Notes:

SpecificHeatCapacity:

Higherspecificheatcapacity=higherabilitytostoreheat...

Lowerspecificheatcapacity=lowerabilitytostoreheat

Q=mcT
Q=
m=
c=
T=
Law of conservation says the total
energy remains constant.
For the system
Q>0 = heat is absorbed
Q<0 = heat is released
Q system= -Q surroundings



Ex1)Whatisthechangeinheatenergywhen114.3gofwaterat14.8israisedto18.0?
Thespecificheatcapacityofwateris4.186J/g*

Ex2)Whatisthespecificheatofametalifitsmassis26.86gandrequires418.6Jofheatto
raiseitstemperaturefrom27.4to67.3?

Ex3)If32.0gofNH3wasburnedinabombcalorimetercontaining52.5gofwater.Whatisthe
heatgivenoffbythecombustionofNH3?Thetemperatureofthewaterraises84.2.

Ex4)If67.1gofwaterisgoingthroughtheprocessofmeltingfor4minutesat0.0,how
muchenergymustbeadded?Theheatoffusionis334J/gandtheheatofvaporizationif2260
J/g.

 Assignment:
QuantitativeEnergyProblemsWorksheet
Specific Heat Capacities (Joules/1 g 1 o C) Specific Heat Capacities (Joules/1 g 1 o C)
Aluminum 0.903 watersolid .2.02
Brass 0.386 waterliquid .4.18

Sand .0.740 watergas .2.06
Lead . 0.128
Iron ...0.449

334 J/g Heat of fusion (melting or freezing) Hfus

2260 J/g Heat of vaporization (evaporating or condensing) HVap

For ALL problems, show all work. All units must be shown in work and the final answer
for credit. All answers to be recorded to the correct number of significant figures!

1. The mass of a chunk of iron was measured to be 78.2 grams. If 982 Joules of heat energy
is added to the sample of iron, how much will the temperature change?

2. A 27.9 grams of ethyl alcohol was heated on a hotplate from 24.3oC to 62.6oC. It was
determined that this hotplate supplied 2586 Joules of heat energy to the ethyl alcohol.
What is the specific heat capacity of ethyl alcohol?

3. A large amount of sand was dumped into a bucket of very hot water. The temperature of
the sand increased from 23.1oC to 37.3oC while 743 Joules of heat was absorbed from the
water. What was the mass of the sand?

4. How much heat energy must be added to increase the temperature of 94.9 grams of water
if the waters temperature is raised from 22.3oC to 83.8oC?
5. A pot of water was placed on a burner at medium heat.
a. Approximately 5207 Joules of heat was added to liquid water. The temperature of
the water increased by 18.6oC. What is the mass of the water?

b. Assuming that energy is conserved completely, how many joules of energy left the
burner?

6. Suppose that a 300 g sample of brass was heated from 21 oC to 77 oC .

a. How many Joules of energy (in kJ) would have been absorbed by the brass?

b. If this hot brass were then placed into 100 g of liquid water, assuming energy is
conserved completely, what would be the temperature change of the water?

7. Suppose a bag full of solid ice (450 g) at 0.0 C sits on the counter and begins to melt to
liquid water. How much energy must be absorbed by the ice to completely melt?

8. A tray of ice (50 g) is removed from the freezer and has an initial temperature of -10.3 C,
how much heat energy is added by the time the water reaches room temperature at 22.5 C.

 Activities:
SpecificHeatCapacitySimulation
Specific Heat Capacity: The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one
gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

To learn more about specific heat capacity visit the following link:
http://employees.oneonta.edu/viningwj/sims/specific_heat_s.html

Click Description (in the top right hand corner). After reading the description, answer the
following:
1. When an object gains thermal energy, temperature changes. The magnitude of the
temperature change depends on _____________________________,
___________________________, and ___________________________________.

2. Using the simulation, switch the variables to fill in the table for wood and water for energy
added and T(final).

Material Mass Flame Energy T (final) T (initial) T *

Duration added
Wood 5.0 g 3 sec 20.0
Wood 10.0 g 3 sec 20.0
Wood 10.0 g 5 sec 20.0
Water 5.0 g 3 sec 20.0
Water 10.0g 3 sec 20.0
Water 10.0g 5 sec 20.0

3. Calculate the change in temperature (T) for the substances and enter in the table above.
*T = T (final) - T (initial)

Using your filled in table, answer the following:

4. Answer the following regarding the relationship between the energy added and the
change in temperature (when mass and the material is constant)

a. Pick two lines from the table above, to use for comparison, that have the same mass and
the same substance. Enter your two lines below.
Material Mass Flame Energy T (final) T (initial) T
Duration added

b. When mass and material is constant, if the energy added increases, the change in
temperature increases -or- decreases (circle one)
c. The relationship between the energy added and the change in temperature is direct -or-
indirect -or- no relationship. (Circle one)

d. Draw a rough sketch

of a graph representing
the relationship between
the energy added and
the change in temperature.

5. Answer the following regarding the relationship between mass and the change in
temperature (when the energy added and the type of material is constant).

a. Pick two lines from the table above, to use for comparison, that have the same amount
of energy added to the same substance. Enter your two lines below.

b. When the energy added and the type of material is constant, if mass increases, the change
in temperature increases -or- decreases. (Circle one)
Material Mass Flame Energy T (final) T (initial) T
duration added

c. The relationship between mass and the change in temperature is direct -or- indirect -or-
no relationship. (Circle one)

d. Draw a rough sketch of a graph

representing the relationship
between mass and change in temperature?

6. Answer the following regarding the relationship between the material and the change
in temperature (when the energy added and the mass is constant).

a. When the same amount of energy is added to the substances, the temperature of wood
-or- water increases more. (Circle one)

b. Refer to the definition at the top of the page and answer the following: which substance
wood -or- water has a higher specific heat capacity? (Circle one)

c. Explain your choice in b.

Using the simulation, answer the question below.
http://employees.oneonta.edu/viningwj/sims/specific_heat_s.html

7. You will now rank all of the given substances from low specific heat capacity to high specific
heat capacity. Explain the procedure you will follow (including the values for each of the
variables)

a) Procedure:

b) Ranking:

c) How does the heat capacity of a substance affect its use outside of a science class?
Use an example from the list above to explain!

DiscoveringEnergyofChanges
Visit http://employees.oneonta.edu/viningwj/sims/heat_transfer_s.html - to complete the
following.

Part I: Energy In and Energy Out

A. Assume-
1. You add 5.0g of water to a beaker. Assume the initial temperature is 25 C.
2. Then, you add a 5.0 g sample of copper with an initial temperature of 25 C to the water.

B. Would you predict for the temperature of the copper to increase, decrease, or remain the
same? (circle one) Explain:

C. Set-up the simulation to match the above conditions. Fill in the table with your data.
Type of Mass of Tinital Tfinal T Mass of Tinital Tfinal T
metal copper copper copper copper water water water water
Copper
*You will need to calculate T . The final temp represented in the simulation is the final temp
for both.

D. Do the results match your prediction? Explain.

E. Assume-
1. You add 5.0g of water to a beaker. Assume the initial temperature is 25 C.
2. Then, you add a 5.0 g sample of copper with an initial temperature of 50 C to the
water.

F. Would you predict for the temperature of the copper to increase, decrease, or remain the
same? (circle one) Explain:
G. Set-up the simulation to match the above conditions. Fill in the table with the resultant data.
Type of Mass of Tinital Tfinal T Mass of Tinital Tfinal T
metal copper copper copper copper water water water water
Copper

H. Do the results support your prediction? Explain.

I. a. Calculate the heat energy absorbed by the water. Show all final math work. Include units
in work and answer.

b. Give the amount of energy released by the copper (you should not need to calculate this
value): ______________________

J. Draw a rough sketch for the appropriate Draw a rough sketch for the appropriate
heating or cooling curve (one or the other) heating or cooling curve (one or the other)
for copper for water

K. Place a star on each graph above for where the temperature starts and a square on each
graph for where the temperature of both ends.

L. Label the curves for J as heating or cooling.

M. Explain the transfer of energy. Use a particle diagram to SHOW the transfer of energy.
Explain: Particle Diagram:
Part II. Comparing Substances
Will substances with a higher specific heat capacity or lower specific heat capacity (assume
equal mass and a starting temp of 50.0 C) add the most heat energy to water (at 25 C)?

A. Provide a prediction: (Recall: If . Then . Because )

B. Use the simulation to answer your question. Fill in the resultant data in the following table-
Type of Mass of Tinital Tfinal T Mass of Tinital Tfinal T
metal substance substance substance substance water water water water
Copper 5.0 g 5.0 g
Glass 5.0 g 5.0 g
Wood 5.0 g 5.0 g

C. Pick one of the trials above. Explain the transfer of energy. Use a particle diagram to SHOW
the transfer of energy.
Explain: Particle Diagram:

D. Calculate the heat energy (Q) added to the water in each trial. Show all WORK! Include
units in your work and your final answer!
Copper Glass Wood

E. Calculate the SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY for each substance. Show all WORK!
Include units in your work and your final answer!
Copper Glass Wood

F. Do the results you calculated in E support your prediction? Explain.

G. Application: Assume instead that each metal and the wood samples were heated in boiling
water until they reached a constant temperature of 100oC. Rank the samples' heat energy
at that temperature. Explain your reasoning. (Refer to your answer for E as support.)
 Assessment:
You are given a metal and asked to determine the identity. You are to do this by calculating the
specific heat of a metal. You place the metal in boiling water until the metal and the water
reach the same temperature, then the meta is transferred to a 100.0 g sample of water with a
starting measured temperature of 21.31 C. You wait until the metal and the 100.0 g sample of
water reach the same temperature, at that time you record the temperature of the water as
24.80 C. The data are given below:
Mass water: 100.0 g
Initial temp of water: 21.31 C
Final temp of water: 24.80 C
Mass metal: 50.0 g

1. Given the specific heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18 J/gC, calculate the amount of
heat that is absorbed by the water.

2. How does the heat absorbed by the water compare to the heat lost by the metal?

3. What is the initial temperature of the hot metal? (You will not need to calculate think
boiling!!)

4. What is the final temp of the hot metal? (You will not need to calculate think look in
the table!!)

5. Calculate the temperature change of the metal.

6. Calculate the specific heat capacity for the metal. Show all work include units and
work in your final answer.

7. Give the following specific heat capacities, determine the identity of your metal.
Tin: 0.227 J/gC Zinc: 0.388 J/gC Aluminum: 0.891 J/gC
Pick one and explain your choice: