TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 19, SO K4-2016
S dng d liu vin thm radar trong xc
nh rng ngp mn
Hong Phi Phng 1
Lm o Nguyn 1
Phm Bch Vit 2
1
Trung tm ng dng Cng ngh V tinh min Nam, Trung tm V tinh Quc gia
2
Trng i hc Khoa hc X hi v Nhn vn, HQG-HCM
(Bn tho nhn ngy 28 thng 06 nm 2016, hon chnh sa cha ngy 18 thng 08 nm 2016)
TM TT:
Rng ngp mn (RNM) c xem l mt
trong nhng h sinh thi rng c ngha quan
trng v mt sinh thi, mi trng v ti nguyn
sinh vt. Phng php vin thm s dng d
liu radar c tim nng cao trong xc nh,
phn loi v gim st RNM. Thu nhn nh theo
phng php radar khng b nh hng bi cc
hin tng thi tit trong bu kh quyn (nh b
che ph bi my) v c th thu nhn nh vo
bt k thi im no trong ngy (k c ngy v
m). Nghin cu ny xem xt kh nng xc
nh, phn loi RNM ca hai loi nh radar
T kha: ALOS PALSAR, ENVISAT ASAR, xc nh, rng ngp mn, phn cc.
1. GII THIU
Cc nghin cu cho thy kt qu tt nht
cho vic c lng rng nhn c t d liu
SAR knh L v P [1]. c bit trong RNM,
Mougin v cng s [2] tm thy tng quan
cao khi s dng phn cc HV vi knh P. Cc
bc sng di cng thun li cho vic phn loi
RNM ti mt thi im. S phn bit gia rng
ang pht trin (young forest) v rng trng
thnh (mature forest) c th thc hin c
knh L (thng qua t hp ca d liu HH - HV)
hoc tt hn vi bn phn cc hoc d liu phn
cc y vi pha bo ton (phase-preserved)
ENVISAT ASAR APP (knh C) v ALOS
PALSAR (knh L) khu vc bn o C Mau.
Kt qu cho thy d liu ENVISAT ASAR APP
kh khn khi phn loi cc i tng RNM vi
phn cc kp HH&HV cho mt thi im nh.
D liu ALOS PALSAR phn cc kp HH&HV
mt thi im c kh nng xc nh khc bit
rng theo che ph cy rng, cn xc nh
kiu rng theo loi (nh rng Mm v rng
c) th kh nhn din chnh xc. Kt qu
phn loi theo che ph rng c chnh xc
vo khong 81,91%.
[3]. Da trn d liu SIR-C/X-SAR, Kiplich [4]
cho thy l kh khn khi tch bit cc giai
on sinh trng ca rng Amazon vi chnh
xc va khi thc hin trn cc knh X, C v
L. Tuy nhin, Rignot v cng s [5] kt lun
knh C c kh nng tch bit rng hn l knh
L v P. Cc kt lun khc nhau ca h cho thy
nn nghin cu nhiu hn cc vng v cc
loi thc vt khc nhau, v s dng d liu phn
cc, bc sng v gc ti khc nhau c th
tnh n cc thay i a phng.
Theo T chc Lng thc v Nng nghip
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, Vol. 19, No. K4-2016

Lin Hip Quc (FAO), RNM l nhng cy thn 2. KHU VC NGHIN CU, D LIU V
g v cy bi mc di mc triu cao ca triu PHNG PHP
cng [6]. C ch tng tc ch yu ca sng 2.1 Khu vc nghin cu
radar vi cc giai on pht trin ca RNM ph Phn lnh th t lin ca tnh C Mau
thuc vo bc sng radar [7]. Mi quan h ny nm trong ta t 8o30' - 9o10' v Bc v
c th c tm thy trong nghin cu ca 104o8' - 105o5' kinh ng. Tnh C Mau c
Mougin v cng s [2], v Proisy v cng s [8] ng b bin di 254 km, chim 7,8 % chiu
kho st mi quan h gia d liu SAR vi di b bin c nc (Ngun: Cng thng tin
cc ch tn s v phn cc khc nhau, v cu in t C Mau, 2016) c RNM l mt tm chn
trc thnh phn RNM cho khu vc Guiana, t nhin bo v b bin. Trong ti ny s gii
Php. hn phm vi nghin cu c trnh by hnh
Phn loi RNM t d liu quang hc hu 1.
nh c xem xt v nghin cu nhiu [9,
10], cn d liu SAR thng c s dng nh
mt d liu b sung thng tin. Tuy nhin vi
kh nng ca cc b cm phn cc, d liu radar
c th ng dng c lp cho mc tiu phn loi.
Mt vi nghin cu trch thng tin bn rng
t d liu JERS-1 v ERS-1/ERS-2 vng nhit
i, mc ch chnh l xc nh cc vng b ph
rng [11, 12]. Cc phng php da trn d liu
SAR cho vic tch bit cc lp ph nh: phng
Hnh 1. Bn hnh chnh tnh C Mau v v tr khu
php cy quyt nh [13], cng ngh mixed vc nghin cu mi C Mau
spectral model [14], support vector machines
2.2 D liu s dng
(SVM) [15]. Cc nghin cu khc s dng
Cc d liu nh thu thp cho nghin cu
cc d liu SAR khc nh RADARSAT [16],
c trnh by bng 2. ti s dng d liu
ALOS PALSAR (PLR) [17] v SIR-C/X-SAR
thc a vo ngy 30/11/2011 n 06/12/2011
[4].
ti mi C Mau. Trong hnh 1 l cc im kho
Hin nay h sinh thi RNM C Mau ang
st thc a c thu thp, cc thng tin ghi
chu nh hng nghim trng bi cc hot ng nhn nh sau: trng thi rng, c lng tn
ph rng hay chuyn i mc ch s dng t,
che; loi u th, c lng chiu cao cy, mt
pht trin nui trng thy sn khng theo quy cy. Cc d liu tham kho khc gm: a) Bn
hoch. Nn vic nghin cu v gim st RNM loi t loi rng ca Phn vin iu tra Quy
tr nn cp thit. Trong nghin cu ny s tm
hoch rng Nam B; b) Cc nh ca Google
hiu kh nng phn loi RNM theo loi C Earth. Da trn cc d liu ny ti xy
Mau, c th l hai loi mn v c (l hai loi dng b d liu hun luyn v d liu kim tra.
cy chnh RNM C Mau), v kh nng phn
2.3 Phng php nghin cu
loi theo mt che ph ca RNM cho hai loi
kho st kh nng tch bit cc i
d liu radar vi bc sng knh L (PLR) v
tng trong RNM theo loi v mt che ph
knh C (ENVISAT ASAR - ASA) vi hai phn
ca RNM, nghin cu thc hin kho st cc
cc HH v HV.
gi tr thng k v h s tch bit Jeffries-

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Matusita [18] trn d liu nh tin x l. Cc
bc thc hin vic phn loi c th hin qua
s hnh 2, bao gm cc bc nh sau: a) d
liu vin thm gm nh PLR v ASA s c
c tin x l v x l; b) Chn b mu d
liu kim tra v phn loi cn c vo d liu i
thc a v t liu tham kho; c) Tin hnh vic
phn loi v hu x l sau khi phn loi nh.
Hnh 2. S cc bc thc hin x l v phn loi
nh radar
Tin x l d liu radar bng cch s dng
cng c NEST (Next ESA SAR Toolbox) l mt
phn mm m ngun m, c s dng nh
chun bc x tuyt i cho d liu nh PLR
mc 1.5 v 1.1 v nh radar ASA level 1B.
Sau d hiu chnh hnh hc cc d liu nh
trng nhau v cng mt h ta . Cc nh SAR
thng c hin tng nhiu m lm gim cht
lng nh v gy tr ngi cho cng tc gii
on nh radar. Vic gim nhiu c th p dng
Bng 1. Cc thi im d liu nh v tinh thu nhn
B cm Thi gian Phn cc Kch thc phn Hng thu nh Gc ti ()
t nh (m)
ASA 03/04/2012 HH, HV
PLR 23/08/2010 HH, HV
PLR 08/10/2010 HH, HV
PLR 23/11/2010 HH, HV
TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 19, SO K4- 2016
phng php lc khng gian v phng php
lc a thi gian [16].
Phng php ly mu hun luyn theo
Jensen [19, 20] l vic chn s phn t nh
trong mi lp t nht gp 10 ln s knh s
dng. iu ny m bo cho php my tnh c
th tnh ton ma trn phng sai v hip phng
sai, bc tnh ton ny thng c thc hin
trong cc phn mm phn loi.
nh gi kt qu phn loi, bi bo s
dng phng php ma trn sai s v phng
php ly mu h thng (systematic pattern). Cc
mu kim tra nh gi sai s c ly da trn
cc d liu nh d liu i thc a v d liu
tham kho. Trong ti ny s mu kim tra
c ly l 246 mu kim tra, p dng cng
thc xc sut nh thc (binomial probability)
c lng s mu cn thit [20].
3. KT QU
3.1 Lc nhiu a thi gian
ti thc hin lc a thi gian vi ba
thi im nh PLR. Kt qu lc a thi gian cho
nh PLR ngy 23/11/2010 phn cc kp HH v
HV vi cc ca s khc nhau l 3x3, 5x5, 7x7
v 9x9 (Hnh 3). D nhn thy kt qu trc khi
lc v sau khi lc c s khc bit nhiu, sau khi
lc cc i tng nhn thy ng u v loi b
bt hin tng nhiu m. Cng t kt qu sau
khi lc a thi gian vi ca s lc cng ln th
cng bt nhiu m hn. Do trong ti ny
s s dng phng php lc a thi gian vi ca
s 9x9.
Ghi ch
12,5 Ascending 20,60 -26,01
12,5 Ascending 38,70 Gc ti ti tm nh
12,5 Ascending 38,70 Gc ti ti tm nh
12,5 Ascending 38,70 Gc ti ti tm nh
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, Vol. 19, No. K4-2016

Bng 2. Cc kha gii on c s dng cho

phn loi theo loi v mt cy ca nh PLR
TT K hiu M t
1 Dancu Cc cng trnh xy dng
(khng phi rng)
2 Av_day Rng mm c mt cy
dy c che ph khong t
70% tr ln
3 Av_TB Rng mm c mt trung
bnh c che ph khong
t 50% n 70%
4 Av_thua Rng mm c mt tha
c che ph khong t
Hnh 3. Php lc a thi gian vi cc ca s lc khc 30% n 50%
nhau 5 Rh_day Rng c c mt cy
dy c che ph khong t
70% tr ln
6 Rh_TB Rng c c mt trung
bnh c che ph khong
t 50% n 70%
7 Rh_thua Rng c c mt tha
c che ph khong t
30% n 50%
8 Av_Open Rng mm mi pht trin
1 trn bi bi ven bin c mt
Hnh 4. Biu tn x ca phn cc HH v HV cho dy
9 Av_Open Rng mm mi pht trin
kha gii on ca nh PLR 23/11/2010 trc khi lc
2 trn bi bi ven bin c mt
a thi gian (tri) v sau khi lc a thi gian (phi). trung bnh
3.2 Kh nng phn loi theo loi vo theo 10 Av_Open Rng mm mi pht trin
mt cy ca nh PLR 3 trn bi bi ven bin c mt
tha
Ch yu cn c vo d liu thc a v bn
11 Rh_Av1 Rng mm v c hn giao
loi t rng ca Phn vin iu tra Quy c mt dy
hoch rng Nam B chn cc kha gii on 12 Rh_Av2 Rng mm v c hn giao
phn cp theo loi v mt ca cy rng. Cc c mt trung bnh
kha gii on c trnh by nh trong bng 2. 13 MN1 Mt nc bin
Tt c cc kha gii on ny s c trch cc 14 MN2 Mt nc sng
15 MN3 Mt nc ao h
thng tin tn x ngc cho tng phn cc HH
16 Rh_Ao1 Rng c xen k ao nui
v HV trc khi lc a thi gian v sau khi lc tm loi 1 (RNM c che
a thi gian cho nh ngy 23/11/2010. Hnh 4 ph thp hn mt nc)
cho thy biu tn x ca cc phn cc HH v 17 Rh_Ao2 Rng c xen k ao nui
HV cho trng hp trc v sau khi lc a thi tm loi 2 (RNM c che
ph cao hn mt nc)
gian, cc lp i tng t b nhiu vi nhau hn
so vi trng hp khng c lc nhiu a thi Trong hnh 5 cho thy kh c kh nng
gian. D nhn thy cc i tng RNM v mt phn bit c i tng rng c v rng
nc gim bt nhiu rt nhiu, cn i tng mm v chng c gi tr tn x ngc trung bnh
dn c th t b nh hng hn bi php lc ny. v lch chun gn nh nhau. iu ny cng

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tng t cho loi rng hn giao mm c, n
cng c gi tr trung bnh v lch chun gn
vi loi rng mm v rng c. Cn loi rng
mm mi pht trin cc bi bi ven bin
(Av_Open) c kh nng nhn bit c vi nh
radar PLR. Tuy nhin n cng c kh nng
nhm ln cao vi loi rng c xen khe ao
nui tm loi 1 (Rh_Ao1) v gi tr trung bnh
ca chng gn nhau c hai phn cc. iu ny
c th gii thch l rng mm mi pht trin
thng ngp nc v mt cy thp nn phn
ln tn x ngc ca sng radar s b mt nc
phn x i ging nh loi Rh_Ao1.
Hnh 5. Biu tn x ca phn cc HH v HV cho
loi v mt RNM ca PLR 23/11/2010 sau khi lc
a thi gian
Cui cng cn li rng c xen k ao
nui tm loi 2 (Rh_Ao2) li c kh nng nhm
ln vi RNM trung bnh v tha (k c rng
mm v rng c). Do kh khn khi phn
loi theo loi bng nh PLR knh L phn cc
kp HH, HV vi mt thi im nh. ng thi
t kt qu nh gi cng cho thy kh nng
phn loi theo mt che ph ca RNM. Tuy
nhin cng c kh nng nhm ln gia rng
mm mi pht trin trn bi bi (Av_Open) vi
rng c xen k ao nui tm loi 1 (Rh_Ao1);
v cc loi RNM tha v trung bnh (Av_TB,
Av_thua, Rh_thua v Rh_TB) vi loi rng
c xen k ao nui tm loi 2 (Rh_Ao2). Hnh
5 cho thy che ph rng thp th gi tr tn x
ngc cng cao c hai loi rng. iu ny c
th gii thch l do rng tha nn sng radar i
xuyn qua tn cy rng v xung nn rng, nn
tn x ngc cao do c s gp phn: tn x t
TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 19, SO K4- 2016
nn t m (t m tn x mnh), v tn x
double-bounce gia mt nc v cy rng hoc
nn rng v cy rng.
3.3 Kho st kh nng phn loi theo loi v
mt ca nh ASA
Cc kha gii on c ly tng t nh
trng hp nh PLR trn. Tt c cc kha ny
s c trch cc thng tin tn x ngc cho
phn cc kp HH, HV ca nh ASA
03/04/2012. Do d liu ch c mt nh nn
khng th lc a thi gian. Hnh 6 trnh by gi
tr trung bnh v lch chun sau khi c
thng k. Gi tr trung bnh ca cc loi RNM
chnh lch nhau khng nhiu, m gi tr lch
chun ca cc loi ny rt ln. Do kh nng
tch bit v phn loi RNM theo loi v mt
s kh khn vi nh ASA phn cc kp HH,
HV.
Hnh 6. Biu gi tr trung bnh v lch chun
(n v dB) ca cc kha phn loi, ASA 03/04/2012,
phn cc HH (pha trn) v HV (pha di)
3.4 Phn loi RNM s dng nh PLR
T kt qu phn tch thng k cc d liu
mu trong RNM ca nh PLR, ng thi nghin
cu cn tnh h s tch bit Jeffries-Matusita
cho cc kha gii on trong bng 2. Kt qu h
s tch bit Jeffries-Matusita c trnh by
bng 3. Theo Richards [18] th nhng cp kha
gii on no c h s tch bit t 1,9 l hai i
tng phn bit c tt nht. H s ny di 1
th hai i tng ny gn nh khng phn bit
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, Vol. 19, No. K4-2016

c, nn gp chung thnh mt nhm vi cng SVM cho chnh xc ton cc v h s Kappa

kha gii on. Cn h s t 1 n 1,9 th h s
cng ln th tch bit gia cc cp kha gii
on cng ln. Trong nghin cu ny s nhm
chung cc lp i tng no c h s tch bit
Jeffries-Matusita di 1,5 m bo chnh
xc. Do cc kha gii on cn li gm 4
nhm: RNM dy, RNM tha, mt nc, dn c.
Bng 3. H s tch bit Jeffries-Matusita ca
cc kha gii on cho d liu nh PLR
23/11/2010
cao ln lt l 81,91% v 0,7322. Trong
chnh xc (CX) ngi sn xut nh nht l
69,7% i vi i tng RNM tha v CX
ngi s dng l 83,9%. Trong trng hp ny
xy ra nhm ln gia RNM tha thnh cc i
tng mt nc l nhiu nht, iu ny lm
gim CX ngi sn xut i tng ny ch
cn 69,7% (Bng 4). Cn CX ngi s dng
nh nht l 74.2% i vi i tng mt nc.

Bng 4. Ma trn sai s phn loi cho nh PLR

23/11/2010 vi phng php phn loi SVM
D liu mt t
Phn loi
1 2 3 4 Tng
Dancu (1) 13 0 0 0 13
RNM_day (2) 0 235 25 0 260
RNM_thua (3) 3 37 265 11 316
MN (4) 0 12 90 293 395
Tng 16 284 380 304 984 Hnh 7. Kt qu phn loi nh PLR 23/11/2010 theo
CX ngi 81, phng php SVM
sn xut (%) 3 82,8 69,7 96,4
CX ngi
dng (%) 100 90,4 83,9 74,2 4. KT LUN
Phng php lc a thi gian cho thy l
chnh xc ton cc = (806/984) =
81,91% mt phng php hiu qu cao trong vic lc
nhiu m ca nh radar v nng cao chnh
H s Kappa = 0,7322
xc phn loi. Kt qu kho st kh nng phn
Kt qu phn loi cc vi 4 i tng sau loi theo loi (rng mm v c) kh khn khi
khi b i cc i tng d nhm ln RNM trung nhn bit i vi nh PLR hai phn cc HH v
bnh v RNM xen k mt nc, vi phng HV vi mt thi im. Ngc li kt qu phn
php phn loi SVM c trnh by nh hnh 7 loi theo che ph rng c chnh xc vo
v bng 4. D nhn thy vi hai phng php khong 81,91%. i vi nh ASA vi bc

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 TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 19, SO K4- 2016

sng knh C ch c tng tc tng trn ca tn i vi cc loi i tng RNM v d liu o

rng dn n kh phn bit cc i tng RNM.
nng cao v nh gi kh nng phn loi
theo mt RNM chi tit hn cn c nhng
nghin cu v c ch tng tc ca sng radar
chi tit hn.
Li cm n: Nghin cu ny c ti tr
bi Qu pht trin khoa hc v cng ngh quc
gia (NAFOSTED) trong ti m s 105.99-
2011.15.

Identifying mangrove forests using radar

remote sensing data
Hoang Phi Phung 1
Lam Dao Nguyen 1
Pham Bach Viet 2
1
Vietnam Southern Satellite Technology Application Center, VNSC, Vietnam
2
Ho Chi Minh city University of Social Sciences and Humanities, VNU-HCM, Vietnam

ABSTRACT
Mangrove is one of the ecologically
significant ecosystems in coastal areas, both on
environment and biological resources. Radar
remote sensing demonstrates a high potential in
detecting, identifying, mapping and monitoring
mangrove forests. Advantages of radar remote
sensing are that almost unaffected by the
weather phenomena in the atmosphere, e.g.
clouds so that it can acquire images at day and
night times. This study considers possibilities of
ALOS PALSAR (L-band) and ENVISAT ASAR
Keywords: ALOS PALSAR, ENVISAT ASAR, identify, mangrove forests, polarization.
APP (C-band) for identifying mangrove forests.
Results show that using single-date data of
ENVISAT ASAR APP including dual
polarization HH&HV are difficult to classify
mangrove objects; whilst single-date data of
ALOS PALSAR with dual polarization HH&HV
have a better classification for tree density but
at species level identification (e.g. Avicenna or
Rhizophora) is more difficult. Results classified
according to forest cover density data with
overall accuracy of 81.91.

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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, Vol 19, No.K4- 2016
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