A Study of Ampalaya Seeds as a Substitute for Coffee Beans

Glendale School
#11 St. Benedict St.Paradise Village
Project 8, Quezon City

A Study of Ampalaya Seeds

as a Substitute for Coffee Beans

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course

Requirement in Research

Presented by:
Joshua Elkanah P. Datu
Ernestine Rose P. Estrella
Angelito C. Guiterrez
Marielle M. Torres

Presented to:
Dr. Marilou Juachon-Panlilio
Mr. Arnold Antiporda
 Ms. Sherrlene Uy
Mr. Gemini Malubay

February 9, 2015

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, we like to thank Mrs.

Magdadaro for letting us to use their kitchen as a testing ground for o
ur product also their kitchen appliances for the benefit of our first trial
. Second, we would like to acknowledge Mrs. Torres for the helping
hand and the tools that we used and helped us acquire our desired pro
duct. Third, we wish to extend their sincerest appreciation to our Research
teacher, Ms. Uy for teaching us the fundamental of research and investigatory
writing and for showing a great deal of patience through the times we tend to
be naughty. And lastly to God, for his gift of wisdom and understanding to ua
for answering our prayers in times of need.

ABSTRACT

The researchers conducted a study about Amapalaya seeds as a

substitute for Coffee beans. This study aims to make a better and
cheaper product of coffee. Since coffee is the most known
beverage. Both coffee and Ampalaya give many health benefits
for brain and body. With our study other individuals or
departments may use this as a source for a next study. The goal
of this study is first to find out if amapalaya seeds can be used as
an alternative for coffee and second to make it a cheaper and a
better product than the commercially available coffee. Ampalaya
has almost the same characteristics of the commercially
available coffee.It has that bitter and sour smell and taste. Since
Ampalaya has more nutrients and benefits for people, it is a
better alternative coffee.There is a lot of variety of Ampalaya, it
differentiates the taste and appearance of each kind. This
product is healthy but easy to do, the audience can either cook or
bake the Ampalaya beans by using an oven or pan. The
researchers performed two trials and showed that there is no
much difference with the commercially available coffee, based
on the aroma, taste, appearance and quality. Therefore the
researchers conclude that ampalaya seeds can be an alternative
source for coffee.

CHAPTER 1:
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Introduction
Coffee is a much known beverage to the majority of the people. It is known
for its stimulating effect on the functions of the brain, thus making the drinker
active. Variants of coffee flavors were already produced all throughout the
world aiming for the discovery of alternative sources for coffee production. The
researchers goal is to make an alternative coffee beans using amapalaya
seeds since ampalaya tastes bitter. The researchers also chose this because
people nowadays drink coffee at work and when they are in home. This
product is also cheaper than the branded coffees which we can see in
supermarkets.

Statement of the Problem/ Objectives

According to region3.dost.gov, coffee is a much known beverage
to the majority with the reference to the people especially the
youth. It is known for its stimulating effect on the functions of the brain, thus
making the drinker active. Variants of coffee flavors were already produced
all throughout the world aiming for the discovery of alternative sources for
coffee production. To create this product, the researchers analyzed if it will
This study intends to know the
give people an impact in their lives.
importance of bitter gourd seeds as an alternative coffee beans
which is rich in antioxidants and vitamins A, B and C.
Bitter gourd is believed to benefit diabetes. Researchers from University of
Bologna, Italy, asked 720 herbalists what herbal remedy that they would
recommend to those suffered from diabetes. They suggested some herbal
remedies and bitter gourd is in the list. Bitter gourd has been recognized as a
Chinese herbal medicine for diabetes for centuries. Bitter gourd is more
popular in Asia to be used as a natural product for diabetes.
Researchers from Natural Standard, MA, consider bitter gourd as an
alternative therapy that has primarily been used for lowering blood glucose
levels in patients with diabetes. Components of bitter gourd extract appear to
have structural similarities to animal insulin.
Bitter gourd is also a lipid-lowering activities and its extracts provide benefits
for cancers.
Bitter gourd is the nearest vegetable that has the same taste of coffee, bitter
and sour at the same time. The researchers product aims to make people
more lively by drinking this kind of coffee because it makes people alive even
at night. This product to informal settlers is a big impact because coffee is
This study will
their main food even for their lunch, and even for babies.
make the people, especially the youth, patronize this product
because of the fact that people nowadays drink coffee more often.
The goals of this study are the following: 1.) To know if fruit or
vegetable seeds can be used to create a new product. 2.) Use bitter
gourd seeds in making an alternative coffee beans. 3.) Cheaper
and better because of its health benefits unlike the branded ones.
Significance of the Study
To keep people awake at night, the most commonly beverage to drink is
coffee. Coffee, the most widely used beverage. Coffee has many benefits to
body's system. According to mayoclinic.org, coffee can protect a person from
Parkinson's Disease, Diabetes, and Liver Disease, including Liver Cancer.
Although coffee is not adivicable to drink it everyday.

In this study, the researchers aim to create an alternative

ingredient to make coffee, which is bitter melon "ampalaya".
Our product is beneficial to the following: consumers,
Department of Agriculture, unfortunate families, office workers
(call center agents, nurse, businessman, etc), college student that
often use coffee.

Through this study, the researchers are able to create alternative ingredient
as coffee. Since Philippines is rich in growing ampalaya. Consumers can buy
a much more cheaper product of a different variety of coffee, ampalaya
coffee. Based on debate.org, coffee is beneficial to office workers like are
journalists, teachers, policeman, etc. It is a power-up for most people to keep
awake at night, to work longer, and to be more productive. The Department
of Agriculture, will also have an idea on which commodities can have
alternatives. Unfortunate families will benefit from this product since this is
cheaper and since coffee is commonly used by these kind of people. For
students, it will help to stay awake and continue to finish student's task. This
kind of product is processed not by machines but by hands. Nowadays,
products are processed by machines that some chemicals go in the product
which can harm a person's body. Moreover, this study aims to give opportunity
to people to buy a much cheaper yet a healthy product.

Scope and Delimitation

This research focus mainly in the use of ampalaya seed to boost our regular
coffee with the nutrients that are present in an ampalaya seed and learning
on how long can the researchers stretch the the use of this element. The
researchers found out that the ampalaya seed carries a lot of nutrients that
can help the people that consume our product. This product is produced in the
process of sun drying the seeds for 1 week then toasting the ampalaya seed
and pulverizing it to powder then extracting the juice by boiling it into hot then
infusing it in the coffee. This research have been given the budget of 300
pesos (yung week po ng testing ilalagay ko po pag nag start napo yung pag
test kung ok na yung product).

CHAPTER TWO:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
Components of Ampalaya
Ampalaya is composed of three components. The first
component is called Flavanoids. According to Jane Higdon,
Ph.D of Oregon State University, it is a large family of
polyphenic compounds by plants. This has the ability to
modulate cell-signaling tunnels.
According to News Medical Net, Flavonoids are found in a
variety of fruits and vegetables. It is beneficial for it gives a
pigment that attracts pollinating insects.
Flavanoids are linked to be as an antioxidant. One of the
protection from "free radicals" of the body, Ariefdjohan MW,
Savaiano D.
The second component is alkaloids. It can control the blood
sugar in diabetics. Alkaloids are very bitter and it's extracts are
active. http:www.biology-online.org
Alkaloids have many effects on humans and other animals
according to Mcdaniel.edu.

Structure of Ampalaya
According to Philippine Herbal Medicine, Ampalaya belongs to
the family of Cucurbitaceae. Ampalaya grows up to 20
centimeters. It's leaves are shaped as a heart and grown up to 5-
10 centimeters in diameters. Ampalaya's texture is ribbed and
wrinkled.

Variety of Ampalaya
The first variety of Ampalaya is called Karela. Stated by
Healthy By Nature, Karela is a thin and vine and a long stalked
leaves that makes yellow flowers. Karela grows in tropical areas
such as Amazon,East Africa, Asia, The Caribbean, and
South America.
The second variety is Japan Green Spindle. It is a medium sized
fruit that grows up to 15-20 centimeters.
http://forum.xcitefun.net/
The last variety is the Hybrid Indian Baby Doll. This kind of
Ampalaya can be found in Thailand. This weight 30 grams.
Process of Planting An Ampalaya
There are four steps in planting ampalaya. The first step is
climate adaption. The climate that ampalaya can thrive is a cool
climate. Cooler climates will result to a fast production of
flowers and bigger fruits, as said by Sunstar PH.
The second step is land preparation. On the word of Rice
Knowledge Bank, Land preparation is very important because it
insures that the soil is ready for plantation. The field or soil
should be cleaned from debris of other seeds.
The third step is plastic mulching. It is the process of covering
the soil to make more conditional temperature that will affect 2
factors: plant growth development and beneficial crop
production. http://www.agridr.in
The fourth step is planting. There are two ways of planting an
ampalaya by its seed. It can be either direct seeded or
transplanted.
 Agricultural and Rural Development said, Direct seeding is a
kind of cropping system that goals to improve soil moisture. The
seeds are needed to be soaked overnight and wrapped in a moist
cloth.
The other way of planting is transplanted. This process needs to
cut the flower of the ampalaya in half. The flower needs to be
shaded in order to recover by University of Illinois Extension.
Proper Care
The seeds need to be fertilized. In accordance to Business Diary,
the first step in taking care an ampalaya is to apply fertilizer on
the soil. Add 1 teaspoon of fertilizer on the soil.
the second step is vine training. A kind of system that refers to
the position of the vine. This aims to minimize the space,
quality, and reduce costs of facilitation, According to Plumpton
College.
The last step is Pest Management. Pest management is a method
to keep away of unwanted pests.
http://tmnehs.gov.in/writereaddata/Chap-14.pdf
Benefits of Ampalaya
According to Gourmet Farms, ampalaya leaves and fruits are
rich in sources of Vitamin B, calcium, and phosphorus. It is also
a rich beta carotene, it has the ability to enhance cells and
promote insulin.
Ampalaya has the ability to reduce total cholesterol. It also has
the ability to lower the blood sugar or the amount of sugar intake
by Teddy Brul.
As said by Kidney Cares Organization, ampalaya is beneficial in
curing kidney stones and helps maintain healthy liver and
bladder.
Issues/Side Effects of Ampalaya
 According to Nalanda College, ampalaya can make a heartburn
and make ulcer worse. Also pregnant women are not allowed to
eat or drink any food with ampalaya. It may stimulate the uterus
and may cause a premature birth.
Taking too much or taking a large doze of ampalaya can cause
abortion for pregnant women in accordance with All About
Diabetes.
Related Studies
Department of Science And Technology of the Philippines
conducted a study on Ampalaya seeds as Coffee. The study
shows that ampalaya are capable of having the same taste as
coffee, it can be a substitute for coffee. Which is not only
cheaper, but also full of healthy benefits. The first process of
this is grinding the seed and toasting it until it can be mixed with
water like the coffee powder. The weight of the ampalaya seed
is 23.3 grams before grinding, after grinding the weight was
11.4 (it is a powdered version) . After the pulverization of the
seed, the sample which is the powder is put on a cup with hot
water and is tasted. It tasted like a coffee, bitter but without
caffeine. They concluded that ampalaya can be a source of
coffee.
Common use of ampalaya seeds
According to Rasco, E.T. Jr there are improvement of ampalaya
by local plant over the last five years resulted in the commercial.
These new cultivars can result in yield which ten times the
average yield and more resistant to diseases.
(http://agris.fao.org/agris-
search/search.do?recordID=PH8910474)
Origin of ampalaya seeds
herb is a plant that is valued for flavor, scent, or other qualities. Herbs are
used in cooking, as medicines, and for spiritual purposes. From ancient days
to now a day, medicinal plants are a potential and useful for the treatment of
several diseases and disorders and it actually originated in India and
eventually carried to chain during the 14th century.
(http://herbalnet.healthrepository.org/handle/123456789/2564)
Health benefits of ampalaya seeds
Most of the useful health benefits of bitter gourd never come to
the forefront at all. For example, did you know that bitter gourd
is a medicinal food for people with liver disorders. One of the
prime health benefits of bitter gourd is that, it helps to cleanse the
liver and regenerate the liver cells. This healthy vegetable has
beauty benefits too.

Coffee
Benefits
According to www.rd.com or www.readersdigest.com , a
clinical study in Illinois discovered that caffeine has the ability
to reduce the swelling of the blood vessels and can lessen the
intensity and frequency of headaches. Some subjects were
experimented and 58 percent reported beneficial relief. .
Coffee has the ability to lessen the risk of having Alzheimers
disease and Parkinson's disease. These two are the most
common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. By drinking
coffee, the risk of this disease will lessen 32-60 percent in
accordance with Authority Nutrition.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, by drinking
coffee this can be prevented. Coffee can lessen the risk of
obtaining two types of cancer. According to Authority Nutrition,
the two types of cancer are liver cancer and colorectal cancer,
liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer while colorectal
cancer is the fourth one.
Side Effects
According to Top End Sports, however, although coffee has
many god benefits it also has negative side effects. Too much of
coffee us bad for the health. Increase amount of caffeine the the
body can leady to restlessness, nausea, sleep difficulties, urine
production, many more.
Excessive of caffeine can lead to dehydration, taking coffee
on a hot day weather will result of a lot of fluids in the body
bases on Fit Day.
Drinking too much coffee may result to difficulty in absorbing
minerals. Based on a study, Coffee disturbs the distribution of
minerals in the body.
Components
Caffeine
It is a bug killer that stimulates us by blocking neuroreceptors
for the sleep chemical adenosine by Wired Magazine.
Quinic Acid
Along citric and malic represent an important ingredient of
coffee's total acid content. Coffee Chemistry, during roasting
quinic acid progressively increases as the levels of chlorogenic
acid decrease suggesting that its formation results from the
cleavage of the chlorogenic acid moiety
Trigonelline
a niacin-related compound, is a natural constituent of coffee
accounting for approximately 1% dry matter in roasted
beans.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19710155
Process
Planting
According to NCA USA, coffee bean is actually a seed.
When it is not yet processed it can be planted it will turn into a
coffee tree. Coffee is usually places in a large bed if shades.
 After growing into a sprout, the seedling are removes and ti be
planted in individual pots and requires bright sunlight. Planting
requires a wet season so other plants will be moist and the roots
will mature.
Harvesting The Cherries
Depending on the kind of coffee bean, it will take estimately
3 to 4 years for the newly planted coffee trees to grow to bear
fruit. The bear fruit is called a coffee cherry, it is a bright, deep
red when it is ripe and ready to be harvested.
Processing The Cherries
After the cherries are harvested, the cherries are to be
prevented from spoilage. There are two ways to prevent this,
the dry method and wet method.
The dry method is placing the cherries on a clean mat on a
huge surface and letting expose on the sun.
The wet method is removing the pulp from the coffee cherry.
The skin of the cherry removed by a machine.
Drying The Beans
Once the beans are processed in the wet method, they are
supposed to he dried by exposing it to thr sun. The beans are put
on drying tables.
Milling The Beans
The beans are need to be process before exportation.
Hulling
Machines are used to separate the parchment layer of the cherry.
Polishing
This step is optional only if there are left silver skin on the
cherry
Grading and Sorting
The beans are sorted by variety of size and shape before
exportation.
Exporting The Beans
Once the beans are processed carefully it is ready for
exportation. These are transported either is sisal bags or jute.
Tasting The Coffee
For a sure taste and quality it is tested by tasting the coffee. The
coffee is roasted and is concentrated on a high temperature. To
taste the coffee, the cupper "slurps" a spoonful with a quick
inhalation.
Roasting The Coffee
The roasting process is controlled by a machine. The roasting
machine maintains its temperature which is 550 Fahrenheit.
When the beans turn brown they are put in water or air for it to
cool down.
Grinding Coffee
Grinding coffee turns the beans into a powder version by a
machine. The better the powder the easier the preparation it will
be.

Countries
According to National Coffee Association, countries that
produce coffee are North America, Caribbean, Central America,
South America, Africa, Middle East and Asia.

Coffee Bean

Types of Coffee Bean

Through the studies of coffee bean there are two types of coffee
bean the two types of coffee bean is Arabic beans and Robusta
bean. These two kinds of beans are used than the other large
variety of beans.
The beans in the coffee are one of the concerns of average people
who drink coffee. The Coffea Arabica bush is grown all around
the world and is the bean that over seventy percent of all coffee
beverages are made from.
The Arabica bean is a highly flavorful bean that contains less
caffeine than the Canephor coffee bean. The different growing
regions of the Arabic bean create different flavors in the bean.info
stated in here can be found inhttp://www.coffee.org/types-of-
coffee-bean
Differences
But the two types of bean have 6 difference between each other
There are two kinds of coffee beans that are used in production,
Arabica and Robusta.
They differ in taste and where they are grown. The most preferred
beans is Arabica while Robusta are commonly used in blends.
First, their flavor the Arabica bean is mostly used in the 3 n 1
packets of sachet we see in stores but the Robusta bean is
described as much more richer bean but it has a much more
stronger and contain a higher level of caffeine than Arabica beans
has a much more milder aromatic taste.
When it comes to their difference in shape, Arabica beans are flat
and elongated while Robusta beans have a more obvious rounded
shape.
In color the Arabica beans have a darker shade of green.
Proper Care
The Robusta bean but when it comes to proper care
and temperature of cultivating Arabica beans are cultivated in
more subtropical climates and can only be grown in higher
climates in places such as Central and South America.
Robusta beans on the other hand can be cultivated at lower
altitudes and require little rainfall to grow, making them more
common to places in Central and West Africa and South East
Asia. based on this sitehttp://www.coffeebeansblog.co.uk/6-
differences-between-arabica-and-robusta-coffee-beans/
Origin
Based on
http://www.coffeeresearch.org/coffee/history.htm,
There is a legend about coffee. This is how the story
goes. An arabaian sheperd names Kaldi found his
goats hapoy around a bold green nature with bright
red cherries in the southern tip of the Arabian
Peninsula.Kaldi tasted the red cherries to know it's
effect. He learned it was the reason why his sheeps
were acting that way. This amazing effect was a
used by monks at a local monastery to keep people
awake during praying activites and extend praying
hours around the world.but beacause os recent
research evidence seggested a different type of
coffee bean origin. This evidence indicates that the
history of the coffee bean beagan on the plateaus of
central Ethiopia and somehow it has been brought
to yemen where it was cultured since the 6th
century upon the first rising of varius coffee shop in
Cairo and Mecca that have been a passion rather
than a stimulant.

CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Coffee is a much known beverage to the majority of the people. It is known

for its stimulating effect on the functions of the brain, thus making the drinker
active. Variants of coffee flavors were already produced all throughout the
world aiming for the discovery of alternative sources for coffee production. The
 researchers goal is to make an alternative coffee beans using amapalaya
seeds since ampalaya tastes bitter. The researchers also chose this because
people nowadays drink coffee at work and when they are in home. This
product is also cheaper than the branded coffees which we can see in
supermarkets.
Materials
Amapalaya seeds

Mortar and Pestle

Baking pan (for roasting)
Pan (for roasting)
Ladle

Knife

Chopping board

Procedure
In making Ampalaya Coffee Beans, you only need one ingredient
and two tools. The ingredient that you need is ampalaya
seeds, the two tools are mortar and pestle or something that can
break an object into pieces. This method is
needed to be done by an adult to be safe. Be careful in cooking
the seeds in order to achieve the goal.
1. Ready your whole and fresh ampalaya. Cut it into half and get
the seeds inside.
2. Peel the cover of the ampalaya seeds.
3. Dry the seeds with a dry cloth or with a tissue paper.
4. You can either roast it in a pan until its color turns black or
bake them in an oven in a medium temperature (250 degrees) for
10-15 minutes. But if you want to be sure, you better do both until
you achieve the exact taste and color.
5. Crush the roasted/toasted ampalaya seeds using mortar and
pestle until it looks like powder (pulverized). Do not crush the
ampalaya seeds completely, leave bits of solid ampalaya seeds for
comparison taste.
6. Put the powder in a secure container in order for the aroma of
the powder to stay.
7. Now, the product is complete. This product can be more tastier
by putting the right amount of sugar and/or
creamer.
Timetable:
Time Table of Activities

-Chapter One:
October 9:Statement Of Objective

October 12:Significance of the study

October 14:Scopes and Delimitations

-Chapter Two
November 25:Review of Related Literature and Studies

-Chapter Three: Methodology

December 21:Procedure
Timetable
Materials
Introduction

-Chapter Four: Presentation and Analysis of Data

January 10:Table of Trials
 Findings
Analysis

Chapter Five: Conclusions and Recommendations

January 10: Conclusions
Recommendations

Bibliography: January 13

Appendices: January 15
Appendix A: Document Procedure
Appendix B: Planning Documents

January 19: Cover Page

Acknowledgements
Abstract Table of Contents

CHAPTER FOUR:
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSES OF DATA

Trial Materials Observation Results

1 Ampalaya The seeds are Based on the
seeds, pan, not fully observations,
strainer, mug, cooked/roasted. we did not get
mortar and The seeds are the desired
pestle. not bitter as the product for
commercially trial 1. Further
available trials are to be
coffee. There done
are some solids
of seeds left
 uncooked and
dry.
2 Ampalya The seeds were The
seeds, pan, fully roasted. researchers
strainer, mug, The aroma of obtained the
mortar and the seeds desired
pestle and smelled and product of
oven tray. tasted like the ampalaya
commercially coffee. The
available seeds turned
coffee. Without into a powder
adding cream look but still
and sugar. bits of ampala
seeds are left.
The coffee
tastes and
smellslike the
commercially
available
coffee.

Trial 1
On the first trial, the materials used are ampalaya seeds, pan,
strainer, mug, mortar and pestle. The result was not the desired
one that the researchers are looking for. The result of the ampalya
seeds were dry, bits of seeds are left uncooked. When the powder
is poured on a hot water, it is not fully dissolved. The powder did
smell like the commercially available coffee but did not taste as
it.
Trial 2
On the second trial Same materials were used but instead the
researchers cooked and baked the seeds. The researchers got the
desired product. The product smelled and tasted like the
commercially available coffee. The aroma was bitter as same with
the taste.

CHAPTER FIVE:
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion/s
We, the researchers, therefore conclude that ampalaya seed can
be an effective alternative for coffee beans because of the
following:
1. Aroma - The aroma of the seeds smelled like the
commercially available coffee. Just smelling the powder, it
would be hypothesized it is coffee.
2. Taste - Because it is our final product actually tastes like the
commercially available coffee.
3. Appearance - Between the product that the researchers made
and the commercially available coffee, there were a slight
difference with the appearance. The commercially available
coffee is pure powder unlike the product the researchers made,
bits of seeds are still uncooked.
4. Quality - When the powder is poured into a hot water not all
of the powder is fully dissolved. As said, some bits are left
uncooked.
Recommendation
1. Materials
- The researchers recommend to use a grinder and toast to fully
break the seeds into pieces.
- the researches also recommend to find other alternative seeds
that are bitter like amapalaya seeds.
2. Procedure
- The researches recommend to cooked the crushed ampalay
seeds before baking for it to be easily baked. Cooking it will affect
the texture, to be smooth just like the commercially available
coffee.

- The researchers recommend to bake the crushed seeds to obtain the aroma of a commercially available coffee.

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Appendix A

Cut the ampalaya in half to get the seeds.

Once you get the seeds, remove their soft coating to get the
real hard covered seeds.

Roast the seeds in a frying pan

in medium heat or bake them in 250 degrees for 10-15
minutes or until you get your desired color and taste of your
seeds
Crush the roasted seeds using mortar and pestle and strain
them using a strainer to get the pulverized seeds.
 Complete your coffee by putting creamer or sugar.

Appendix B
Time Table of Activities

-Chapter One:
October 9:Statement Of Objective

October 12:Significance of the study

October 14:Scopes and Delimitations

-Chapter Two
November 25:Review of Related Literature and Studies
 -Chapter Three: Methodology
December 21:Procedure
Timetable
Materials
Introduction

-Chapter Four: Presentation and Analysis of Data

January 10:Table of Trials
Findings
Analysis

Chapter Five: Conclusions and Recommendations

January 10: Conclusions
Recommendations

Bibliography: January 13

Appendices: January 15
Appendix A:Document Procedure
Appendix B:Planning Documents

January 19:Cover Page

Acknowledgements
Abstract Table of Contents