Fallacy Study Guide (Flash Cards)

Create flash cards to help you study for the fallacy quiz in topic 4 by filling in a definition and an example on each fallacy card below.
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Appeal to Ignorance Hasty Generalization

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Enter definition here: Enter definition here: is an casual error of broken-down
It emphasizes that a plan is false cause it has not be proven generalization by accomplishment an inductive
true or other way around. generalization grounded on deficient sign-basically making a
Enter example here: hasty assumption without as all of the variables.
If something cant be invalidated it must be true Enter example here:
Nine out of Ten dentist recommend Colgate toothpaste.
So it much be great
 Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc Either/Or
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Enter definition here: at times is one of the most Enter definition here: A claim in either-or terms, not
persuasive fallacies. acknowledging that (1) both claims could be true,
Assuming that because "B" follows "A," "A" must (2) grey areas exist between the two alternatives,
have caused "B." or (3) other possibilities exist. This fallacy
eliminates all other choices saying it is black and
Enter example here:
white or yes or no.
You break a mirror and then you get in a wreck. You
Enter example here:
might think breaking the mirror had something to do
You are either going or your not going
with it.
 Composition Extravagant Hypothesis
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Enter definition here Putting two or more good Enter definition here: Formulating a complex or
things together does not necessarily mean they unlikely explanation for an event when a
simpler explanation would do.
will be good together.
Enter example here:
One is Lunar landing was faked by NASA. Some
Enter example here:
evidence proves that it was fake. It is still up in the air.
If something is true about the parts it is true about the
whole thing.
A is part of B
A also has properties of X
Therefore B must have the same properties of X
 Appeal to Authority Slippery Slope
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Enter definition here: it is argued that something is true, Enter definition here: analogy to take the argument in
because someone of authority (like an expert)says it is true. one direction with a series of steps leading to a
Enter example here: much more extreme outcome
When it says 75 % recommend something. So you think Enter example here:
it must be good. But they do not tell you how many was The sequence of the argument goes:
questioned. 1.) When waiting on the phone for your cable
company, you get angry
2.) When you get angry, you must blow-off steam
3.) When you blow off steam, an accident occurs
4.) When you get an eye patch people think you are
tough
5.) When people think you are tough, they want to
know how tough
6.) When people want to see how tough, you wake
up in a road-side ditch
7.) Don't wake up in a roadside ditch, get rid of
cable.
 Division Circular Reasoning
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Enter definition here: disagreement between two or more Enter definition here: the reasoner begins with what they
groups, typically producing tension or hostility: are trying to end with.
Enter example here: Examples: H2O is water which is a Enter example here: I dont have time to get organized
liquid. This means that molecules H20 are also liquids. Being disorganized is waiting time
However, this is not the case because alone H is
hydrogen and O is Oxygen. Together these molecules
form a liquid. However, taken as separate molecules
both of these are gases
 Is/Ought Appeal to Tradition
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Enter definition here: occurs when the Enter definition here: is
when the past or
assumption is made that because things are
a certain way, they should always be that way traditions are used as a source of
Enter example here: The 2nd Amendment states that we authority.
have the right to bear arms. It is fact that we have the
right to bear arms. Does that mean we ought to bear Enter example here:The way it has been done for
arms? Not necessarily... Not everyone chooses to own generations
gun even if they have the right to do so
 False Analogy Bandwagon Appeal
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the similarities
Enter definition here: Enter definition here: The
argument that
between the two things being since something is popular or
compared are not substantial enough everybody is doing it, so should
to assume that another characteristic you.
of one of them probably applies to the Enter example here: Rachals hair cut from Friends.
Everyone wanted this hair style
other.
Enter example here: Coffee and cigarettes are
addicting but are not illegal in this country, so
marijuana should not be illegal as well.