Calculus and Vectors How to get an A+

5.4 5.5 Derivative of Trigonometric Functions

A Review of Trigonometric Functions Ex 1. Compute the following limits.

a) lim sin x (use the graph of sin x )
sin x : R [1,1] sin( x + 2 ) = sin x x
lim sin x DNE (Does Not Exist)
x
cos x : R [1,1] cos( x + 2 ) = cos x
b) lim tan x
sin( x + / 2) = cos x sin( x + ) = sin x x / 2
lim tan x =
x / 2
sin(2 x) = 2 sin x cos x cos(2 x) = cos 2 x sin 2 x

sin x Ex 2. Use technology to evaluate each limit.

tan x = tan x : R \ + n , n Z R sin x
cos x 2 a) lim
x0 x
sin 0.001 sin x
0.9999998333 lim = 1 (*)
0.001 x0 x

cos x 1
b) lim
x0 x
cos 0.001 1 cos x 1
0.0005 lim =0 (**)
0.001 x 0 x
B Derivative of sin x Ex 3. Differentiate.
a) x 3 sin x
(sin x)' = cos x (1) ( x 3 sin x)' = ( x 3 )' sin x + x 3 (sin x)' = 3 x 2 sin x + x 3 cos x

Proof:
sin( x + h) sin x ex
(sin x)' = lim b)
h 0 h sin x
'
sin x cos h + cos x sin h sin x e x e x sin x e x cos x e x (sin x cos x)
= lim
h 0 h sin x = sin 2 x
=
sin 2 x

cos h 1 sin h
= sin x lim + cos x lim
h 0 h h 0 h c) ln sin x
Use now the limits (*) and (**): (sin x)' cos x
(sin x)' = sin x(0) + cos x(1) = cos x (ln sin x)' = =
sin x sin x
C Derivative of sin f ( x) Ex 5. Differentiate.
Using (1) and chain rule: a) sin x 2
sin x 2 = (cos x 2 )( x 2 )' = 2 x cos x 2
[sin f ( x)]' = (cos f ( x)) f ' ( x ) (2)
b) sin e x
(sin e x )' = (cos e x )(e x )' = e x cos e x

1
c) sin
ln x
'
1 1 1
sin ln x = cos ln x [(ln x) ]'

1
cos
1 2 ln x
= cos (1)(ln x) (ln x)' = 2
ln x x ln x

5.4 5.5 Derivative of Trigonometric Functions

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D Derivative of cos x Ex 5. Differentiate.

(cos x)' = sin x (3) a) e x cos x
Proof:
(cos x)' = [sin( x + / 2)]' = [cos( x + / 2)]( x + / 2)' (e x cos x)' = (e x )' cos x + e x (cos x)' = e x cos x + e x ( sin x)
= sin x
= e x (cos x + sin x)

b) cos 4 x

[cos 4 x]' = 4 cos 3 x(cos x)' = 4 cos 3 x sin x

E Derivative of cos f ( x ) Ex 6. Differentiate.

Using (3) and chain rule: a) cos(sin x)

[cos f ( x)]' = [sin f ( x)] f ' ( x) (4) [cos(sin x)]' = [ sin(sin x)](sin x)' = (cos x) sin(sin x)

1
b) cos
x2

' '
1 1 1 2 1
cos 2 = sin 2 2 = 3 sin 2
x x x x x

2
c) cos(e x )

2 2 2 2 2
[cos(e x )]' = [sin(e x )](e x )' = [sin(e x )](e x )(2 x)
2 2
= 2 xe x sin(e x )

F Derivative of tan x Ex 7. Differentiate.

(tan x)' =
1
= sec 2 x a) x 3 tan x
cos 2 x
f ' ( x) ( x 3 tan x)' = ( x 3 )' tan x + x 3 (tan x)'
[tan f ( x)]' = = sec 2 f ( x) f ' ( x)
cos 2 f ( x) x3
Proof: = 3x 2 tan x +
cos 2 x
'
sin x (sin x)' (cos x) (sin x)(cos x)'
(tan x)' = =
cos x cos 2 x b) cot x
2 2
(cos x)(cos x) (sin x)( sin x) cos x + sin x
= = (cot x)' = [(tan x ) 1 ]' = (tan x) 2 (tan x )'
cos 2 x cos 2 x
1 1 1
1 = = = csc 2 x
= 2
= sec 2 x 2
tan x cos x 2
sin 2 x
cos x

c) tan x 2 + 1

( x 2 + 1)' 1 2x
(tan x 2 + 1)' = =
2 2 2
cos x +1 cos x +1 2 x2 +1
2

x
=
x + 1 cos 2 x 2 + 1
2

5.4 5.5 Derivative of Trigonometric Functions

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 Calculus and Vectors How to get an A+

Ex 8. Find the equation of the tangent line to the Ex 9. Find the points of inflection for f ( x) = cos 2 x over the
graph of y = f ( x) = sin x at ( / 4,1 / 2 ) . interval [0, ] .
f ' ( x) = cos x
m = cos( / 4) = 1 / 2 f ' ( x) = 2 cos x(cos x)' = 2 sin x cos x
1 1 f ' ' ( x) = 2(sin x)' cos x 2 sin x(cos x)'
y = x
2 2 4 = 2 cos 2 x + 2 sin 2 x
1 1 f ' ' ( x) = 0 sin 2 x = cos 2 x tan 2 x = 1 tan x = 1
y = x+ 1
2 2 4 3
f ' ' ( x) = 0 at ,
4 4
1 3 1
The inflection points are: , and ,
4 2 4 2

Ex 10. Find the global extrema for Ex 11. Consider the following position function:
f ( x) = x + cos x, 0 x 2 . t
s (t ) = 5 sin .
10
f ' ( x) = 1 sin x
2
f ' ( x) = 0 when sin x = 1 x = / 2 Prove that: a(t ) + s (t ) = 0 .
100
f ( / 2) = / 2
f (0) = 1 t t t
v(t ) = s ' (t ) = 5 cos ' = cos
f (2 ) = 2 + 1 10 10 2 10
The global maximum point is (2 ,2 + 1) . t t 2 t
a(t ) = v ' (t ) = (1) sin ' = sin
The global minimum point is (0,1) . 2 10 10 20 10
2 2 t
2
t
a(t ) + s (t ) = sin + (5) sin = 0
100 20 10 100 10

Reading: Nelson Textbook, Pages 250-256

Homework: Nelson Textbook: Page 256 #1cfj, 2acd, 3b, 5ad, 6c, 11, 12, 14

Reading: Nelson Textbook, Pages 258-259

Homework: Nelson Textbook: Page 260 #1ade, 2b, 3abf, 4a, 6, 7, 8

5.4 5.5 Derivative of Trigonometric Functions

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