1.003E+10 115.420 .000
MINORITY * GENDER 27977363.9 1 27977363.93 .322 .571
GENDER * JOBCAT 981526336 1 981526335.9 11.294 .001
MINORITY * JOBCAT 690053398 2 345026699.0 3.970 .020
MINORITY * GENDER
.000 0 . . .
* JOBCAT
Error 4.041E+10 465 86903667.84
Corrected TotaTotal 1.379E+11 473
a. R Squared = .707 (Adjusted R Squared = .702)
Estimated Marginal Means

1. Minority Classification

Minority CTotalassification Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound
No 40443.745a 835.531 38801.861 42085.629
Yes 39683.224a 1423.737 36885.469 42480.979
a. Based on modified popuTotalation marginaTotal mean.
2. Employment Category

EmpTotaloyment Category Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound
CTotalericaTotal 27539.427 577.449 26404.695 28674.160
CustodiaTotal 30929.670a 1795.293 27401.779 34457.562
Manager 62978.190a 1875.508 59292.670 66663.711
a. Based on modified popuTotalation marginaTotal mean.
167
Post Hoc Tests
Employment Category
Mean
Difference
(I) EmpTotaloyment Category (J) EmpTotaloyment Category (I-J) Std. Error Sig.
Scheffe CTotalericaTotal CustodiaTotal -$3,100.35 $1,859.586 .250
Manager -$36,139.26* $1,128.703 .000
CustodiaTotal CTotalericaTotal $3,100.35 $1,859.586 .250
Manager -$33,038.91* $2,062.334 .000
Manager CTotalericaTotal $36,139.26* $1,128.703 .000
CustodiaTotal $33,038.91* $2,062.334 .000
Dunnett C CTotalericaTotal CustodiaTotal -$3,100.35* $568.679
Manager -$36,139.26* $2,029.912
CustodiaTotal CTotalericaTotal $3,100.35* $568.679
Manager -$33,038.91* $2,031.840
Manager CTotalericaTotal $36,139.26* $2,029.912
CustodiaTotal $33,038.91* $2,031.840
Based on observed means.
168

Reliability Coefficient

:
:

.
:

) ( r

:
2 r
Reliability Coefficient = 1 r
.8
SPSS

.
:

.
.

.
.
169

/

/
:
/ :
...

) (

) (.
/

.

170

)(2 )(3) (4
)(1 )(5
:
.1
.2
. .3
:
.1
. .2
. .3
: ) (
. .1
. .2
. .3
: ) (
. .1
. .2
. .3
7 3 :
(1 SPSS
" " .
(2
(3
:

1 2 3 4 5
a1, a2, a3 ) ( b1, b2, b3

) ( c1, c2, c3 ) ( d1, d2,d3
) ( :
171
- av_ a, av_b, av_c,
av_d av_total
- " " av_odd
" . av_even

:

av_odd , av_even :
Correlations
AV_TOTAL AV_ODD
AV_TOTAL Pearson CorreTotalation 1 **.835
)Sig. (2-taiTotaled . .003
N 10 10
AV_ODD Pearson CorreTotalation **.835 1
)Sig. (2-taiTotaled .003 .
N 10 10
172
0.835

2 0.835
0.91
1 0.835

.
: :
Scale Reliability Analyze

Analysis :
Items
12 ). (a1,a2, d3
Model
. Alpha
Statistics :
173
Scale if item deleted
.
Continue .
Ok :
174
Reliability
****** ****** Method 1 (space saver) will be used for this analysis
R E L I A B I L I T Y A N A L Y S I S - S C A L E
Item-total Statistics
Scale Scale Corrected

Mean Variance Item- Alpha
if Item if Item Total if Item
Deleted Deleted Correlation Deleted
A1 40.6000 53.1556 .4322 .7036

A2 39.9000 62.1000 -.0936 .7428
A3 40.6000 53.1556 .3496 .7128
B1 40.4000 45.1556 .7099 .6561
B2 40.3000 67.1222 -.3996 .7812
B3 40.7000 59.3444 .0226 .7542
C1 40.6000 54.2667 .3614 .7117
C2 41.5000 50.7222 .3424 .7166
C3 40.9000 50.7667 .4296 .7016
D1 41.1000 47.8778 .5555 .6816
D2 41.1000 43.6556 .7480 .6467
D3 40.7000 49.1222 .6850 .6723
Reliability Coefficients
= N of Cases 10.0 N of Items = 12
= Alpha .7288
Alpha 0.7288
.
) (Corrected item- total Correlation

0.19

a2, b2, b3

0.8198
Reliability
175
****** Method 1 (space saver) will be used for this analysis ******
R E L I A B I L I T Y A N A L Y S I S - S C A L E (A L P H A)
Item-total Statistics
Scale Scale Corrected

Mean Variance Item- Alpha
if Item if Item Total if Item
Deleted Deleted Correlation Deleted
A1 28.3000 56.4556 .3725 .8169

A3 28.3000 55.5667 .3464 .8209
B1 28.1000 49.2111 .6056 .7906
C1 28.3000 55.1222 .4561 .8091
C2 29.2000 53.9556 .3019 .8331
C3 28.6000 50.4889 .5672 .7958
D1 28.8000 48.8444 .6234 .7882
D2 28.8000 45.2889 .7755 .7660
D3 28.4000 51.1556 .6994 .7844
Reliability Coefficients
N of Cases = 10.0 N of Items = 9
Alpha = .8198
Correlations
176
Correlations
AV_A AV_B AV_C AV_D AV_TOTAL

AV_A Pearson CorreTotalation 1 .442 .137 .350 .603
Sig. (2-taiTotaled) . .201 .706 .322 .065
N 10 10 10 10 10
AV_B Pearson CorreTotalation .442 1 .023 .259 .526
Sig. (2-taiTotaled) .201 . .949 .470 .118
N 10 10 10 10 10
AV_C Pearson CorreTotalation .137 .023 1 .658* .735*
Sig. (2-taiTotaled) .706 .949 . .039 .015
N 10 10 10 10 10
AV_D Pearson CorreTotalation .350 .259 .658* 1 .882**
Sig. (2-taiTotaled) .322 .470 .039 . .001
N 10 10 10 10 10
AV_TOTAL Pearson CorreTotalation .603 .526 .735* .882** 1
Sig. (2-taiTotaled) .065 .118 .015 .001 .
N 10 10 10 10 10
*. CorreTotalation is significant at the 0.05 TotaleveTotal (2-taiTotaled).
177

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SPSS

Quantitative or Numerical Data -2

) (variable Label ) (Values

" 2 Value "

3 First Cases 7 Last Cases

Edit Past Variable

.2 Save In " "

Exporting and Importing

Excel " " File

.5 Bars Represent Other summary function

.4 " _ " " _ " Bars

.3 " _ " Variable " "

.1 ) (Data Editor "

.4 : " Bar Represent

Values of individual cases Define .3

Linear regression Continue OK .6

Sum Number of Cases

Analyze Descriptive Statistics .1

.1 Descriptive statistics Analyze

Std. Dev = 75.84

Std. Dev = 66.07

N Mean Std. Skewness

Case Processing Summary

Confidence interval for mean 95%

Statistic Std. Error

5% Trimmed Mean $487.04

5% Trimmed Mean $396.11

Huber's Tukey's HampeTotal's Andrews'

Case Number VaTotalue

.5 Std. Dev = 68.82

Std. Dev = 52.52

Frequency & Stem Leaf

Stem width: 100

Frequency & Stem Leaf

Stem width: 100

Utilities File Info

: Mtrix Define Mtrix .2

)(Coefficient / (D.F.) / 2-tailed Significance

" . " is printed if a coefficient cannot be computed

Estimates, Model fit, Descriptives .4

Mean Std. Deviation N

Adjusted Std. Error of

Regression Standardized Predicted VaTotalue

multiple Linear Regression

:" Dependent " "

Mean Std. Deviation N

Mean Std. Deviation N

Mean Std. Deviation N

Mean Std. Deviation N

Mean Std. Deviation N

) Dependent(s " .2 " "

LIN .670 8 16.25 .004 -4.4868 .1138

): Alternative Hypothesis (Ha

%90 %95 %99

Utilities File Info

BDATE Date of Birth 3

EDUC Educational Level (years) 4

JOBCAT Employment Category 5

SALARY Current Salary 6

SALBEGIN Beginning Salary 7

JOBTIME Months since Hire 8

PREVEXP Previous Experience (months) 9

MINORITY Minority Classification 10