Alignment - The process of adjusting parts so that they are in proper relative position

Alternate - to interchange repeatedly and regularly with one another in time orplace

Anchor any various metal devices used in construction to secure an object to the building
structure

Architect a person who engages in the profession of architecture, usually trained and
experienced in the design and construction of buildings

Astragal a molding attached to one or both meeting stiles of a pair of double doors to
prevent passage of light, noise or smoke.

Auger - is a drilling device, or drill bit, that usually includes a rotating helical screw blade
called a "flighting" to act as a screw conveyor to remove the drilled out material.

Awning a roof like cover of canvas or other material extending in a front of doorway or
window to provide protection from the sun.

Baluster any of number of closely spaced supports for a railing.

Barrel bolt - a rod-

shaped bolt for fastening a door or the like, attached to one sideof the door at the edge and sli
ding into a socket on the frame of theopening.

Baseboard a board or molding concealing the joint between an interior wall and the floor.

Bathtub- an oblong tub to bathe in esp. one that is permanent fixture in a bathroom

Beam a rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transvers loads across
space to supporting elements

Bolt- a threaded metal pin or rod , usually having a head at one end, designed to be inserted
through holes in assembled parts and secured by a mating nut.

Bottom chord the bottom member of a truss extending from end to end and connected by
web members

Brace- a structural element for positioning, supporting, strengthening, or restraining the

members of a structural frame

Brick a masonry unit of clay, formed into a rectangular prism while plastic and hardened by
drying in the sun or firing in a kiln
Cabinet hinge -
a jointed device or flexible piece on which a door, gate, shutter, lid, orother attached part turns,
swings, or moves.

Canopy- overhead roof or structure that provides shade or other shelter

Cast iron- a hard brittle, nonmalleable iron-based alloy containing 20% to 45% carbon and
0.5% to 3% silicon

Ceiling the overhead interior surface or lining of a room, often concealing the underside of
the floor or roof above.

Ceiling board is a panel made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper.
Used for walls and ceilings

Ceiling joist a joist for carrying the finish ceiling of a room

Carpenter a person skilled in building and working with wood.

Carpentry- the skill or work of making or fixing wooden objects or wooden parts of buildings

Cement- a mixture of clay and limestone, finely pulverized and used as an ingredient in
concrete and mortar

Cement brick - Brick cement is a construction material which is used to bond bricks together. It
is also known as brick mortar or masonry cement, and it comes in a variety of styles for
different applications.

cement tile - handmade colourful tiles used as floor coverings. They appeared in France in
the 1850s, and have been widely used in Europe and America.

Chain bolt - A spring bolt at the top of a door that is operated bypulling an attached chain

Closed stringer- a stair string receiving the ends of risers and treads in a series of housings

Collar a horizontal timber uniting two opposing common rafters at a point below the ridge,
usually in the upper half of the rafter length.

Column a rigid, relatively slender structural member designed primarily to support axial,
compressive loads applied at the member ends

Concrete- an artificial, stonelike building material made by mixing cement and various mineral
aggregates with sufficient water.
Concrete beam- is a load-bearing unit that can be used to carry both horizontal and vertical
loads.

Concrete slab- A flat piece of concrete, put on the walls or columns of a structure. It serves as
a walking surface but may also serve as a load bearing member, as in slab homes.

Contractor a person or organization that contracts to provide the materials and perform the
work for a construction project.

Corrugated G.I. sheet- a roof covering of corrugated sheets of galvanized iron.

Crushed stone stone having well-defined edges produced by the mechanical crushing of
rocks.

Diagonal brace a system of inclined members for bracing the angles between the members
of a structural frame and ensuring the lateral stability of the whole

Door a hinged, sliding or folding barrier of wood, metal or glass for opening and closing a
space.

Door head the uppermost member of a doorframe

Doorjamb- either of the two sidepieces of a doorframe

Dowel a cylindrical pin fitting snugly into holes in two adjacent pieces to prevent their
slipping

Downspout- a vertical pipe for conveying rainwater down from a roof or gutter to the ground.

Draw pin - a hole in a tenon made eccentric with the corresponding holes to the mortise so
that the two pieces being joined will be forced tightly together when the pin (drawbore pin) is
hammered into place

Eaves the overhanging lower edge of a roof.

Engineer a person who is professionally engaged in any of various branches of

engineering.

Exterior siding - Material, such as boards or shingles, used for surfacing the outside walls of a
frame building.

Fascia board a wide board set vertically to cover the lower ends of rafters or the joint
between the top of a wall and the projecting eaves.
Faucet a device for controlling the flow of a liquid from a pipe by opening or closing an
orifice

Fence - is a freestanding structure designed to restrict or prevent movement across a

boundary.

Fill to raise an existing grade with earth, stone or other material, or the quantity of material
used in building up the level of an area.

Filler a relatively inert substance added to modify the bulk, strength, heat resistance of a
resin

Fillet a narrow flat molding or area, raised or sunk to separate larger moldings or areas

Floor board any of the boards laid over joists to make a floor

Floor joist any of a series of small, parallel beams for supporting floors, ceilings.

Floor sill the lowest horizontal member of a frame structure, resting on and anchored to a
foundation wall.

Flooring - is a term to generically describe any finish material applied over a floor structure to
provide a walking surface.

Foot- a unit of length originally derived from the length of the human foot, divided into 12
inches and equal to 304.8 mm.

Foreman - the worker or tradesman who is in charge of a construction crew

Force an influence on a body producing or tending to produce a change in a shape or

movement

Foundation the lowest division of a building or other construction , partly or wholly below the
surface of the ground, designed to support and anchor the structure and transmit its loads to
earth.

Framework a skeletal structure of parts fitted and joined together in order to support, define,
or enclose

G.I. Strap a strap made with iron or steel coated with zinc to protect it from rust

G.I. Pipe - Galvanized iron pipes are actually steel pipes that are covered with a protective
layer of zinc.
Gable roof a roof sloping downwards in two parts from a central ridge, so as to form a gable
at each end

Girder a large principal beam designed to support concentrated loads at isolated points
along its length

Girt a horizontal timber connecting the posts of a braced frame at an intermediate level
above the ground floor

Gravel small pebbles and stones, or a mixture of these with sand, formed either naturally or
by crushing rock.

Groove - a long, narrow cut or low area in a surface

Gutter- a channel of metal or wood at the eaves or on the roof of a building, for carrying off
rainwater.

Hall- a large room or building for public gatherings or entertainment

Hinge a jointed device, usually consisting of two leaves joined together by a pin, on which a
door, gate, or shutter swings, turns, or moves.

Hip roof a roof having sloping ends and sides meeting at an inclined projecting angle.

Inches a unit of length, 1/2th of a foot, equivalent to 25.4mm

Jamb either of the vertical sides of an archway, doorway, or window opening

King post a vertical member from the apex to the bottom chord of a pitched truss.

Landing a platform between flights of stairs or the floor at the foot or head of a flight of stairs

Lavatory- a bowl or basin with running water for washing face and hands.

Laborer- is a person who does one of the construction trades, traditionally

considered unskilled manual labor, as opposed to skilled labor

Lean-to roof a shed roof with the higher end abutting a wall or larger building.

Level a device for determining true horizontal or vertical directions by the centering of a
bubble in a slightly bowed glass tube filled with alcohol.

Mason- a person whose trade is building with units of various natural or artificial mineral
products, as stones, bricks, cinder blocks, or tiles, usually with the use of mortar or cement as
a bonding agent
Masonry- building with units of various natural or manufactured products, as stone, brick, or
concrete block, usually with the use of mortar.

Meter the basic unit of length in the metric system, equivalent to 39.37 inches.

Miter an oblique surface formed so as to butt against another oblique surface to be joined
with it.

Molding any of various long, narrow, ornamental surfaces with uniform cross sections and a
profile shaped to produce modulations of light, shade, and shadow.

Nail a straight, slender piece of metal having one end pointed and the other enlarged and
flattened for hammering into wood or other building materials as a fastener.

Newel post a post supporting one end of a handrail at the top or bottom of a flight of stairs

Nut a square or hexagonal metal block perforated with a threaded hole to fit around and
secure a bolt or screw.

Panel door a door having a framework of stiles, rails and sometimes muntins, filled with
panels of a thinner material

Purlin a longitudinal member of a roof frame for supporting common rafters between the
ridge and the eaves.

Reinforcing bar a steel bar for reinforcing concrete, usually specified by number equivalent
to its diameter In eights of an inch.

Roof the external upper covering of a building, including the frame for supporting the roofing.

Screw a metal fastener having a tapered, helically threaded shank and a slotted head,
designed to be driven into wood.

Stirrup any of the u-shaped or closed-loop bars placed perpendicular to the longitudinal
reinforcement of a concrete beam to resist the vertical component.

Stucco a coarse plaster composed of Portland or masonry cement, sand and hydrated
lime, mixed with water to form a hard covering for walls