The bar chart shows the relative electricity consumption and cost per The bar chart shows
bar chart shows the oil production capacity of six different
year of various household devices.
The bar chart compares the energy consumption and expense of operating
16 different items of household equipment. Overall, we can see significant
differences in both cost and consumption.
To begin with, there are some common household items which consume
relatively little energy. These include an electric blanket (approx. $10 or
100kwh/year), a microwave oven (approx. $15 or 150kwh/year) and a
television (approx. $17 or 170kwh/year).
By contrast, devices that might be classified as luxury items such as a pool
pump or spa are comparatively expensive and energy-intensive, at nearly
$125 or 1500kwh/year and around $190 or 2225kwh/year respectively.
It is interesting to note that even among household items normally
considered alike, such as a microwave and refrigerator, there are enormous
discrepancies in cost and energy use. The former uses only around $15 or
150kwh/year, while the latter consumes at least six times that amount at $90
or 1150kwh/year.
In conclusion, it appears that there is no clear pattern in the relative energy
consumption of domestic equipment, although households had better be
aware of the high running costs of luxury items such as a pool pump and
spa.
countries between 1990 and 2010
The bar graph illustrates the amount of oil produced in million barrels per day in six
given countries from 1990 and 2010.
The bar graph illustrates the amount of oil produced in millions of barrels per day in
six given countries from 1990 to 2010.
It can be seen that oil production capacities increased over the period shown. Overall,
Saudi Arabia had the greatest increases in the amount of oil produced, while Qatar
was the lowest producing nation.
Saudi Arabia produced well above 8 million barrels per day in 1990, which is as much
as the combined oil production from Iraq, Kuwait and UAE, Over the subsequent
years, oil production capacities in Saudi Arabia increased dramatically to just above
12 million barrels per day in 2005, and this even rose further to well above 14 million
barrels per day by the year 2010. However, compared to Saudi Arabia, Qatar was
the lowest oil producing region, at under 1 million barrels per day.
Oil production in the remaining countries was very similar. Oil outputs in Iran
were nearly 3 million barrels per day in 1990, and this rose gradually, reaching a little
above 4 million barrels per day in 2010. Simultaneously, the figure for
Iraq increased in twofold, rising from 2 million barrels per day in 1990 to 4 million
barrels per day in 2010. Oil production capacities in both UAE and Kuwait rose by 2
million barrels of oil in total between 1990 and 2010, although the former had a
slightly higher figure than the latter in 1990.
Below is a map of the city of Brandfield. City planners have decided to
build a new shopping mall for the area, and two sites, S1 and S2 have
been proposed. Sample Aswer 2:

Map of Brandfield with two proposed sites for a shopping mall
The map illustrates plans for two possible sites for a shopping mall in the city
of Brandfield. It can be seen that the two sites under consideration are in the
north and the south east of the town
.
The first possible site for the shopping mall, S1, is just north of the city
centre, above the railway line, which runs from the south east of the city to
the north west. If it is built here, it will be next to a large housing estate, thus
providing easy access for those living on the estate and in the city centre. It
will also be next to the river, which runs through the town.

The site in the south east, S2, is again just by the railway line and fairly close
to the city centre, but it is near to an industrial estate rather than housing.
There is a main road that runs through the city and is close to both sites, thus
providing good road access to either location. A large golf course and park in
the west of the town prevents this area from being available as a site.
190 words

Sample Answer 1:

The map illustrates plans for two possible sites for a shopping mall in the city
of Brandfield. It can be seen that the two sites under consideration are in the
north and the south east of the town.

The first possible site for the shopping mall, S1, is just north of the city
centre, above the railway line, which runs from the south east of the city to
the north west. If it is built here, it will be next to a large housing estate, thus
providing easy access for those living on the estate and in the city centre. It
will also be next to the river, which runs through the town.

The site in the south east, S2, is again just by the railway line and fairly close
to the city centre, but it is near to an industrial estate rather than housing.

There is a main road that runs through the city and is close to both sites, thus
providing good road access to either location. A large golf course and park in
the west of the town prevents this area from being available as a site.

Reasons for Studying and Levels of Support
The first chart gives information about the purpose for study among various age
groups of students, while the second chart shows help given by employers to them.
It is clear that younger students (under 26) study for their career, whereas those over
49 study for just interest. Employers provide support mainly to the under 26 age
group.
80 per cent of the students get education to develop their career in the under 26 age
group. These numbers decrease as age groups increase. Just under 20 percent of
students aged over 49 study for their career. By contrast, the number of students
studying for interest are highest for those aged over 49, whereas it is lowest for under
26 year olds.
The employers give more support to the under 26 group. The age group 30-39 gets
lowest support but the age groups 26-29, 40-49 and over 49 get a better amount of
support than the 30-39 age group.
The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three
different areas.
The three graphs of wheat exports each show a quite different pattern
between 1985 and 1990. Exports from Australia declined over the five-year
period, while the Canadian market fluctuated considerably, and the European
Community showed an increase.
In 1985, Australia exported about 15 millions of tonnes of wheat and the
following year the number increased by one million tonnes to 16 million. After
that, however, there was a gradual decline until 1989 and 1990 when it
stabilised at about 11 million tonnes. Over the same period, the amount of
Canadian exports varied greatly. It started at 19 million tonnes in 1985,
reached a peak in 1988 of 24 million, dropped dramatically in 1989 to 14
million tonnes and then climbed back to 19 million in 1990. Seventeen million
tonnes were exported from the European Community in 1985, but this
decreased to 14 million tonnes in 1986 and then rose to 15 million in 1987
and 1988 before increasing once more to 20 million in 1990.
The charts below show the percentage of their food budget the average
family spent on restaurant meals in different years. The graph shows
the number of meals eaten in fast food restaurants and sit-down
restaurants.
Over the past 30 years, the average family has dramatically increased the
number of meals that they eat at restaurants. The percentage of the family's
food budget spent on restaurant meals steadily climbed. Just 10 percent of
the food budget was spent on restaurant meals in 1970, and 15 percent in
1980. That percentage more than doubled in 1990, to 35 percent, and rose
again in 2000 to 50 percent.
Where families eat their restaurant meals also changed during that 30-year
period. In 1970, families ate the same number of meals at fast food and sit-
down restaurants. In 1980, families ate slightly more frequently at sit-down
restaurants. However, since 1990, fast food restaurants serve more meals to
the families than do the sit-down restaurants. Most of the restaurant meals
from 2000 were eaten at fast food restaurants. If this pattern continues,
eventually the number of meals that families eat at fast food restaurants
could double the number of meals they eat at sit-down restaurants.
(164 words)
In this analysis we will examine three pie charts. The first one is headed
World Spending. The second is World Population and the third is
Consumption of Resources.
In the first chart we can see that people spend most of their income (24%) on
food. In some countries this percentage would obviously be much higher.
Transport and then housing are the next major expenses at 18% and 12%
respectively. Only 6% of income is spent on clothing.
In the second chart entitled World Population, it is not surprising to find that
57% of people live in Asia. In fact China and India are two of the most
populated countries in the world and they are both situated on this continent.
Europe and the Americans account for nearly 30% of the total, whilst 10% of
people live in Africa.
Finally, the third chart reveals that the USA and Europe consume a huge
60% of the worlds resource.
To sum up, the major expenditure is on food, the population figures are the
highest for Asia and the major consumers are the USA and Europe.
The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide
and water consumption in two different countries.
Country Population Irrigated land Water consumption per person
Brazil 176 million 26,500 km 359 m
Democratic
Republic 5.2 million 100 km 8 m
of Congo
The graph shows how the amount of water used worldwide changed
between 1900 and 2000.
Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for
agricultural Purposes, and this increased dramatically from about 500 km to
around 3,000 km in the year 2000. Water used in the industrial and domestic
sectors also increased, but consumption was minimal until mid-century. From
1950 onwards, industrial use grew steadily to just over 1,000 km, while
domestic use rose more slowly to only 300 km, both far below the levels of
consumption by agriculture.
The table illustrates the differences in agriculture consumption in some areas
of the world by contrasting the amount of irrigated land in Brazil (26,500 km)
with that in the D.R.C. (100 km). This means that a huge amount of water is
used in agriculture in Brazil, and this is reflected in the figures for water
consumption per person: 359 m compared with only 8 m in the Congo. With
a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how high agriculture
water consumption can be in some countries.
The bar chart shows shares of expenditures for five major categories in
the United States, Canada, the UK, and Japan in the year 2009.
The bar chart compares how consumers in the United States, Canada, the
United Kingdom, and Japan allocated different shares of total spending to
categories such as food, housing, and transportation in 2009.
We can see that the United States had the highest housing expenditure
share, 26% of total expenditures in 2009. The United Kingdom and Japan
followed, with 24% and 22%, respectively. Canada had the lowest housing
share at 21%. Housing was the largest expenditure component in all
countries except Japan.
By contrast, Canada had the largest transportation share of all four
countries at 20%. The United States and the United Kingdom had the next-
highest transportation shares, 17% and 15%, respectively. Japan had the
lowest, at 10%.
However, in Japan, consumers spent 23% of their total expenditures on food
in 2009. The United Kingdom had the second-highest share at 20%. Canada,
with 15%, and the United States, with 14% had the lowest food expenditure
shares among the countries studied.
Overall, the data indicates that housing and health care shares of total
expenditures were higherin the United States than in Canada, the United
Kingdom, and Japan in 2009, whereas Americans had the lowest clothing
share. Canada had the highest clothing and transportation shares, and
Japan had the highest food share, among the countries compared.
The take below gives information about the underground railway The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families
systems in six cities. living in poverty in Australia in 1999.
Underground Railways Systems

Family type Proportion of people from each

Passengers per household type living in poverty
Kilometres of
City Date opened year single aged person 6% (54,000)
route
(in millions)
London 1863 394 775 aged couple 4% (48,000)
Paris 1900 199 1191
Tokyo 1927 155 1927 single, no children 19% (359,000)
Washington DC 1976 126 144 couple, no children 7% (211,000)
Kyoto 1981 11 45
Los Angeles 2001 28 50 sole parent 21% (232,000)

The table shows the details regarding the underground railway systems in six
cities.
London has the oldest underground railway systems among the six cities. It
was opened in the year 1863, and it is already lye years old. Paris is the
second oldest, in which it was opened in the year 1900. This was then
followed by the opening of the railway systems in Tokyo, Washington DC and
Kyoto. Los Angeles has the newest underground railway system, and was
only opened in the year 2001. In terms of the size of the railway systems,
London, For certain, has the largest underground railway systems. It has 394
kilometres of route in total, which is nearly twice as large as the system in
Paris. Kyoto, in contrast, has the smallest system. It only has 11 kilometres of
route, which is more than 30 times less than that of London.
Interestingly, Tokyo, which only has 155 kilometres of route, serves the
greatest number of passengers per year, at 1927 millions passengers. The
system in Paris has the second greatest number of passengers, at 1191
millions passengers per year. The smallest underground railway system,
Kyoto, serves the smallest number of passengers per year as predicted.
In conclusion, the underground railway systems in different cities vary a lot in
the site of the system, the number of passengers served per year and in the
age of the system.
(233 words)
couple with 12% (933,000)
children
11% (1,837,000)
all households
The table gives a breakdown of the different type of family who were living in
poverty in Australia in 1999.
On average, 11% of all households, comprising almost two million people,
were in this position. However, those consisting of only one parent or a single
adult had almost doubt this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19%
respectively.
Couples generally tended to be better off, with lower poverty levels for
couples without children (7%) than those with children (12%). It is noticeable
that for both types of household with children, a higher than average
proportion were living in poverty at this time.
Older people were generally less likely to be poor, though once again the
trend favoured eldery couples (only 4%) rather than single eldery people
(6%).
Overall the table suggests that households of single adults and those with
children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of
couples.
(154 words)

The Bar Chart shows CO2 emissions for different forms of transport in
the European Union. The Pie Chart shows the percentage of European
Union funds being spent on different forms of transport.
The chart shows CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre for variuos methods of
transport in the European Union while the pie chart shows European Union
spending on transport. Flying by air produces by far the greatest CO2 emissions,
approximately three times as much as passenger cars which are the next largest
producers. Very little is spent by the EU on air travel while roads make up more
than half of the EU transport budget.
Trains produce about three times less CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre
than passenger cars and eight times less than air travel. Nearly a third of EU
transport funds are spent on railways.
Ships are a clean form of transport and produce about the same amount of CO2
per passenger kilometre as trains do. However, only 2 percent of EU funds are
spent on ports. A further one percent is spent on inland waterways.
Coaches are the cleanest form of transport. Emissions of CO2 per passenger
kilometre from coaches are half those of buses. Buses emit less than half as
much CO2 per passenger kilometre as cars. The European Union spends 10
percent of its transport budget on public transport, such as buses and coaches.
The chart below shows estimated world literacy rates by region and by
gender for the year 2000.
In this report I will describe a bar chart that shows the estimated world
illiteracy rates by gender and region for the year 2000.
First I will look at male illiteracy for the 6 areas shown. The lowest rates were
in Developed Countries, Latin America/Caribbean and East Asia/Oceania
with rates of 1% (approximately), 10% and 8% (approximately) respectively.
The rates for the next three areas were much higher and quite similar to each
other. Sub-Saharan Africa, the Arab States and South Asia had rates of
approximately 31%, 29% and 34%.
Female illiteracy was much higher relatively in each area except Latin
America/Caribbean where it was only slightly higher. The lowest rates for
female illiteracy were again Developed Countries, Latin America/Caribbean
and East Asia/Oceania with rates of approximately 2%, 12% and 20%. Again
the rates for the next three areas were much higher and quite similar to each
other. Sub-Saharan Africa, the Arab States and South Asia had rates of
approximately 48%, 52% and 56%.
This ends my report.
(168 words)

The bar chart indicates a survey on two different age groups on the factors
contributing to make their environment pleasant for working.
These factors are divided into external and internal factors. The internal
factors are team spirit, competent boss, respect from colleagues and job
satisfaction. The external factors are chance for personal development, job
security, promotional prospects and money.
On the internal factors above 50% in both age groups agreed that team spirit,
competent boss and job satisfaction are essential to make their environment
pleasant. Whereas on the external factors, there are contrasting results. On
the chance for personal development and promotional aspects, 80% to 90%
of the younger groups were in favor while only less than 50% of the older
group thought so. A similar pattern is also noted on job security. With regards
to money, 69% to 70% on both age group said it is essential.
In conclusion, the internal factors have similar responses from the two age
groups while they had dissimilar responses on the external factors.
The graph shows changes in employment rates in six countries between
1995 and 2005, for men and women. Overall more and more people of
working age are employed, and there have been significant improvements for
women, although they leg behind men in entering the workforce.
The most obvious trend in the graph is that women have lower employment
rates in most of the countries in the graph. For example, in Australia in 1995,
57 percent of men could find work or retain a job, but only 27 percent of
women. The difference was even bigger in New Zealand, with 60 percent of
women. Even in Switzerland and Iceland, alightly more men than women
were in the job market.
The second biggest trend in the graph is the improvement in employment
between 1995 and 2005. In all countries shown, figures for both men and
women improved. The biggest change was in the United Kingdom, from 55
percent of men in 1995 to 73 percent over the ten years period.
Furthermore, the increases in employment rates for women were much
higher in New Zealand. The percentage of working women jumped from 25
percent to 42 percent, and in the United States from 45 percent to 61 percent
over the decade.
In conclusion, all the countries in the graph showed at least a 12 percent
increase in employment rates of both men and women over the ten years.
While men had relatively higher employment rate throughout the period,
more and more women appear to be entering the labour market.
The table below shows the consumer durables (telephone, refrigerator, The table below shows the sales at a small restaurant in a downtown
etc.) owned in Britain from 1972 to 1983. business district.

Consumer 197 197 197 197 197 198 198 1983

durables 2 4 6 8 9 1 2 Sales: week of October 7-13
Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat Sun
Percentage of households with: Lunch $2,40 $2,450 $2,595 $2,375 $2,500 $1,950 $1,550
central heating 39 43 48 52 55 59 60 64 0
Dinner $3,62 $3,850 $3,445 $3,800 $4,350 $2,900 $2,450
television 93 95 96 96 97 97 97 98 3

video 18 The sales at this small restaurant during the week of October 7 to 13th
vacuum 87 89 92 92 93 94 95 followed a fairly set pattern from Monday to Friday, and then showed notable
cleaner shift on the weekend. The lunch and dinner sales during the week peaked on
refrigerator 73 81 88 91 92 93 93 94 Friday and then dipper down as the weekend set in.
washing 66 68 71 75 74 78 79 80
machine During the week of October 7-14th, the lunch sales averaged at
dishwasher 3 3 4 4 5 approximately $2,400. The highest lunch sales occurred on Friday, and the
telephone 42 50 54 60 67 75 76 77 lowest occurred on Sunday. Sunday's lunch sales were approximately $1,000
less than the average lunch sales during the rest of the week.
The table shows that the percentage of British households with a range of
Dinner sales, which generated at least $1,000 to $1,500 more a day than
consumer durables steadily increased between 1972 and 1983. The greatest
lunch sales, also remained steady during the week. Just like the lunch sales,
increase was in telephone ownership, rising from 42% in 1972 to 77% in the dinner sales peak on Friday and dipped down for the weekend.
1983. Next came centralheating ownership, rising from 37% of households in
1972 to 64% in 1983. The percentage of households with a refrigerator rose Excluding Wednesday and Thursday, the lunch and dinner sales from
2 1% over the same period and of those with a washing machine by 14%. October 7-11 rose gradually until the end of the business week. Midweek, on
Households with vacuum-cleaners. televisions and dishwashers increased by Wednesday and Thursday, the sales were slightly lower than they were on
Tuesday.
8%, 5% and 2% respectively. In 1983. the year of their introduction, 18% of
households had a video recorder. According to the sales report, this restaurant has a steady lunch and dinner
crowd. The most profitable day during the second week of October was
The significant social changes reflected in the statistics are that over the Friday. Sunday, was the least profitable day, with the full day's sales
period the proportion of British houses with central heating rose from one to totaling/totalling less than the Friday dinner sales. These numbers are
two thuds, and of those with a phone from under a half to over three- reflective of a restaurant that is located in a business/financial district where
quarters. Together with the big increases in the ownership of washing business hours are Monday through Friday.
(234 words)
machines and refrigerators, they are evidence of both rising living standards
and the trend to lifestyles based on comfort and convenience.
The chart below shows the employment rates across 6 countries in
1995 and 2005.
The graph shows Internet Usage in Taiwan by Age Group, 1998-2000.
The graph shows changes in the age profile of Internet users in Taiwan
between 1998 and 2000.
The main users of the Internet in Taiwan are young adults between 16 and
30 years old. In 1998, they accounted for more than half of all users. In 1999
the number dropped slightly to 45%, but even in 2000 they were the biggest
group.
The second biggest group of users is aged between 31 and 50. They made
up 41% in 1998, falling slightly to 37% in 2000. When combined with the 16-
30 age group, over 94% of users in 1998 were between 16 and 50.
However this number is dropping steadily as more children and older users
log on. In 1999, the number of children online quadrupled from 2% to 8%,
and it continued to increase in 2000. There were similar increases for older
users, rising from 4% in 1998 to 10% in 2000.
In summary, while adults between 16 and 50 still represent the great majority
of Internet users in Taiwan, their share is declining as more children and
older users join the web.
The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of
different age groups and the amount of support they received from
employers.
The first graph shows that there is a gradual decrease in study for career
reasons with age. Nearly 80% of students under 26 years, study for their career.
This percentage gradually declines by 10-20% every decade. Only 40% of 40-
49yr olds and 18% of over 49yr olds studing for career reasons in late adulthood.
Conversely, the first graph also shows that study stemming from interest
increases with age. There are only 10% of under 26yr olds studing out of interest.
The percentage increases slowly till the beginning of the fourth decade, and
increases dramatically in late adulthood. Nearly same number of 40-49yr olds
study for career and interest. However 70% of over 49yr olds study for interest in
comparison to 18% studing for career reasons in that age group.
The second graph shows that employer support is maximum (approximately
60%) for the under 26yr students. It drops rapidly to 32% up to the third decade
of life, and then increses in late adulthood up to about 44%. It is unclear whether
employer support is only for career-focused study, but the highest level is for
those students who mainly study for career purposes.
The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in
four European countries.
The chart shows that Britain, among the four European countries listed, has
spent most heavily on the range of consumer goods included. In every case,
British spending is considerably higher than that of other countries; only in
the case of tennis racquets does another country, Italy, come close.
In contrast, Germany is generally the lowest spender. This Is most evident in
photographic film, where Germany spends much less than Britain. Germany
only spends more than another country, France, in two cases; tennis
racquets and perfumes.
Meanwhile, France and Italy generally maintain middle positions, averaging
approximately similar spending overall. Specifically, France spends more on
CDs and photographic film but less on tennis racquets than Italy does. Italys
spending on personal stereos is only marginally greater than that of France,
while spending on toys is equal between the two.
It is clear from the data given that there are some significant differences in
spending habits within Europe.
The chart shows the division of household tasks by gender in Great
Britain.
The provided graph gives information on the time spent by male and female
on household works in Great Britain. As is observed from the graph, female
spent more time cooking, cleaning, clothing and child rearing while male
spent more time on gardening and odd jobs.
According to the graph, female spend more than 200 minutes per day on
household works while male spend about 140 minutes per day on those
short of household jobs in Great Britain. On an average, female works more
on household tasks like cooking, baking, cleaning, washing, house tidying,
child caring and sewing. For those short of jobs, women work almost 3 times
than the men do. On the contrary, male work more on gardening, pet care,
odd job maintaining more than women do and they spend the highest
amount of time on gardening and pet caring while the female work their
highest amount of time on cooking, cleaning and washing.
In conclusion, female work significantly more than men on household works
like cooking, washing, cleaning and child nurturing while men spend their
majority of time on household works like gardening, pet caring and odd jobs
compared to the time they spend on household tasks.
(Approximately 199 words)
The chart below shows information about the challenges people face
when they go to live in other countries.
Model Answer 1:
The supplied graph represents data on the challenges people face when they
start living in a different country and compares this data based on different
age groups. As is presented in the graph, younger people struggle to make
new friends while the aged people face difficulty to learn the local language
in a new country.
As is given in the graph, people from 18-34 years old find it most difficult to
make new friends when they start living in a new country. The second most
challenging issue they face is the issue of finding a living place. Learning the
local language is another problem they face but this is least among the
people of this age group. Secondly, among the 35-54 age group, people who
go to live in a different country find it most difficult to find places to live. About
36% people find it difficult to find places to live in while about 35-36% people
find it difficult to learn the local language and to make friends there. Finally,
the aged people who are over 55 years old, find it most difficult to learn the
language than any other age group. Approximately 54% aged people face
this challenge when they start living in a new country. Among this age group,
22% people face the living place issue while 23% find it hard to make new
friends.
In summary, aged people can make friends more easily than the young age
group when they start living in a new country while young population finds it
easier to learn the loan language than the aged people in a new country.
(Approximately 268 words)
Model Answer 2:
The presented chart gives information on the challenges the different age
groups of people face when immigrating to another country.
As is presented, the three most common challenges all age groups face are
making friends, finding a place to live and learning the local dialect. The
biggest difficulty the age group of people aged over 55 faces is learning the
local language as compared to the other age groups, who dont find it as
difficult. It is surprising to find that both age groups of 18-34 and 35-54 have
challenges in finding a place to settle. It is easier for the age group of over
55 to find a place to settle as they do not have to take many factors into
consideration when deciding where to settle, for example, finding a place
close to work, what kind of neighbourhood is good for bringing up a family,
what public facilities are available in the area, access to the internet etc. But
they dont have a hard time in making friends as it is probably easier for them
to do when still young.
To summarise, according to this chart, it is easier to go and live in another
country while you are still young rather than when you are over the age of 55
as it is more difficult for you to adapt to the new culture and customs in a new
country.
(Approximately 236 words | Written by - Shirley Gee)
Model Answer 3:
The bar chart presents data about difficult issues people encounter when
they try to settle abroad. The given data classifies those challenges into three
main categories based on peoples age. Overall, it seems that young people
in a foreign country can learn the local language easily whereas the older
people face fewer challenges to find a place to live in and they can make
friends faster.
The first challenge that people face in abroad is making friends. 46% of
people whose ages range from 18 to 34 find it as the most difficult task. In
contrast, only half of that proportion among the oldest age group considers it
as a difficulty. On the other hand, not many young people struggle to learn a
new language (only 29%) while more than 50% of people over 55 think that it
a real problem (54%). Facing with the problem to find a place to live in, about
40% of the younger groups get stuck with it while it is the least challenging
issue for the older people who try to settle in a foreign country.
(Approximately 236 words | Written by - Thu-Phuong Luong)
The following diagram shows how greenhouse gases trap energy from The diagram below gives the information about the Hawaiian island
the Sun. chain in the centre of the Pacific Ocean.

The Hawaiian island chain, in the centre of the Pacific Ocean, is

approximately 2,700 km in length. It is formed of volcanoes and the active
ones are at the south-east tip of the archipelago, where Hawaii itself is
located.

It is believed that the chain began to form nearly 80 million years ago. Each
island started to evolve after an eruption on the sea floor. First, a `hot spot'
existed on the ocean bed, which let out a plume of material called magma.
This magma may originate as deep as 2,883km below the ocean bed. Next,
further eruptions took place, which built up the volcano. Eventually, it
emerged above the surface of the ocean.
Energy from the Sun reaches the Earth as heat. Some of this heat energy
is subsequently/thenradiated into space, while some of it is trapped by
Since that time, the spume of magma has remained static as the Pacific
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and reflected back to Earth. This is a
tectonic plate moves in a north-west direction across it at a speed of 7-9cm
natural process, but in recent decades, human activities have led to an
per year. As it moves, a volcano forms as it passes over the hotspot and then
increase in the amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which is
become inactive when it has passed it.
now trapping too much heat.
(164 words)
One of the main greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide, and extra quantities of
this are released/have been released into the atmosphere as a result
of burning fossil fuels as a source of energy in power stations, factories and
homes. Exhaust gases from cars and lorries result in/have resulted
in further emissions of carbon dioxide.

Plants serve to remove some of the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by
absorbing it through their leaves. However, as large areas of forest are
(being) felled/have been felled in the Amazon and elsewhere, less carbon
dioxide is removed in this way.
The diagram below shows the typical stages of consumer goods The diagram below shows the process of producing photographs using
manufacturing, including the process by which information is fed back digital equipments.
to earlier stages to enable adjustment.

The given image is a diagrammatic illustration of the process of producing

photographs with the help of latest digital technology. The entire procedure
contains three main steps namely capturing, editing and printing.

The process begins when an image is clicked or a video is recorded on the

digital camera which contains a storage unit like a smart memory card. The
Most consumer goods go through a series of stages before they emerge as finished data stored on this memory card is then downloaded to a computer where
products ready for sale. the images are formatted and cropped. This improves the final quality of the
Raw materials and manufactured components comprise the initial physical input in the picture.
manufacturing process. Once obtained, these are stored for later assembly. But assembly
first depends upon the production planning stage, where it is decided how and in what The edited images can then be sent by e-mail or stored on a compact disc
quantities the stored materials will be processed to create sufficient quantities of finished
for later use and sharing. It may also be forwarded to a printing device
goods. The production planning stage itself follows the requirements of the goods' design
stage that proceeds from extensive research. After assembly, the products are inspected equipped with special photo paper for printing coloured or black and white
and tested to maintain quality control l Those units that pass the inspection and testing photos.
stages are then packaged, despatched and offered for sale in retail outlets. The level of
sales, which is the end point of the manufacturing process, helps determine production Thus, in order to generate a high quality physical photo, three main devices
planning. are essential. These devices are a digital camera, a computer capable of
processing the data and a printing unit.
A product's design is not only the result of product research, but is also influenced by
testing and market research. If the testing stage (after assembly and inspection) reveals
unacceptable problems in the finished product, then adjustments will have to be made to Total Words: 162
the product's design. Similarly, market research, which examines the extent and nature of
the demand for products, has the role of guiding product design to suit consumer demands
which may change with time. Market research, while influenced by product sales, also
serves to foster future sales by devising suitable advertising for the goods.

Thus the reality of consumer goods manufacturing goes well beyond a simple linear
production process.
 The diagram illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks
The diagram shows how electricity is generated by a hydroelectric dam. for the building industry.
Write a 150-word report for a university lecturer explaining how the
process works.

The diagram presents the manufacture of five different types of tea. It is

immediately apparent that although all the teas are produced from the same
The diagram illustrates the basic principles of hydroelectric power. The
leaf, the differences in the manufacturing process result in five different types
process requires the construction of a large dam connected to a
of tea.
powerhouse. The dam creates a large reservoir and the powerhouse is
The first three stages of manufacture are the same for all of the five teas.
where the electricity is generated.
The leaves are grown, they are then plucked, and following this withering of
First of all, water trapped in the reservoir behind the dam is forced through an
the leaves occures. The final stage is also the same, which sees all the
intake. It then flows into a narrow chamber called a penstock, where the
leaves dried in an oven. However, in the stages in between this, differing
resulting high pressure turns a turbine. The turbine is connected to a
methods of production are employed.
generator in the powerhouse above, and this is where the movement of the
To begin, white tea is unique as it involves no other processing. In contrast,
turbine is converted into electricity. The resulting electricity leaves the
green, oolong and large leaf black tea are all rolled as part of the process.
powerhouse via cables that carry it over long distances to where it can be
However, while green tea is steamed before being rolled but is not
used.
fermented, the other two teas are first rolled and then both fermented (oolong
It is interesting to note that a hydroelectric dam creates no harmful
only slightly but large leaf black completely). Finally, small leaf black tea is
byproducts and relies entirely on natural forces to produce electricity. After
neither steamed nor rolled, but is crushed before being fully fermented.
the turbine stage, water flows out through a second channel and into a river.
The process is renewable, thanks to the water cycle in nature.
(163 words, IELTS 8.0)
The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agricultural land the most serious problem was over-grazing. It has caused the world to lose
becomes less productive. The table shows how these causes affected 35% of agriculture land. This problem is followed closely by deforestation and
three regions of the world during 1990s. over-cultivation.

The area that has lost most proportion of its agriculture land was Europe at
23% However, Oceania and North America was not as badly affected, losing
13% and 5% of its farmland respectively.

Surprisingly, the main problem faced by each area is different from one
another. The problem with over-grazing is especially serious in Oceania,
resulting in 11.3% of its land unsuitable for agriculture. On the other hand,
deforestation that caused 9.8% of agriculture land unusable was the major
problem faced by the European farmers. Although over-cultivation was the
primary threat in North America, it was not a problem at all in Oceania.

In conclusion, over-grazing was the main cause of worldwide degradation in

1990s. Europes percentage of degradation was largest of all three regions
and all three regions had different predominant causes.

Total Words: 172

The take below gives information about the underground railway

systems in six cities.
The main factors responsible for the decreased productivity of agricultural Underground Railways Systems
land in North America, Europe, and Oceania during the 1990s were
summarized in a pie chart and a table.
 Passengers per
Kilometres of Proportion of household income five European countries spend on
City Date opened year
route food and drink, housing, clothing and entertainment
(in millions)
London 1863 394 775 Food and Housing Clothing Entertainmen
Paris 1900 199 1191 drink t
Tokyo 1927 155 1927 France 25% 31% 7% 13%
Washington DC 1976 126 144 German 22% 33% 15% 19%
y
Kyoto 1981 11 45 UK 27% 37% 11% 11%
Los Angeles 2001 28 50 Turkey 36% 20% 12% 10%
Spain 31% 18% 8% 15%
The table shows the details regarding the underground railway systems in six
cities. The table shows the amount of household income that five countries in
Europe spend per month on four items. Overall, it is evident that all five
London has the oldest underground railway systems among the six cities. It countries spend the majority of their income on food and drink and housing,
was opened in the year 1863, and it is already lye years old. Paris is the but much less on clothing and entertainment.
second oldest, in which it was opened in the year 1900. This was then
followed by the opening of the railway systems in Tokyo, Washington DC and Housing is the largest expenditure item for France, Germany and the UK,
Kyoto. Los Angeles has the newest underground railway system, and was with all of them spending around one third of their income on this, at 30%,
only opened in the year 2001. In terms of the size of the railway systems, 33% and 37%, respectively. In contrast, they spend around a quarter on food
London, For certain, has the largest underground railway systems. It has 394 and drink. However, this pattern is reversed for Turkey and Spain, who
kilometres of route in total, which is nearly twice as large as the system in spend around a fifth of their income on housing, but approximately one third
Paris. Kyoto, in contrast, has the smallest system. It only has 11 kilometres of on food and drink.
route, which is more than 30 times less than that of London.
All five countries spend much less on the remaining two items. For clothing,
Interestingly, Tokyo, which only has 155 kilometres of route, serves the France and Spain spend the least, at less than 10%, while the other three
greatest number of passengers per year, at 1927 millions passengers. The countries spend around the same amount, ranging between 11% and 15%.
system in Paris has the second greatest number of passengers, at 1191 At 19%, Germany spends the most on entertainment, whereas UK and
millions passengers per year. The smallest underground railway system, Turkey spend approximately half this amount, with France and Spain's
Kyoto, serves the smallest number of passengers per year as predicted. spending between those other three nations.
(180 Words)
In conclusion, the underground railway systems in different cities vary a lot in
the site of the system, the number of passengers served per year and in the
age of the system.
(233 words)

The table illustrates the proportion of monthly household income five

European countries spend on food and drink, housing, clothing and
entertainment
The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is
planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the
supermarket.
Sample Answer 1:
The given map shows two possible locations for the planned supermarket in
the Garsdon City. As is presented in the illustration, the city has a population
of more than 65 thousand and the two possible locations for the supermarket
are near Hindon and in the middle of the industrial area.
According to the map, the railway surrounds the city and intersects the city
almost in the middle. There are main roads for transportation and countryside
surrounds the main housings and industries of the city. The housing of the
city is mainly in the North and South sides of the city and the town centre is
in the middle of the industrial area. The first possible location for the planned
supermarket is near the Hindon area where almost ten thousand inhabitants
live and the location is in the north-west corner. This location would be ideal
for the Hindon people for shopping but the people of Crandon and Brandon,
which have great more population, would be far away from this supermarket.
The second possible location which is almost in the centre of the city would
be surrounded by industrial zones and housings in North and South sides of
the city. This would be an ideal place as it would connect all the shoppers in
the three parts of the city. Since the railway passes near this location, this
would be a better place in terms of communication as well.
In summary, the second location (S2) would be a better place for the
supermarket between the possible two locations though the first location
would be advantageous for the people of Hindon area and would be out of
the crowd.
Sample Answer 2:
The illustration gives information on the possible places to construct a
supermarket in Garlsdon. Overall, it is clearly shown that one of the possible
sites of a supermarket is in the countryside while the other in the town centre.
Firstly, it is apparent that the first site of the supermarket (S1) is located in
the countryside where it is far away from the town centre and residential
places. However, it is reachable by the public from the town centre and their
housing areas by train and other transports on roads as there are a railway
track and the main road connecting the supermarket and town centre. In
addition, although it is located near to Hendon, its location is far away from
Bransdon and Gransdon which have a higher population than Hindon.
Turning to the second possible site of the supermarket (S2), it is apparent
that it situated in the centre of the town where every citizen in the town can
easily access. It is fairly convenient for those living in Hindon and Gransdon
as there are two ways to reach it, either by train or through the main roads.
On the other hand, those from Bransdon can only visit supermarket through
the main road.
Sample Answer 3:
The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off
the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site
is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car
parking. This would make it accessable to shoppers from both Hindon and
Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also close to the railway line linking
the who towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-east), a potentially large
number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.
In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which
would be good for local residents. Theorically the store could be accessed by
road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the
central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access
would be difficult.
Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in
Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably
offer more advantages.
(179 words)
The map below is of the town of Canterbury. A new school (S) is
planned for the area. The map shows two possible sites for the school.

The map shows two proposed sites for a new school for the town of
Canterbury and the surrounding area.

The first site (S1) is situated in the countryside, to the north-east of the town
centre. It is just outside the main housing area of the town and not far from
the main road that links Sturry with Canterbury. It would therefore probably
be in an ideal location for students coming from Sturry, which is only 5
kilometres away, and those who live on the east side of Canterbury. If there
are students coming from Chartham, which is 7 kilometres to the south-west,
they would be able to reach the school by taking the main road that runs
south-west of Canterbury.

The second site (S2) is located in the town centre itself. There are
advantages of this: it makes it practically equidistant for students coming
from either Sturry or Chartham. Moreover, it would presumably be relatively
easy for students who live in the housing area around the town centre to
reach the school. However, because of the no traffic zone in the town centre,
no parent would be able to drive their child all the way to school. This may
make travel arrangements difficult for some parents.
The table shows the Proportions of Pupils Attending Four Secondary School The table below shows the primary funding sources of international
Types Between Between 2000 and 2009. students in the US during the years 2003/04 and 2013/14. Write a 150-
word report for a university lecturer describing the data and make
Secondary School Attendance comparisons where relevant.
2000 2005 2009
Specialist Schools 12% 11% 10%
Grammar Schools 24% 19% 12%
Voluntary-controlled Schools 52% 38% 20%
Community Schools 12% 32% 58%

The table illustrates the percentage of school children attending four different types of
secondary school from 2000 to 2009. It is evident that the specialist, grammar and
voluntary-controlled schools experienced declines in numbers of pupils, whereas the
community schools became the most important providers of secondary school education
during the same period.

To begin, the proportion in voluntary-controlled schools fell from just over half to only 20%
or one fifth from 2000 to 2009. Similarly, the relative number of children in grammar
schools -- just under one quarter -- dropped by half in the same period. As for the specialist
schools, the relatively small percentage of pupils attending this type of school (12%) also
fell, although not significantly.

However, while the other three types of school declined in importance, the opposite was
true in the case of community schools. In fact, while only a small minority of 12% were
educated in these schools in 2000, this figure increased to well over half of all pupils during
the following nine years.
170 Words
The table shows how international students in the US funded their studies in
The table below shows the sales made by a coffee shop in an office building the years 2003/04 and 2013/14. Overall, there was a noticeable trend
on a typical weekday.
Coffee Tea Pastries Sandwiches
towards sponsorship by foreign governments, foreign universities, and
7.3-10.30 265 110 275 50
current employers over the ten-year period.
10.30-2.30 185 50 95 200
2.30-5.30 145 35 150 40 First of all, the period 2003/04 to 2013/14 witnessed a significant rise in the
5.30-8.30 200 75 80 110
number of international students in the US, from 572,509 to 886,052, a rise
of more than 50%. Given the large increase, were there any changes in how
This table compares the different goods sold by a coffee shop which is located in an office
building during a typical weekday in correlation with the time in the day. foreign students paid for their studies?

Firstly, coffee sales were maximum(265) in the morning from 7:30 to 10:30, decreased
steadily after 10:30 to reach less than 150 by 5:30, then rose to 200 in the evening. In
addition, Tea sales showed similar pattern to coffee, they stood at 110 in the morning, less
than half the coffee sales in the same period and fell to 35 between 2:30 and 5:30.
However, they almost doubled in the evening between 5:30 and 8:30.
The table shows that the two main funding sources were Personal and
Family and US College or University, which together accounted for 90% of
funding in 2003/2004. However, taken together, these two sources had
dropped to 84% by 2013/14.

On the other hand, pastries sales fluctuated throughout the day with the peak in the
morning 7:30 - 10:30 of about 275 and the bottom in the evening 5:30 - 8:30 of about 80.
Moreover, sandwiches sales in the period of 7:30 - 10:30 and 8:30 - 5:30 were similar, 50
and 40, respectively. Sandwiches sales were the highest between 10:30 and 2:30 (200
sandwiches), almost two times the sales in the evening.
To conclude, it can be clearly seen that different goods experienced different patterns of
sales throughout the day.
Total Words: 214
At the same time, there was substantial growth in the numbers of students
funded by Foreign Government or University and Current Employer, which
saw increases of 383% and 390% respectively. Even though they still
accounted for only a small minority of funding, both sources became more
important to foreign students during the period.
(177 words, IELTS 9.0)