Basic Level - Unit 1 To 10 Without Keys (Curso-Ingles)

CURSO-INGLES
BASIC LEVEL - UNIT 1 - Pronouns:

Lesson 1.1
Personal Pronouns
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In English, a distinction is made between when the pronoun acts as the subject (subject pronouns) of the sentence, as
opposed to instances when it is used in the function of an object (object pronouns).
Personal Pronouns
Example
(Subject Pronouns)
I I am ill.
you You are tall.
he He is handsome.
she She is pretty.
it It is cold today.
we We are tired.
you You are hungry.
they They are at the cinema.
Personal Pronouns
Example
(Object Pronouns)
me Can you help me?
you I can help you.
him Can you see him?
her Give it to her.
it Give it a kick.
us Can you see us?
you I see you.
them He can help them.
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Note: The formal forms of you that are a part of some other languages, do not exist in English. As such, native English
speakers have no concept of the formal in this sense.
Also, it is important to remember that there is no distinction between the singular or plural forms of you in English. It
is only in the reflexive pronouns that we distinguish between these two forms: yourself (singular)
and yourselves (plural).
Neuter Form
Pronouns in English distinguish gender and include the neuter form it, as demonstrated in the pronouns table above.
The neuter form is used to refer to things, animals for which we do not know the sex, as well as the time and the weather.
The plural form of it is they.
Examples:
Where is it [the book]?
What time is it?
It is raining.
Note: The neuter form it is a very important grammatical component of English and one that non-native speakers tend
to forget.
Function
1. The pronoun as subject:
The subject of a sentence is the the person or thing that performs the action of the verb. Subject pronouns are used when
the pronoun is the subject of the sentence. In English, the subject pronoun is mandatory, as opposed to some other
languages, where the subject is optional.
Examples:
I am ill.
Subject = I
You are tall.
Subject = You
He is handsome.
Subject = He
We are tired.
Subject = We
2. The pronoun as object :
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Object pronouns function as the object of a verb and are located after the verb that they complement or after prepositions
such as for, to, with and at.
Examples:
I can help you.
Subject = I, Object = you
Can you see him?
Subject = you, Object = him
He is going to the party with us.
Subject = he, Object = us
It [the letter] is for you.
Subject = it, Object = you
Exercises: Personal Pronouns

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Choose the correct answer.

Q1 of 10
Who is Kate? Kate is my friend. ____ is a teacher.
Her
He
She
His
Q2 of 10
Who is this man? This is Henry. _____ is my boss.
His
Her
He
She
Q3 of 10
Do you know Tom? Yes, I know _____.
she
he
her
him
Q4 of 10
I don't see them. Do _____ see them?
you
I
they
me
Q5 of 10
We are going to the cinema. Do you want to come with _____?
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we
them
us
you
Q6 of 10
I love this book! Did you read _____?
it
he
they
she
Q7 of 10
Where are Tom and Kate living? _____ live next to my house.
She
They
He
We
Q8 of 10
Where's the cat? _____ is in the garden.
It
Its
She
He
Q9 of 10
It's Mary's birthday today. I called _____ this morning.
she
him
her
it
Q10 of 10
Amy and John are my new friends. I really like _____.
they
them
him
her
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Lesson 1.2
Possessive Pronouns
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There are two types of possessives which are determined by their function in the sentence.
Possessive Determiners Example
my This is my house.
your This is your book.
his This is his bicycle.
her This is her dress.
its This is its [the cats] home.
our These are our suitcases.
your These are your seats.
their These are their books.
Possessive Pronouns Example
mine This book is mine.
yours Is this book yours?
his This bicycle is his.
hers The dress is hers.
its The house is its [the cats].
ours The suitcases are ours.
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yours These seats are yours.
theirs This pencil is theirs.
Possessive determiners and pronouns vary according to the possessor and not to whether the object is in singular or
plural, as in some other languages such as Spanish.
my book, his book, my books, his books
Function
1. The possessive as determiner
These pronouns function as the determinative article of the noun that they accompany and therefore precede the object.
Examples:
My car is blue.
His house is big.
2. The possessive as pronoun
In this case, the possessive pronoun acts as a direct complement.
Examples:
The blue car is mine.
The big house is his.
Note: These examples respond to the question,Whose is this?.
Possessive Pronouns vs. the Genitive Case
The -s termination which indicates the genitive is not to be confused with the possessive determiners. As such, we
can say: :
Her dress
or:
Andreas dress
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In both cases we are expressing a possession and a possessor; in this case, the dress. In the first sentence, the possessive
determiner her indicates that both the speaker and the listener know who is being referred to; whereas in the second
sentence, the speaker wants to acknowledge the name of the possessor.
Grammatical Rules
1. We always use the genitive to refer to people.
Examples:
Pauls house
Marys bike
2. When we want to make reference to places or things we use the preposition of:
The wheel of the bike
Washington is the capital of the United States.
3. We can also use the genitive at the end of a sentence when it is used in response to a prior question. In this case,
we do not need to use the noun.
Examples:
Question :
Where is your sister?
Answer:
She is at my parents.
Question:
Whose house is this?
Answer:
It is Michaels.
4. When there is more than one possessor, the apostrophe comes after the s.
Examples:
The girls toys.
The students exams
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WARNING!
When the name of the possessor ends in s, we do not add the genitive -s termination, but only the apostrophe after
the s of the possessors name.
Luis house
Exercises: Possessive Pronouns

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Q1 of 6
This car is ____ car. This car is his.
he
her
his
hers
Q2 of 6
This house is our house. This house is ____.
our
ours
we
its
Q3 of 6
This hat is my hat. This hat is ____.
I
me
mine
its
Q4 of 6
This is your bike. This bike is ____.
you
your
yous
yours
Q5 of 6
This is ____ dog. This dog is hers.
her
his
hers
she
Q6 of 6
These are ____ children. These children are theirs.
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theirs
them
they
their
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Lesson 1.3
Demonstrative Pronouns
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It is important to first explain that demonstrative pronouns can be singular or plural and that they make reference as
well to distance.
this
that
these
those
Examples:
Singular and here:

I like this car.
Singular and there:

I like that car.
Plural and here:

I like These cars.
Plural and there:

I like those cars.
Demonstrative pronouns can be accompanied by a noun, as in the examples above, or they may be found alone, as in
the following examples.
Examples:
This is a good book.
What is that?
Other Uses of Demonstrative Pronouns
1. We use this when we present ourselves to someone on the telephone.
Example:
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Hello. This is Alicia.
2. We use that when we are not sure with whom we are speaking.
Example:
Peter, is that you?
3. We use this when we are introducing people.
Example:
Lucy, this is my friend Jill.
4.That can be used to refer to something in the past.
Example:
That pizza was delicious.
Note: That pizza can be either a pizza we just finished eating or one that we ate on our holidays last year.
Exercises: Demonstrative Pronouns

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Write the correct pronoun.

Sample
____ is my car here.
This
Q1 of 7
____ are my children over there in the park.
Q2 of 7
____ is my car over there.
Q3 of 7
____ are my children here.
Q4 of 7
____ bike over there is mine.
Q5 of 7
Do you know ____ boys over there?
Q6 of 7
Can I use ____ pencil here?
Q7 of 7
I love ____ biscuits here.
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Lesson 1.4
Reflexive Pronouns
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Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and the complement of the verb are the same. While reflexive verbs are
common in many other languages, they are not used as frequently in English. When necessary, the verb is followed by
one of the following reflexive pronouns:
Reflexive Pronouns Example
myself I saw it for myself.
yourself Dont burn yourself!
himself He hurt himself.
herself She did it herself.
itself The cat scratched itself.
ourselves We made it ourselves.
yourselves Did you paint the house yourselves?
themselves They were speaking to themselves.
Note: You can be either singular or plural. Note the reflexive form of the singular (yourself) and the plural
(yourselves).
Grammatical Rules
1. We can use reflexive pronouns with most transitive verbs, but among the most common are:
blame, cut, enjoy, help , hurt , introduce, prepare, teach
Examples:
How did he hurt himself?
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We really enjoyed ourselves while on holiday.
I blame myself.
2. We can use reflexive pronouns when we want to emphasize the subject. In these cases, it is more common to place
the pronoun at the end of the sentence rather than after the verb.
Examples:
We painted the house ourselves.
What a great party! Did you prepare everything yourself?
3. We use by + reflexive pronoun to indicate alone.
Examples:
I often prefer to be by myself.
She learned to read all by herself.
4. The use of the reflexive pronoun with some verbs can change the meaning.
Examples:
Help yourself to some coffee. (meaning: take some coffee)
We found ourselves in the middle of a very complicated situation. (meaning: to discover unexpectedly)
5. We do not use reflexive pronouns for actions that people usually do for themselves.
Example:
I have to shave every other day.
I have to shave myself every other day.
6. We use reflexive pronouns with certain expressions.
Examples:
Behave yourselves! (meaning: behave well)
Help yourself. (meaning: said to someone when offering something, such as food or drink)
Make yourself at home. (meaning: said to a guest to encourage them to feel comfortable in your home)
Reciprocal Pronouns
Reciprocal pronouns are formed with the phrase each other. This is not a reflexive form, but rather a reciprocal one.
In contrast to the reflexive, we have two different subjects that are talking one to one.
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Example:
John and Peter speak to each other every day.
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Q1 of 8
They can help ____.
theyselves
theyself
themselves
themself
Q2 of 8
You (singular) can do it ____.
yourself
youself
youselve
yourselve
Q3 of 8
You (plural) can do it ____.
youself
yourselves
youselves
yourself
Q4 of 8
He cleaned the kitchen ____.
heself
hiself
himself
hisself
Q5 of 8
I did my homework all by ____.
meself
mineself
self
myself
Q6 of 8
We made the cake all by ____.
usself
ourself
ourselves
usselves
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Q7 of 8
Did she paint the rooms ____.
sheself
self
herselves
herself
Q8 of 8
That dog just bit ____.
itself
itselves
heself
sheself
Exercises: Unit Test: Pronouns

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Q1 of 10
Where is David? ____ is at home.
His
She
He
Him
Q2 of 10
Can you help ____?
me
I
we
they
Q3 of 10
Where is the book? ____ is on the table.
He
It
She
--
Q4 of 10
____ house is blue.
You
It
Yours
Your
Q5 of 10
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These seats are ____.
theirs
them
they
their
Q6 of 10
Whose bike is it? It is ____.
Sarah
she
Sarah's
of Sarah
Q7 of 10
I like ____ book.
this
those
these
--
Q8 of 10
____ seats are ours.
That
This
--
Those
Q9 of 10
Did you paint the house? Yes, we painted the house ____.
yourselves
ourselves
ourself
itself
Q10 of 10
Alice and Paul see ____ everyday.
themselves
themself
yourselves
each other
BASIC LEVEL - UNIT 2 - The Articles:

Lesson 2.1
The Definite Article

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Articles define nouns and are always located before the noun that they define. In English, as opposed to Latin languages,
the articles are not gendered, nor are there plural forms.
Examples:
the boy, the boys

the book, the books
the girl, the girls
the table, the tables
The can be proceeded by the prepositions of or to, but in English there does not exist a contraction of the article
with these prepositions, as in some other languages.
Examples:
The days of the week
I am going to the garden.
Uses Of The Definite Article
1. We use the when we know who or what it is we are talking about. We use the to indicate something or
someone in particular, as such it is called the definite article. We speak of something concrete, something that both the
speaker and the receiver know of because it has been referenced earlier in the conversation or because it is something
previously known to both.
Examples:
What is the name of the restaurant?
Do you remember the day we went to New York?
Who is the president of the United States?
The doctor is very good.
2. We use the definite article with geological regions, mountain chains, seas, oceans, island groups, rivers and
countries in plural.
Examples:
the United States
the Netherlands
the Andes
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the Atlantic Ocean
the Canary Islands
the Nile River
3. We use the to make reference to directions (right, left, top, bottom) or the cardinal points (north, south, east,
west).
Examples:
the south of France
the house on the left
the top of the page
4. With superlative adjectives and ordinal numbers we also use the definite article.
Examples:
the tallest building
the strongest man
the first time
the second floor
When Not To Use The Definite Article
1. We do not use the definite article when we are speaking of something in general.
Examples:
I like ice cream.
Math is difficult.
2. We never use the when we are referring to television, meals, days of the week, months of the year, seasons,
years or the hour.
Examples:
I do not like to watch television [TV].
I have an appointment on Monday.
We eat breakfast at 9:00.
3. With institutions and modes of transportation, when we are speaking in general, we do not use the definite
article.
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Examples:
We like school.
I go to work by train.
They go to church on Sundays.
4. The is not used with city names or places in general, although there are some exceptions as we saw in the
previous section. In addition, we do not use the definite article with lakes or streets.
Examples:
I went to Lake Titicaca.
She lives on Flores Street.
Exercises: The Definite Article

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Write the article "the" when it is necessary. If the article is not necessary, write "-".
Sample
That is ____ restaurant I like best.
the
Q1 of 7
This is ____ Pacific Ocean.
Q2 of 7
Put your name at ____ top of the page please.
Q3 of 7
He goes to ____ work everyday at 8 o'clock.
Q4 of 7
My parents watch ____ television every night after dinner.
Q5 of 7
I love ____ chocolate.
Q6 of 7
She is ____ tallest girl in the class.
Q7 of 7
I got to ____ school by bus.
Lesson 2.2
The Indefinite Article

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Both the indefinite articles, a and an, mean the same thing and are used to indicate something or someone in
singular. We can never use these articles when we are referencing more than one thing.
Grammatical Rules
1. A is used with nouns that begin with a consonant.
Examples:
a book
a pen
a chair
a girl
2. We add -n to the article for nouns that begin with a vowel.
Examples:
an animal
an ice cream
an example
an orange
an umbrella
Exceptions:
We use a before words that begin with either u or eu when these are pronounced as yu.
Examples:
a university
a euro
An is used with words that begin with h, but only when it is not pronounced.
Examples:
an hour
a hospital
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Uses Of The Indefinite Article
1. We use the indefinite article when we are speaking of something in general.
Examples:
He has a computer.
We work in a school.
I want an orange.
2. We can also use a or an in place of one (singular).
Examples:
I want an apple and two oranges.
There are a hundred students in the school.
3. We use a or an when we make reference to something for the first time; the next reference we make, we
use the definite article.
Example:
I live in an apartment. The apartment is big.
4. With professions, offices and political affiliations, we use the indefinite article.
Examples:
Maria is a doctor.
Juan is an architect.
I am a democrat.
Exercises: The Indefinite Article

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Write "a" or "an".

Sample
My father is ____ doctor.
a
Q1 of 7
My mother is ____ architect.
Q2 of 7
My sister goes to ____ university in the north.
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Q3 of 7
There is ____ hotel near here.
Q4 of 7
He is ____ honest person.
Q5 of 7
Have you got ____ umbrella?
Q6 of 7
Can I have ____ apple?
Q7 of 7
I have ____ green apple.
Exercises: Unit Test: Articles

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Q1 of 10
What is ____ name of the hotel?
the
a
an
--
Q2 of 10
She works in ____ hospital.
the
a
an
--
Q3 of 10
I like to eat ____ apples.
the
a
an
--
Q4 of 10
New York is in ____ United States.
the
a
an
--
Q5 of 10
I am ____ republican.
the
a
22
an
--
Q6 of 10
We go to the supermarket on ____ Saturdays.
the
a
an
--
Q7 of 10
He has ____ red bike.
the
a
an
--
Q8 of 10
I want ____ orange and two apples.
the
a
an
--
Q9 of 10
Her father is ____ architect.
the
a
an
--
Q10 of 10
We live in _____ house. _____ house is small.
the, A
the, An
a, The
an, The
BASIC LEVEL - UNIT 3 - Prepositions:

Lesson 3.1
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Prepositions
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As in many languages, prepositions are perhaps the most difficult part of grammar to learn because direct translation is
often impossible. Prepositions can be translated differently depending on the situation or context of their use. It is
therefore recommended that the student memorize the different types and uses of the various prepositions, depending on
their relationship to the object in the sentence (place, time, movement/direction). As we will see, many of the
prepositions can be used in various contexts (place, time or movement/direction).
Note: Prepositions are always followed by a noun, not a verb (except in the gerund form).
In / At / On
Among the most common prepositions are in, at, and on. These three prepositions can be used to indicate either
place or time.
IN
Use (place): In is used to indicate both open and closed spaces. We use this preposition to indicate that something is
included within the limits of something, a closed space or the interior of something in a physical sense. As we can see
from the following examples, in can also be used to indicate the geographical location of something.
Examples:
I live in Brighton.
The cat is in the box.
I found your address in the phone book.
My parents arrive in France on Monday.
Use (time): In is used with months, years, periods of time, seasons and parts of the day.
Examples:
We went to Mexico in May.
I always run in the mornings.
I will see him in a week.
She was born in 1976.
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AT
Use (place): At is used in front of buildings such as home, the airport, university. It is also used
before top, bottom and the end of, as well as to indicate events such as meetings, parties, concerts, sports events,
etc. At is also used after the verb arrive when we are referring to places other than cities or countries.
Examples:
He is at home.
I always visit my sister at work.
We eat at the table.
She will see him at the theatre.
Her name is at the bottom of the page.
When did you arrive at the airport?
Use (time): We use at before the hour or holidays.
Examples:
He runs every morning at 6.
I will see them at Christmas.
ON
Use (place): On is used with surfaces, when we are referencing a location within a room, such as the ceiling or the
wall, or to indicate that someone is inside a mode of transport or on the floor of a building.
Examples:
The pen is on the table.
They have a photograph of Paris on the wall.
I am on the bus.
Her apartment is on the second floor.
Use (time): On is used with days of the week, dates and holidays.
Examples:
They went to Mexico on the first of May.
He runs on Mondays and Fridays.
I will see Luis on his birthday.
Exercises: Prepositions
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Q1 of 15
There are many tourists ____ New York.
in
at
to
Q2 of 15
I met him ____ the South of Spain.
on
at
in
Q3 of 15
My apartment is ____ the first floor.
on
at
in
Q4 of 15
The meeting is ____ 3:30.
on
at
in
Q5 of 15
I'm going to Mexico City ____ this weekend.
at
on
-
Q6 of 15
We often go to the beach ____ the summer.
in
at
on
Q7 of 15
My birthday is ____ the 10th of June.
at
on
in
Q8 of 15
His birthday is ____ May.
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-
on
in
Q9 of 15
Every year I go home ____ Christmas.
at
on
in
Q10 of 15
We are getting married ____ the spring.
at
in
on
Q11 of 15
John lives near ____ Barcelona.
in
at
-
Q12 of 15
What time do you eat ____ the afternoon?
on
at
in
Q13 of 15
Where is Alex? He is ____ his apartment.
at
in
on
Q14 of 15
We are meeting ____ the restaurant.
to
on
at
Q15 of 15
She will arrive ____ ten minutes.
on
in
at
Lesson 3.2
27
Prepositions of Place
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Prepositions of place are used to show where something is located and they are always found after the principal verb,
regardless of the verb tense. These prepositions are most often used with the verb to be.
We have already seen the various uses of the three most common prepositions (in, at, on) in the previous lesson.
Below you will find many other prepositions of place.
NEXT TO (BESIDE)
Meaning: adjacent or by the side of

Use: Next to and beside can be used interchangeably as the meaning is the same. The use of one over the other
depends on the speaker and the context.
Examples:
The supermarket is next to (beside) the bank.
Sit next to (beside) me.
BY
Meaning: in proximity to, near

Use: By may be used in the same contexts as next to or beside, but the meaning is closer to near rather than
directly adjacent.
Examples:
I sit by the window.
Our house is by the river.
BETWEEN
Meaning: in the time or space that separates
Examples:
The shop is between the bank and the train station.
She is standing between Peter and John.
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BEHIND
Meaning: in back of, to the rear of
Examples:
The church is behind the school.
He is standing behind you.
IN FRONT OF vs. OPPOSITE
Meaning: the opposite of behind (when talking about peoplesee below) or across from
Use: We differentiate between these two prepositions when we are speaking about people. Opposite indicates that two
people are facing one another (face to face), while in front of implies that one person is ahead of the other with their
back to the person behind, as in a line or queue.
Examples:
The hotel is in front of the station.
The bank is opposite the market.
Laura is standing in front of you.
She is sitting opposite me.
UNDER
Meaning: below or beneath, implying the object is covered by something
Examples:
The ball is under the chair.
The dog is under the tree.
ABOVE
Meaning: used in making comparisons, implying at a higher place than
Example:
The clock is above the table.
BELOW
Meaning: used in making comparisons, implying at a lower place than

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Example:
The table is below the clock.
Exercises: Prepositions of Place

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Q1 of 5
The table is below the window. The window is ____ the table.
behind
above
between
by
Q2 of 5
Steve, Alex, David. Alex is ____ Steve and David.
below
next to
by
between
Q3 of 5
Steve, Alex, David. Alex is ____ Steve.
between
under
next to
behind
Q4 of 5
Brenda is in front of Gina. Gina is ____ Brenda.
above
next to
beside
behind
Q5 of 5
Your mouth is ____ your nose.
under
next to
between
opposite
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Lesson 3.3
Prepositions of Time
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Prepositions of time are used to show when something happened. As we saw in the previous lesson, the three most
common prepositions (in, at,on) can be used both as prepositions of place or time. Below are several other
common prepositions of time.
BEFORE
Meaning: preceding, earlier than
Examples:
Call me before one.
They arrived before me.
AFTER
Meaning: subsequent to in time
Examples:
We will see you after the movie.
I arrived after them.
DURING
Meaning: throughout the duration of or at a point in the course of
Examples:
Dont talk during the movie.
I dont like to watch television during the day.
FOR
Meaning: a function word used to indicate duration of time, how long something has happened
Use: Although the meaning of for is similar to during, in the sense of indicating a duration of time, for is used to
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express a period of time (hours, days, months, years, etc.) while during is used to express when something happened
(within a period of time).
Examples:
I lived in England for three years.
He studied for the exam for one week.
Note: We will learn more about prepositions of time in later lessons on the various verb tenses.
Exercises: Prepositions of Time

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Q1 of 4
Train A leaves at 11:00. Train B leaves at 12:00. The B train leaves ____ the A train.
before
after
during
for
Q2 of 4
Bus 1 arrives at 7:00. Bus 2 arrives at 5:00. Bus 2 arrives ____ Bus 1.
before
after
during
for
Q3 of 4
She worked at the hotel ____ 5 years.
before
after
during
for
Q4 of 4
The rain started ____ the football match. They had to stop the game.
before
after
during
for
Lesson 3.4
32
Prepositions of Movement or Direction
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Prepositions of movement or direction are used to show movement from one place to another. These prepositions are
most often used with verbs of motion and are found after the verb.
TO
To is the most common of the prepositions of movement or direction.
Meaning: a function word used to indicate movement or an action or condition suggesting movement in the direction of
a place, person, or thing
Use: We use to to show movement in a specific direction.
Examples:
I go to school by bus.
You walk to work every day.
They came to the wedding.
Sofia flew to Canada.
ACROSS
Meaning: from one side to the other

Use: Across is used to show movement from one side to the opposite side.
Examples:
The boat will take you across the river.
You must walk across the street at the crosswalk.
ALONG
Meaning: in a line; a point in the length of; from one point to another
Examples:
Hes walking along the path.
The street runs along the seafront.
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AROUND
Meaning: in a circle; in or along a curving path
Examples:
You must drive around the city center to reach the cinema.
Lets go for a walk around the park.
DOWN
Meaning: high to low; to or toward the south

Use: Down is used to indicate movement from a higher to a lower position.
Examples:
I prefer to ride my bike down the hill.
We are going down to Florida this summer.
INTO
Meaning: to or toward to inside of; in the direction of; to enter
Examples:
Dont go into your sisters room!
We went into the shop on the corner.
OFF
Meaning: away from
Examples:
Get your feet off the sofa!
We get off the train at the next stop.
ONTO
Meaning: to move to a position that is on
Examples:
We can get onto the bus here.
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The dog got onto the sofa.
OVER
Meaning: in an upward and forward direction across something; from one place to another; from or to a place that is
higher than
Examples:
The cat jumped over the dog.
You must cross over the bridge.
PAST
Meaning: at the far side of something; beyond; up to or going near
Examples:
Walk past the theater on the right and the bank is on the left.
Go past Main Street and turn left at the next street.
THROUGH
Meaning: from one point to the other; from one end to the other
Use: Through is used to show movement within an enclosed space.
Examples:
You must turn on your lights when passing through the tunnel.
She walks through the park on her way to work.
TOWARD[S]
Meaning: in the direction of
Examples:
Who is that woman running towards us?
Walk towards the sea and turn left at the first street.
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UP
Meaning: low to high; toward the ceiling, sky or the north

Use: Up is used to indicate movement from a lower to a higher position.
Examples:
I dont like riding my bike up these hills.
We climbed up the mountain this morning.
Exercises: Prepositions of Movement or Direction

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Q1 of 5
He goes ____ disco techs every night.
to
across
down
towards
Q2 of 5
You must walk ____ the bridge.
into
across
down
along
Q3 of 5
Walk ____ the street and turn left.
around
onto
down
across
Q4 of 5
That woman going ____ the supermarket is my mother.
into
onto
across
off
Q5 of 5
Sally is talking ____ Michael.
to
off
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through
up
Exercises: Unit Test: Prepositions

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Q1 of 10
New York is the largest city ____ the United States.
on
at
into
in
Q2 of 10
The train is ____ the station.
on
at
to
by
Q3 of 10
Her birthday is _____ the 1st _____ January.
in, of
on, in
on, of
at, in
Q4 of 10
We will arrive ____ 15 minutes.
at
to
on
in
Q5 of 10
The shop is ____ the bank and the supermarket.
on
between
at
behind
Q6 of 10
The page number is ____ the top of the page.
above
on
37
at
in
Q7 of 10
They lived _____ China _____ three years.
at, for
in, for
on, during
in, during
Q8 of 10
I will see you ____ the morning.
in
on
for
at
Q9 of 10
What did Jenny say ____?
towards you
by you
to you
you
Q10 of 10
The dog jumped ____ the wall.
across
in
through
over
38
BASIC LEVEL - UNIT 4 - Nouns:
Lesson 4.1
Nouns
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Nouns are used to refer to people, animals, objects, events, places and abstract ideas. As we saw in the lessons
about articles, nouns in English are not gendered.
teacher, dog, ball, table, party, house,
happiness
Plural Nouns
In the majority of cases, to form the plural in English, we add -s to the end of the word.
Examples:
camera cameras
pen pens
house houses
car cars
Exceptions:
1. With words that end in a consonant + y, the y changes to an i and we add es.
Examples:
party parties
city cities
2. With words that end in a vowel + y, we simply add s.
Examples:
boy boys
toy toys
3. For words that end in s, ss, sh, ch, x or o, we add es.
Examples:
bus buses
glass glasses
brush brushes
watch watches
box boxes
tomato tomatoes
4. Words that end in f or fe, we change to ves.
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Examples:
leaf leaves
wife wives
Irregular Plural Nouns
Many plural nouns are irregular. There are two types of irregular nouns:
1. When the noun doesnt change.
Examples:
fish fish
fishes
sheep sheep
sheeps
2. When the plural changes in an irregular manner. In this case, there is no rule to follow and therefore is necessary
to learn the irregular forms of each of these plural nouns.
Singular Plural
man men
woman women
child children
person people
tooth teeth
foot feet
mouse mice
Exercises: Nouns
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Write the plural form of the following nouns.

Sample
The plural of baby: ____
babies
Q1 of 9
The plural of cake: ____
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Q2 of 9
The plural of church: ____
Q3 of 9
The plural of glass: ____
Q4 of 9
The plural of wife: ____
Q5 of 9
The plural of fish: ____
Q6 of 9
The plural of month: ____
Q7 of 9
The plural of child: ____
Q8 of 9
The plural of wish: ____
Q9 of 9
The plural of woman: ____
Lesson 4.2
Proper Nouns
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Proper nouns or proper names are the words we use for specific people, places, organizations, titles or events. Proper
nouns always begin with a capital letter.
1. Peoples names
Examples:
John Smith
Alex Jones
Mary Garcia
Mr. Henry Johnson
Ms. Nancy Frank
2. Months and days of the week
Examples:
January
September
Monday
Thursday
3. Holidays
Examples:
Easter
Christmas
Thanksgiving
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4. Names of companies or organizations
Examples:
Starbucks
Fiat
United Nations
5. Names of countries, cities, towns, etc.
Examples:
Argentina
France
New York
Barcelona
St. Paul
Brighton
6. Nationalities and languages
Examples:
English
Japanese
French
Russian
7. Geographical and celestial names
Examples:
the Pacific Ocean
the North Pole
Saturn
8. Monuments and buildings
Examples:
the Empire State Building
the Coloseum
the Louvre
the White House
9. Historic Events
Examples:
World War II
the Industrial Revolution
Black Friday
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10. Peoples titles
Examples:
President Obama
Doctor Norris
11. Religions, deities and scripture
Examples:
Catholicism
Islam
the Torah
God
12. Titles of books, films and works of art
Examples:
To Kill a Mockingbird
For Whom the Bell Tolls
The Godfather
Gone with the Wind
The Garden of Earthly Delights
Note: In the titles of books, films and works of art, all nouns, adjectives and verbs in the title are in capital letters.
Exercises: Proper Nouns

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Choose the word which is not a proper noun.

Q1 of 5
president obama lives in the white house.
President
Lives
White
House
Q2 of 5
peter's favorite movie is pulp fiction.
Movie
Peter's
Pulp
Fiction
Q3 of 5
cristina's birthday is this tuesday, july 5th.
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Cristina's
Birthday
Tuesday
July
Q4 of 5
eric can speak english, french and spanish.
Eric
Speak
English,
French
Q5 of 5
There are more than 100 starbucks in new york.
New
York
Starbucks
More
Lesson 4.3
44
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
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Nouns in English can be either countable or uncountable.
Countable Nouns
Countable nouns are those nouns that can be counted.
Examples:
one [a] pencil
two cats
three houses
Uncountable Nouns
Uncountable nouns are those nouns which cannot be counted because they cannot be defined individually, but rather
are part of a whole. As such, they are treated as singular (you can not make them plural by adding -s).
salt, wood, tea, wine, sugar, bread, furniture,
hair, information, money, weather, time, rice
However, once we delimit these nouns by placing a countable expression in front of the noun, they become countable.
Examples:
a gram of salt
a piece of wood
two cups of tea
three glasses of wine
Grammatical Rules
1. Countable nouns have a plural form (regular or irregular):
Examples:
egg eggs
bicycle bicycles
dress dresses
Uncountable nouns do not have a plural form:
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rice
rices
milk
milks
2. You can use a or an with countable nouns in singular:
Examples:
an apple
a house
We cannot use a or an with uncountable nouns:

a milk
3. Numbers can be used in front of countable nouns:
Examples:
three apples
five houses
Numbers cannot be used in front of uncountable nouns:

two rices
Exercises: Countable/Uncountable Nouns

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Q1 of 8
tomato
countable
uncountable
Q2 of 8
wine
countable
uncountable
Q3 of 8
bread
countable
uncountable
Q4 of 8
newspaper
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countable
uncountable
Q5 of 8
bottle of wine
countable
uncountable
Q6 of 8
information
countable
uncountable
Q7 of 8
loaf of bread
countable
uncountable
Q8 of 8
sugar
countable
uncountable
Lesson 4.4
47
There Be
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We use there + be to talk about the existence of something. There + be can be used in all verb tenses, but is
conjugated in order to distinguish between singular or plural and countable or uncountable.
There is
There is is used with countable nouns in singular and uncountable nouns. The short form is theres.
Examples:
Countable Nouns
There is a pencil.
Theres one car.
There is not an apple.
Is there a pen?
Uncountable Nouns
There is milk.
There is not time.
Is there sugar?
There are
There are can only be used with countable nouns in plural. There is no short form.
Examples:
There are five pencils.
There are not two cars.
Are there many people?
Note: There are some verb tenses in which we do not conjugate there + be to indicate plural or singular, countable or
uncountable. These verb tenses include the future (will), the past perfect and when used with modal verbs. For more
information, see the lessons relating to these various verb tenses.
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There v. It
We use there when we speak of something for the first time, to indicate that it exists. On the other hand, we use it to
speak of something specific or something already mentioned.
Examples:
There is a pen on the table. It is my pen.
There is a car in the garage. It is blue.
There is milk. It is in the refrigerator.
Exercises: There Be
Share this
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of "there be".
Sample
____ 5 apples in the bowl.
There are
Q1 of 7
____ any water?
Q2 of 7
____ (not) any sugar in the coffee.
Q3 of 7
____ (not) any tomatoes in the salad.
Q4 of 7
____ some wine in the glass.
Q5 of 7
____ any money in your wallet?
Q6 of 7
____ a problem with this phone.
Q7 of 7
____ any vegetables in this recipe?
49
Lesson 4.5
Quantifiers
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Quantifiers indicate the quantity of a noun. They respond to the questions, How much? or How many?. As with
the articles in English, quantifiers define nouns and are always located in front of the noun they define.
Some quantifiers can be used only with countable nouns, others only with uncountable nouns and others with both.
Quantifier Countable Uncountable
many X
much X
some X X
any X X
no, none X X
a lot of/lots of X X
little/a little X
few/a few X
We use quantifiers to express the idea of quantity or number. The following is a summary of the various quantifiers and
how and when to use them.
Many
Meaning: a large, but indefinite quantity

Use: This quantifier is used most often in negative and interrogative sentences with countable nouns in plural. Many
can also be used in affirmative sentences, but it is not very common. More often, in the affirmative we use
other quantifiers such as a lot.
Examples:
Negative Sentences:
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There are not many tourists.
Interrogative Sentences:
How many cats do you have?
Affirmative Sentences:
We have many friends.
Many can also be combined with too or so to express the idea of an excessive quantity.
Examples:
There are too many changes for me.
There are so many things I want to do!
Much

Use: As with many, much is used to express the idea of a large quantity and is used most often in negative and
interrogative sentences. Unlike many, we use much only with uncountable nouns. Much can also be used in
affirmative sentences, although it is more formal and not very common.
Examples:
Negative Sentences:
There is not much time .
How much money does he have?
We have much to do!
Like many, much can also be combined with too or so to express the idea of an excessive quantity.
Examples:
There is too much work .
We have so much work to do!
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Some
Meaning: an unspecified, but limited quantity

Use: Some is used with both uncountable nouns as well as countable nouns in plural. It is used in affirmative sentences
and occasionally with interrogative sentences (to affirm something). In negative and interrogative sentences, some is
replaced with any.
Examples:
Affirmative Sentences/Countable Nouns:

She has some apples.
Affirmative Sentences/Uncountable Nouns:

There is some milk in the kitchen.
Would you like some coffee?
Any
Meaning: an unspecified quantity, one or more

Use: Any is used in the same contexts as some, but only in negative and interrogative sentences.
Examples:
Negative Sentences/Countable Nouns:

I do not have any cats.
Negative Sentences/Uncountable Nouns:

He does not have any money.
Interrogative Sentences/Uncountable Nouns:

Are there any changes?

Is there any milk?
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No, None
Meaning: not any

Use: As opposed to no, none can be used without a noun (countable or uncountable). It is therefore generally found
at the end of a sentence and only in response to a question that refers to quantity.
Examples:
Interrogative Sentences/Countable Nouns:

How many pencils are there? None.

There are no pencils.

How much money do you have? None.

I have no money.
A lot of/Lots of

Use: This quantifier can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns. As opposed to much or many, a lot
is not generally used in interrogative sentences. In general, the use of lots of is more informal.
Examples:
Affirmative Sentences/Countable Nouns:

He has a lot of books.

He does not have a lot of books.
Affirmative Sentences/Uncountable Nouns:

I have lots of money.

I do not have a lot of money.
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Little/A little
Meaning: a small, but indefinite quantity

Use: These quantifiers are used only with uncountable nouns. The use of one over the other reflects an opinion regarding
the quantity. The use of a little implies a positive opinion of the quantity, while the use of little reflects a negative
attitude.
Examples:
Do you have a little money?
We have little time.
Few/A few
Meaning: a small, but indefinite quantity

Use: These quantifiers can only be used with countable nouns. As we saw above, the use of one over the other reflects an
opinion about the quantity. Few reflects a negative opinion, while a few a positive one.
Examples:
Do you have a few dollars?
There are few tourists here today.
Exercises: Quantifiers
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Q1 of 10
There are not ____ options.
much
many
some
few
Q2 of 10
How ____ money do you have?
54
much
many
some
any
Q3 of 10
There is ____ butter in the fridge.
few
many
some
any
Q4 of 10
We don't have ____ time.
many
some
a little
much
Q5 of 10
Do you have ____ milk?
many
any
a few
some
Q6 of 10
Amy has ____ friends.
a lot of
much
any
a little
Q7 of 10
Do you have ____ money I could borrow?
a few
a little
a lot
many
Q8 of 10
There are ____ oranges in the kitchen.
any
some
much
a little
Q9 of 10
How ____ books do you have?
55
much
many
any
some
Q10 of 10
How much money do you have? ____.
Any
A few
Many
None
Exercises: Unit Test: Nouns

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Q1 of 8
Choose the sentence which is grammatically correct:
There aren't some flowers in the garden.
There isn't some flowers in the garden
There isn't any flowers in the garden.
There aren't any flowers in the garden.
Q2 of 8
How many time do you have?
How much time do you have?
How some time do you have?
How much time you have?
Q3 of 8
She is taking an english class in london this july.
She is taking an English class in London this july.
She is taking an English class in London this July.
She is taking an english class in London this July.
Q4 of 8
There are a lot of women in the class.
There are a lot of womans in the class.
There are much women in the class
There are lots of womans in the class.
Q5 of 8
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Is there an hotel near here? Yes, there are a few.
Is there a hotel near here? Yes, there are a few.
Is there a hotel near here? Yes, there are few.
Is there a hotel near here? Yes, there're a few.
Q6 of 8
There are many japanese tourists in the vatican.
There are many Japanese tourists in the vatican.
There are much Japanese tourists in the Vatican.
There are many Japanese tourists in the Vatican.
Q7 of 8
Can I have some milk?
Can I have some milks?
Can I have any milk?
Can I have any milks?
Q8 of 8
There are many partys in August.
There are much partys in august.
There are many parties in August.
There are many parties in august.
57
BASIC LEVEL - UNIT 5 - Adjectives:
Lesson 5.1
Adjectives
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An adjective is a word that modifies a noun. Adjectives can denote a quality of the noun being modified or they can
extend, complement or quantify the size or extent of the noun. Adjectives are words that name or indicate qualities,
features, characteristics or properties of the noun which they modify.
Examples:
the tall man
a happy child
a dark street
a Spanish woman
the red ball
a cold winter
the glass table
Types of Adjectives
In English there are six types of adjectives:
1. Descriptive/Qualitative
fat, blue, nice, hot, young, round, long
2. Demonstrative
this, that, these, those
*For more information, see the lesson on demonstrative pronouns.
3. Quantitative
some, any, many, much
*For more information, see the lesson on quantifiers.
4. Interrogative
which?, what?, where?, how?
*For more information, see the lesson on constructing questions.

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5. Possessive
my, your, his, our
*For more information, see the lesson on possessive pronouns.
6. Numeric
one, four, first, third
*For more information, see the lessons on cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers.
Grammatical Rules
1. The adjective is almost always situated in front of the noun, as we saw in the examples at the beginning of the
lesson. With some verbs, the adjective is located after the verb. These verbs include:
to be, to become, to feel, to look, to seem, to smell, to taste
Examples:
She looks [seems] tired.
I feel good.
It smells bad.
You are beautiful.
2. Adjectives in English are not gendered as in some other languages.

fast, good, cold, tall
3. In general, adjectives do not have a plural form. Only demonstrative and quantitative adjectives have different
forms for singular and plural.
Demonstrative:
this pencil
these pencils
Quantitatives:
much money
many books
4. We can use two or more adjectives together.
Examples:
a small black book
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a Spanish woman woman
a large glass table
a wonderful old city
As a general rule, we follow the order in the table below when using more than one adjective together:
Order Adjective Type Examples
1 opinion/value delicious, wonderful, pretty
2 size short, big, small, tall
3 age/temperature new, old, young, hot, cold
4 shape/form round, fat, thin, square
5 color red, black, blue, green
6 origin Spanish, American, French
7 material silver, cotton, paper, iron
8 use electric, political
9 name bath (towel)
Exercises: Adjectives
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Write the adjectives in the correct order.

Sample
Spanish/beautiful/a/woman/young
a beautiful youn
Q1 of 10
glass/a/round/small/table
Q2 of 10
French/city/a/old/wonderful
Q3 of 10
60
a/blue/cotton/bath/towel/large
Q4 of 10
fat/brown/cats/two
Q5 of 10
red/new/a/car/fast
Q6 of 10
day/a/cold/winter/long
Q7 of 10
small/three/books/black
Q8 of 10
big/red/a/apple/delicious
Q9 of 10
man/an/Canadian/old/intelligent
Q10 of 10
wooden/a/chair/old/big
61
BASIC LEVEL - UNIT 6 - Verbs:
Lesson 6.1
Verbs
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Verbs are words that indicate action, existence, possession or mood.
In English, we use the preposition to to form the infinitive. For example: to talk, to eat, to change, etc.
Verbs are the most complicated part of speech. There are many types of verbs. The verb can indicate the primary action
of the phrase (principal verb). Auxiliary verbs can add detail to the action or help the principal verb (they are also
sometimes referred to as helping verbs). Modal verbs add modality (possibility, ability, permission, prohibition,
obligation, etc). Transitive verbs connect the subject with the object of the sentence. Some verbs only need a subject
(intransitive verbs). There are also verbs that consist of more than one word
(prepositional verbs and phrasal verbs). Verbs can be active or passive. For now, at this level, we will focus on the
uses of principal and auxiliary verbs.
In addition to understanding the many types and uses of verbs in English, we must also conjugate verbs. The conjugation
of verbs depends on the subject and verb tense. In the following lessons and levels you can find explanations of all of the
various verb tenses. For now, at this beginner level, we are only going to study the present simple and present
continuous verb tenses.
Some of the most common verbs in English:

to be
to have
to do
to make
to take
to get
to go
to come
to leave
to know
to like
to want
to feel
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to begin, to start
to end, to finish
to stay
to change
to wait
to put
to be able
to think
to believe
to hope, to wish
to look
to see
to hear
to call (US), to ring (UK)
to read
to write
to listen
to eat
to drink
to learn
to teach
Auxiliary Verbs
There are three important verbs in English that can be used as either principal verbs or auxiliary verbs: to be, to
have and to do. The meaning will change depending on the use, but the conjugation is always the same.
To be
This is the most common and most important verb in English, as in many other languages. At the same time, it is an
irregular verb in all verb tenses and the construction of negative and interrogative sentences using the verb to be is
different that that of the other verbs, as we will see in the lesson on constructing sentences. We also use to be to form
the present continuous. As it is so common and so important and at the same time irregular, it is essential to have a good
understanding of how to conjugate this verb.
Subject Present simple
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I am
you, we, they are
he, she, it is
To have
When used as a principal verb, to have indicates possession. It is used as an auxiliary verb in forming the perfect
tenses, as we will see in later lessons. For the moment, it is important to understand that this verb can be used in both
manners and that it is irregular.
I, you, we, they have
he, she, it has
To do
As a principal verb ,to do is a primary action verb meaning to perform or execute. As an auxiliary verb, it has no
meaning, but is essential in constructing negative and interrogative sentences in the simple tenses. It may also be used in
affirmative sentences for emphasis.
I, you, we, they do
he, she, it does
Exercises: Verbs
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0
64
Q1 of 11
Which of the following is an auxiliary verb?
go
take
do
Q2 of 11
be
want
have got
Q3 of 11
make
have
say
Q4 of 11
____ you like coffee?
Go
Take
Do
Q5 of 11
He ____ waiting for the bus.
is
wants
has got
Q6 of 11
We ____ got 3 dogs.
make
have
say
Q7 of 11
I ____ to the gym every day.
want
go
do
Q8 of 11
They ____ playing football.
are
do
is
Q9 of 11
____ he live alone?
65
Do
Has
Does
Q10 of 11
____ you listening to me?
Do
Are
Is
Q11 of 11
I ____ tea every morning.
eat
play
drink
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Lesson 6.2
To Be
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The verb to be is both the most important verb in the English language and the most complicated. It is used as both a
principal verb and an auxiliary verb and is irregular in both the present and past tenses.
Grammatical Rules
Affirmative
Subject Present Simple Short Form
I am Im
you are youre
he is hes
she is shes
it is its
we are were
they are theyre
Negative
I am not Im not
you are not youre not/you arent
he is not hes not/he isnt
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she is not shes not/she isnt
it is not its not/it isnt
we are were not/we arent
they are not theyre not/they arent
Interrogative
Note: In questions with the verb to be, the subject and verb change position.
Present Simple
Am I?
Are you?
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
Are we?
Are they?
Uses
1. We use to be as a principal verb to show the status or characteristics of somebody or something (as a stative
verb). It can also be used with prepositions of place to indicate where something is located.
Examples:
With a noun:
I am a teacher.
You arent a student.
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Is he a doctor?
With a preposition of place + a location:

She is in New York.
They arent at home.
Is the book on the table?
With an adjetive:
We are happy.
He isnt sad.
Are you tired?
2. To be is used as an auxiliary verb to form the present continuous verb tense and the passive voice which will
be introduced in later lessons. For more information on auxiliary verbs, see the verbs lesson.
3. To show that something exists, we combine is or are with there. See the lesson on There be for more
information.
4. To be, like many other verbs, can be used with a prepositional phrase. See the lesson on Phrasal and
Prepositional Verbs.
Exercises: To Be
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Write the correct form of "to be".

Sample
We ____ in the park.
are
Q1 of 10
David ____ happy. (negative)
Q2 of 10
I ____ ill.
Q3 of 10
____ you Spanish?
Q4 of 10
My brother and I ____ at home. (negative)
Q5 of 10
Peter and Mark ____ brothers.
Q6 of 10
The cat ____ on the table.
Q7 of 10
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It ____ a very nice day.
Q8 of 10
I ____ 13, I am 14. (negative)
Q9 of 10
It ____ 8 o'clock.
Q10 of 10
We ____ good friends.
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Lesson 6.3
Short Forms
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The use of short forms is very common in English, particularly in colloquial English and in informal situations.
Verbs in the present tense which have short forms are to be, to have got and to have (when used as an auxiliary
verb). There is also a short form for the verb to do, but only when it is used as an auxiliary verb and only in the
negative.
1. To be
Affirmative Short Form Negative Short Form
I am Im I am not Im not
youre not
you are youre you are not
you arent
hes not
he is hes he is not
he isnt
shes not
she is shes she is not
she isnt
its not
it is its it is not
it isnt
were not
we are were we are not
we arent
theyre not
they are theyre they are not
they arent
Examples:
Im happy.
Youre tall.
Shes pretty.
Its 10:00.
Hes not here. / He isnt here.
Theyre not Spanish. / They arent Spanish.
2. To have got
Affirmative Short Form Negative Short Form
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I have got Ive not got
Ive got I have not got
I havent got
youve not got

you have got youve got you have not got
you havent got
hes not got

he has got hes got he has not got
he hasnt got
shes not got

she has got shes got she has not got
she hasnt got
its not got

it has got its got it has not got
it hasnt got
weve not got

we have got weve got we have not got
we havent got
theyve not got

they have got theyve got they have not got
they havent got
Examples:
Ive got a car.
Youve got blue eyes.
Hes got big feet.
Its [the cat] not got a home. / It hasnt got a home.
Theyve not got children. / They havent got children.
Note: We do not use the short form of to have when it is used as the principal verb; only when it is used as the
auxiliary verb (as we will see in the lesson on the present perfect tense).
When to have is the principal verb, we cannot say:

Ive car.
Hes blue eyes.
3. To do
The verb to do only has a short form when it is used as an auxiliary verb and only in the negative.
Negative Short Form
I do not I dont
you do not you dont
he does not he doesnt
she does not she doesnt
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it does not it doesnt
we do not we dont
they do not they dont
Examples:
I dont know.
She doesnt like ice cream.
It doesnt snow here.
We dont have children.
Note: For more information on the use of to do as an auxiliary verb, see the lessons on verbs, constructing
sentences and the present simple.
4. In addition to personal pronouns, we can use short forms with interrogative pronouns such as what and
where, as well as the following: here, there, and that. In these cases, the short form only exists in the singular
(is).
Examples:
Wheres the concert?
Whos that?
Hows your father?
Heres the book.
Thats mine.
Long Form Short Form
What is Whats
Who is Whos
When is Whens
Where is Wheres
How is Hows
Here is Heres
There is Theres
That is Thats
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Note: There are more short forms in other verb tenses which we will see in later lessons.
Exercises: Short Forms

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Write the short form. More than one correct answer may be posible.
Sample
he is: ____
he's
Q1 of 8
I am not: ____
Q2 of 8
they have got: ____
Q3 of 8
we are: ____
Q4 of 8
she is not: ____
Q5 of 8
I do not: ____
Q6 of 8
What is: ____
Q7 of 8
he does not: ____
Q8 of 8
you are not: ____
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Lesson 6.4
Have vs. Have got

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The verbs to have and to have got both indicate possession in English, but it is important to keep in mind that the
structure of these verbs is very different. These two verbs can be used to talk about relationships, illnesses and
characteristics, but it is very important to note that to have has various other meanings and uses. Have is more
commonly used in American English and have got is more often used in British English.
Structure
Affirmative
HAVE GOT
Have got is often used in colloquial language and frequently in the contracted or short form.
Note: Have got can only be used in the present simple tense. In the past tense, we use only have (conjugation:
had).
I have got Ive got
you have got youve got
he has got hes got
she has got shes got
it has got its got
we have got weve got
they have got theyve got
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Examples:
I have got a car.
You have got two brothers.
He has got a big house.
She has got a cold.
It has got a ball.
We have got brown hair.
They have got red bicycles.
HAVE
Note: There is no short form for have in the affirmative.
Subject Present Simple
I have
you have
he has
she has
it has
we have
they have
Examples:
I have a car.
You have two brothers.
He has a big house.
She has a cold.
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It has a ball.
We have brown hair.
They have red bicycles.
Negative
HAVE GOT
Ive not got

I have not got I havent got
youve not got

you have not got
you havent got
hes not got

he has not got
he hasnt got
shes not got

she has not got
she hasnt got
its not got

it has not got
it hasnt got
weve not got

we have not got
we havent got
theyve not got

they have not got
they havent got
Examples:
I havent got a car.
Youve not got two brothers.
He hasnt got a big house.
Shes not got a cold.
It hasnt got a ball.
Weve not got brown hair.
They havent got red bicycles.
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HAVE
I do not have I dont have
you do not have you dont have
he does not have he doesnt have
she does not have she doesnt have
it does not have it doesnt have
we do not have we dont have
they do not have they dont have
Examples:
I dont have a car.
You dont have two brothers.
He doesnt have a big house.
She doesnt have a cold.
It doesnt have a ball.
We dont have brown hair.
They dont have red bicycles.
Interrogative
HAVE GOT
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I Have I got?
you Have you got?
he Has he got?
she Has she got?
it Has it got?
we Have we got?
they Have they got?
Examples:
Have I got a car?
Have you got two brothers?
Has he got a big house?
Has she got a cold?
Has it got a ball?
Have we got brown hair?
Have they got red bicycles?
HAVE
I Do I have?
you Do you have?
he Does he have?
she Does she have?
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it Does it have?
we Do we have?
they Do they have?
Examples:
Do I have a car?
Do you have two brothers?
Does he have a big house?
Does she have a cold?
Does it have a ball?
Do we have brown hair?
Do they have red bicycles?
Note: As these two verbs are used to indicate possession, they cannot be used in the continuous tenses. See the lesson on
the continuous verb tenses for more information.
Other Uses of Have
As mentioned previously, to have has various other meanings for both actions and experiences. In these uses, to
have may be used in the continuous.
Examples:
to have breakfast / lunch / dinner / a snack / a drink
to have a bath / a shower / a swim / a break / a party / a holiday
to have an experience / an accident / a dream
to have a conversation / discussion / argument
to have trouble / fun / a good time
to have a baby
Note: To Have is also used as an auxiliary verb in forming the perfect tenses. For more information, see the lessons on
the present perfect and past perfect.
Exercises: Have vs. Have got

80
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Rewrite the following sentences in the affirmative, negative or the interrogative.

Sample
Write the sentence in the negative: He has got a car.
He has not got a He hasn't got a He's not got a ca
or or
Q1 of 8
Write the sentence in the interrogative: You have two brothers.
Q2 of 8
Write the sentence in the interrogative: You have got a dog.
Q3 of 8
Write the sentence in the negative: She has a big house.
Q4 of 8
Write the sentence in the negative: We have a cat.
Q5 of 8
Write the sentence in the interrogative: They have dinner at 6 o'clock.
Q6 of 8
Write the sentence in the affirmative: We haven't got a cat.
Q7 of 8
Write the sentence in the affirmative: Does he have a red bike?
Q8 of 8
Write the sentence in the interrogative: He hasn't got any pets.
81
Lesson 6.5
Modal Verbs
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Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that, unlike the auxiliary verbs be, do y have, cannot function as principal verbs.
Modal verbs express modality, ability, possibility, necessity, probability, obligation or other conditions. They are
auxiliary verbs used for forming the future and conditional.
As complementary verbs, modal verbs cannot function without other verbs. The principal verb is always found after the
modal verb and in the base form. Modal verbs are not conjugated and have no tenses.
The modal verbs are:

can
could
may
might
will
shall
should
ought to
must/have to
would
Uses
Can
Meaning: to be able to; indicates ability or possibility
Examples:
I can speak five languages.
We can work late tonight if you need us.
Bill and Tom cant help you.
The restaurant can be expensive if you drink a lot of wine.
It can be dangerous to drive if you are tired.
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In interrogative sentences, we use can to ask permission (informally) or to ask about possibilities.
Examples:
Can I have a glass of water?
Can you help me?
Can they work late tonight?
Could
Meaning: past tense of can, indicates ability or possibility in the past
Examples:
Joe could speak Spanish when he was young.
I couldnt sleep last night.
It could have been worse.
Could you play an instrument when you were a child?
Could is also used for possibilities in the future.
Examples:
You could pass the test if you studied.
I think it could rain later.
As with can, in interrogative sentences could is used to ask permission or to ask about possibilities, but in a more
formal sense.
Examples:
Could you pass the salt please?
Could you help me?
Could I be wrong?
Note: Could is used in conditional sentences. See the lesson on conditional sentences for more information.
May
Meaning: used to indicate possibilities in the future
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Examples:
I would bring an umbrella, it may rain later.
It may be better to finish this now, rather than wait until tomorrow.
May is also used to give permission or instructions.
Examples:
You may leave if you like.
You may use your cell phones now.
In interrogative sentences, may is the most polite way to ask permission (as opposed to can or could).
Examples:
May I have a glass of water?
May I leave now?
Might
Meaning: synonym of may, indicates possibilities in the present or future
Examples:
I would bring an umbrella, it might rain later.
It might be better to finish this now, rather than wait until tomorrow.
Might can also be used like may to ask permission, but this is much more common in British English than in
American English.
Will
Meaning: used to express willingness or consent
As we will see in later lessons, will is used to form the future tense.
Examples:
I will help you.
We will learn English.
Will is used in interrogative sentence to ask for information, a favor or opinion.
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Examples:
Will they find a cure for cancer?
Will you help me move?
Will he go to Paris by car or train?
Shall
Meaning: used, like will, to express the future
The use of shall is much more common in British English and is generally considered more polite.
Examples:
Chris shall be happy to see you.
Ill take the 3 oclock train.
Note: The short forms of will y shall are the same. Therefore, Ill in the above example can mean either I will
or I shall.
We also use shall for offers or to make suggestions or to ask about opinions or preferences.
Examples:
Shall we meet at 10pm?
Shall we go to the movies or a museum?
Should
Meaning: indicates a recommendation or obligation or reflects an opinion about what is right or correct
Examples:
I should call my parents more often.
You shouldnt work so hard.
They should practice more if they want to win the championship.
Should is used in interrogative sentences to ask if there is an obligation or to ask for a recommendation.
Examples:
Should we leave a tip?
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Should I have the steak or the chicken?
Where should they meet you?
Ought to
Meaning: synonym of should although it is less common.
Examples:
She ought to quit smoking.
I ought to call my parents more often.
They ought to work less.
Must
Must indicates an obligation, prohibition (when in the negative) or necessity; it is a synonym of have to in
affirmative sentences.
Examples:
You must [have to] read this book, its fantastic.
You must [have to] brush your teeth two times a day.
We must [have to] leave now or we will be late.
You must not drink and drive.
When must we meet you?
We also use must for probability or assumptions.
Examples:
Johns not here. He must be sick because he never misses class.
It must be difficult to learn a new language as an adult.
Must can also be used in rhetorical questions.
Examples:
Must you always be late?
Must she talk so much?
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Would
Meaning: past tense of will; indicates preference, desire, or intention
Examples:
She would like to go to New York someday.
I would like a beer and my wife would like a glass of wine please.
Would you like some coffee?
Would you help me please?
When would you like to go to the movies?
Note: Would is used to form the conditional in English. See the lesson on conditional sentences for more information
on the use of would.
Exercises: Modals 1
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Q1 of 8
____ you help me?
Can
Might
Should
Would
Q2 of 8
They ____ practice more if they want to win the championship.
may
might
should
would
Q3 of 8
You ____ not drink and drive.
may
might
would
must
Q4 of 8
____ you always be late?
87
May
Might
Would
Must
Q5 of 8
I ____ like to go to New York someday.
may
will
should
would
Q6 of 8
They ____ to work less.
may
ought
should
must
Q7 of 8
It ____ be dangerous to drive if you are tired.
can
shall
ought
should
Q8 of 8
____ you help me move?
Might
Will
Ought to
Should
Exercises: Modals 2
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Q1 of 10
Megan ____ play both the piano and the guitar.
would
can
must
should
Q2 of 10
Start eating without me, I ____ be late.
88
must
can
might
would
Q3 of 10
You ____ wear a helmet when riding your bike.
must
can
would
may
Q4 of 10
____ you help me with my homework?
May
Must
Would
Can
Q5 of 10
I know it's difficult, but we ____ succeed!
might
would
ought to
will
Q6 of 10
That cut looks infected, you ____ go to the doctor.
might
should
will
would
Q7 of 10
I ____ eat my dinner last night, my stomach hurt.
couldn't
can't
mustn't
won't
Q8 of 10
Glen ____ come with us to the movies if he finishes his work.
would
ought to
may
must
Q9 of 10
I ____ like to learn English some day.
89
can
will
would
must
Q10 of 10
We ____ break the window because we locked the keys inside the car.
had to
could
should
would
Share this

Q1 of 8
____ you swim?
Are
May
Have
Can
Q2 of 8
They ____ a car.
haven't
haven't got
doesn't have
don't have got
Q3 of 8
The bank ____ on the corner.
are
aren't
is
it's
Q4 of 8
You ____ smoke in the theater.
mustn't
must
might
should
Q5 of 8
_____ you _____ some money?
Does, have
Has, got
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Do, have
Do, have got
Q6 of 8
They ____ good friends.
are
is
do
can
Q7 of 8
He ____ lot of toys.
have
has got
is got
got
Q8 of 8
You look ill. You ____ go to the doctor.
may
can
should
might
BASIC LEVEL - UNIT 7 - Sentence Structure:

Lesson 7.1
91
Constructing Sentences
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Below is a review of the basic structure of affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences in English. For more on
sentence structure, see the lessons on the various verb tenses.
Affirmative Sentences
Subject + verb + noun, adjective
Examples:
Im happy.
She likes ice cream.
We live in Madrid.
They have [theyve got] a car.
Negative Sentences
There are two ways to construct negative sentences, depending on the verb:
1. As a general rule, we use the auxiliary verb to do to construct negative sentences. We conjugate the auxiliary
verb to do, while the principal verb is in the infinitive.
Subject + auxiliary verb (to do) + negative auxiliary (not)
+ verb + noun, adjective
Examples:
She does not [doesnt] like ice cream.
We do not [dont] live in Madrid.
They do not [dont] have a car.
2. With the verbs to be and to have got, the auxiliary verb to do is not necessary in the negative. Note that
with the verb to have got, the negative auxiliary not is located between have and got.
Subject + verb + negative auxiliary (not) + noun, adjective
Examples:
Im not happy.
Theyve not [they havent] got a car.
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Note: It is important to keep in mind the difference between the verbs to have and to have got.
Both verbs imply possession, but the structure of sentences with these two verbs is different. The structure of sentences
with to have got is similar to that of sentences with to be, while to have is treated like all other verbs (using the
auxiliary verb to do in the negative and interrogative). For more information see the lesson, Have vs. Have Got.
Interrogative Sentences
As with negative sentences, there are two ways to form interrogative sentences in English depending on the verb.
1. As a general rule, we use the auxiliary verb to do to construct interrogative sentences. As with negative
sentences, we conjugate the auxiliary verb to do, while the principal verb is in the infinitive.
Auxiliary verb (to do) + subject + verb + noun, adjective?
Examples:
Does she like ice cream?
Do you live in Madrid?
Do they have a car?
2. With the verbs to be and have got:

Verb + subject + noun, adjective?
Examples:
Is he happy?
Have they got a car?
Note: It is important to note how the order of the words changes in interrogative sentences. These sentences start with
the principal or auxiliary verb, as opposed to the subject, as in affirmative and negative sentences.
Exercises: Constructing Sentences

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Write the words in the correct order to form sentences.

Sample
happy/you/are
You are happy.
Q1 of 10
93
lives/she/New York/in
Q2 of 10
don't/like/I/ice cream
Q3 of 10
a/they/dog/got/have
Q4 of 10
not/is/tired/he
Q5 of 10
we/Spain/don't/live/in
Q6 of 10
got/car/has/he/a/?
Q7 of 10
are/happy/?/they
Q8 of 10
does/like/he/?/dogs
Q9 of 10
go/Carol/doesn't/the/cinema/to
Q10 of 10
they/near/hospital/live/do/the/?
Lesson 7.2
Imperative Sentences
94
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In general, the imperative is used to give orders, instructions or warnings. The structure of imperative sentences is
different because we do not use a subject; it is assumed that the subject is always you. Therefore, the verb is always in
the infinitive form.
The Affirmative Imperative

Verb + noun, adjective
Examples:
Do your homework!
Wash your hands!
Tell me the truth!
The Negative Imperative

Auxiliary verb (to do) + negative auxiliary (not) + verb + noun, adjective
Examples:
Do not lie to me!
Do not wash in the washing machine.
Dont hit your sister!
Note: If we want to include ourselves in the sentence, we use lets
Examples:
Lets go!
Lets not fight.
Exercises: Imperative Sentences

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Sample
hands/your/wash/!
Wash your hand
Q1 of 8
95
lie/me/!/don't/to
Q2 of 8
go/cinema/!/the/let's/to
Q3 of 8
TV/!/don't/watch
Q4 of 8
play/football/!/let's
Q5 of 8
clean/bedroom/!/your
Q6 of 8
other/hit/don't/each/!
Q7 of 8
not/argue/let's/.
Q8 of 8
toys/up/pick/your/all/!
Exercises: Unit Test: Sentence Structure

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Sample
sister/in/my/hospital/a/works.
My sister works
Q1 of 8
got/a/we/time/have/lot/of
Q2 of 8
watch/a/movie/!/let's
Q3 of 8
not/am/home/I/at/
Q4 of 8
you/ice cream/?/do/like
Q5 of 8
much/!/drink/don't/too
Q6 of 8
is/bus/he/the/?/on
Q7 of 8
gym/doesn't/he/to/go/the
Q8 of 8
waste/let's/time/not
BASIC LEVEL - UNIT 8 - Verb Tenses: Present:

Lesson 8.1
96
Present Simple
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When we speak of the various verb tenses, we must talk about both how to form the tense, as well as when we use it.
Therefore, in this lesson, as with all the other verb tense lessons, we will look at both structure and use.
Grammatical Rules
Form
When conjugating the verb in the present simple, we use the infinitive with the following subjects: I, you, we, and
they. For the third person (he, she and it), we add an -s to the end of the verb.
Subject Conjugation
I, you, we, they talk, eat, learn, do, go
he, she, it talks, eats, learns, does, goes
Note: There are spelling exceptions in the third person, depending on the last letter(s) of the verb. The rules are the same
as those for forming the plural. For more information, see the lesson on nouns.
Structure
1. Affirmative Sentences
Subject + verb.
Examples:
I talk.
He eats.
They learn.
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2. Negative Sentences
Subject + auxiliary verb (to do) + negative auxiliary (not) + verb.
Examples:
I do not [dont] talk.
He does not [doesnt] eat.
They do not [dont] learn.
Note: Dont forget that in negative sentences with the auxiliary to do, it is the auxiliary verb that is conjugated in the
third person, not the principal verb.
3. Interrogative Sentences
Auxiliary verb (to do) + subject + verb?
Examples:
Do you talk?
Does he eat?
Do they learn?
Note: As with negative sentences, it is the auxiliary verb to do that is conjugated, depending on the subject. The
principal verb remains in the infinitive.
*For more information on the structure of sentences, see the lesson on constructing sentences.
Uses
1. We use the present simple when speaking about things that happen regularly. It is never used to speak about
something that is happening at the moment in which we are speaking.
We tend to use adverbs of time with the present simple:

always, every day, usually, often, sometimes,
rarely, hardly ever, never
Examples:
I always talk to my mother on Sunday.
He never eats vegetables.
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They learn something new in class.They usually learn something new in class.
Exception:
Adverbs of time are generally located before the verb, except when they are used with the verb to be. When using to
be, the adverb is found after the verb.
Ejemplos:
I am always happy.
He is often sick.
They are rarely late.
2. The present simple is used to speak about generalities or scientific facts.
Examples:
He does not [doesnt] eat vegetables.
She works in a hospital.
Elephants live in Africa.
Bogota is in Columbia.
Do children like animals?
Adults do not [dont] know everything.
3. We also use the present simple for events scheduled in the near future.
Examples:
The train leaves at 10:00.
The party is tonight.
Does the festival start tomorrow?
The plane does not [doesnt] arrive today.
4. We use the present simple for giving instructions (the imperative).
Examples:
Open the window.
Eat the vegetables.
Dont cry.
Do your homework.
Call your mother.
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Exercises: Present Simple
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Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parenthesis.
Sample
I sometimes ____ (go) to work by car.
go
Q1 of 10
Ben (work) in a hospital.
Q2 of 10
_____ you _____ (like) fish?
Q3 of 10
She _____ (not/teach) English.
Q4 of 10
Matthew never _____ (watch) television.
Q5 of 10
_____ she _____ (play) football?
Q6 of 10
They always _____ (eat) dinner at 7 o'clock.
Q7 of 10
We _____ (not/live) in a big house.
Q8 of 10
Valerie _____ (study) English at university.
Q9 of 10
_____ he _____ (want) to eat?
Q10 of 10
Samantha _____ (play) tennis twice a week.
Lesson 8.2
Present Continuous
100
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Grammatical Rules
Form
To form the present continuous, we must use the auxiliary verb to be, as well as the verb+ing.
Subject Auxiliary (to be) Verb+ing
I am talking , eating, learning, doing, going}
he, she, it is talking, eating, learning, doing, going
you, we, they are talking , eating, learning, doing, going
Structure
1. Affirmative Sentences
Subject + auxiliary verb (to be) + verb+ing.
Examples:
Im talking.
Hes eating.
Theyre learning.
2. Negative Sentences
Subject + auxiliary verb (to be) + negative auxiliary (not) + verb+ing.
Examples:
Im not talking.
Hes not eating.
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Theyre not learning.
3. Interrogative Sentences
Auxiliary verb (to be) + subject + verb+ing?
Examples:
Are you talking?
Is he eating?
Are they learning?
Uses
1. The present continuous is used to speak about something that is happening at the moment in which we are
speaking. Time expressions such as now, right now or at the moment are indicators of the present continuous.
Examples:
Im studying now.
Hes eating at the moment.
Is it raining?
2. We can also use the present continuous to talk about something that is happening now, but not necessarily at
the moment when we are speaking. In this case, time expressions such as currently, lately or these days might
be used.
Examples:
Theyre learning English.
Shes currently looking for a job.
Are you working much lately?
3. The present continuous may also be used to talk about something already decided in the near future. The use of
the present continuous indicates that the future event is quite certain to happen.
Examples:
Im going to the party tonight.
Hes not [He isnt] coming to class tomorrow.
Are you working next week?

Note: There are some verbs which may not be used in the continuous tenses. Further explanation, as well as a list of such
verbs that cannot be used in the continuous tenses, can be found in the lesson on the continuous verb tenses. The
following verbs cannot be used in the continuous tenses:
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be, want, need, know, prefer, remember,
understand, care, see, hear, smell, believe,
belong, cost, seem, exist, own, like, dislike,
love, hate, fear, envy, mind
Examples:
David needs a new car.
David is needing a new car.
Exercises: Present Continuous

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Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parenthesis.
Sample
I ____ (work) now.
am working
Q1 of 8
Nell ____ (not/watch) television at the moment.
Q2 of 8
They ____ (go) to the cinema.
Q3 of 8
_____ you _____ (call) your mother?
Q4 of 8
John ____ (read) the newspaper.
Q5 of 8
_____ Valerie _____ (study) English?
Q6 of 8
We ____ (not/play) video games.
Q7 of 8
I ____ (not/drink) water.
Q8 of 8
We ____ (know) her.
Lesson 8.3
Continuous Verb Tenses
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As mentioned in the previous lesson on the present continuous, there are some verbs which may not be used in the
continuous tenses. Below is a list of the verbs which cannot be used in any of the continuous verb tenses (present, past
or future). The list is grouped according to the type of verb. In general, verbs which cannot be used in the continuous are
static verbs, rather than active ones (dynamic). Some of the following verbs have two meanings; one which is static and
one which is active. If there is more than one meaning for a verb, you will find below only the meaning of the verb that
cannot be used in the continuous.
1. Sense Verbs:
feel, hear, see, smell, taste
Examples:
Involuntary/Stative:
I (can) see you.
I am seeing you.
It smells like you are cooking something.
It is smelling like you are cooking something.
Voluntary/Active:
I am seeing you later, right?
I see you later, right?
I am tasting the soup to see if it is as good as it smells.
I taste the soup right now.
Note: If the sense is voluntary or active, we can use the continuous form. In the case of to hear, the active form is a
different verb, to listen to.
2. Emotive Verbs:
believe, dislike, doubt, imagine, hate, know, like, love, prefer, realize, recognize, remember,
suppose, think, understand, want, wish
Examples:
Youre lying. I dont believe you!
Youre lying. I am not believing you!
Dont worry, he understands you.
Dont worry, he is understanding you.
Do you think there is something wrong?
Are you thinking there is something wrong?
3. Stative or Abstract Verbs:

be, cost, seem, need, care, contain, exist
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Examples:
I am ill.
I am being ill.
David needs a new car.
David is needing a new car.
Cigarettes cost 5 euros now.
Cigarettes are costing 5 euros now.
I dont care if you dont like it, you are going to eat it!
Im not caring if you are not liking it, you are going to eat it!
Note: Normally, to be is a static verb, but it can also be used to talk about behavior. In this case, when we use to be
to discuss the conduct of someone, we can use the continuous tense.
Examples:
You are silly. (*Meaning = in general, you are a silly person)
You are being silly. (*Meaning = at the moment, you are acting or behaving in a silly manner)
4. Possessive Verbs:
belong, have, possess, own
Examples:
Ann owned a house when she lived in New York.
Ann was owning a house when she lived in New York.
That belongs to me!
That is belonging to me!
Note: When we use the verb to have in the possessive sense, we cannot use it in the continuous.
Examples:
I have [Ive got] a car.
I am having a car.
I am having dinner right now.
I have dinner right now.
5. Communication verbs:
agree, astonish, deny, disagree, impress, mean,
please, promise, satisfy, surprise
Examples:
I disagree, I think its a great idea.
I am disagreeing, I am thinking its a great idea.
You surprised me!
You were surprising me!
Exercises: Continuous Verb Tenses

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Q1 of 8
Which of the following cannot be used in the continuous verb tense?
walk
want
take
start
Q2 of 8
run
live
work
like
Q3 of 8
teach
understand
make
do
Q4 of 8
go
talk
remember
learn
Q5 of 8
know
meet
give
get
Q6 of 8
use
have
try
prefer
Q7 of 8
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doubt
speak
do
play
Q8 of 8
study
suppose
work
give
Exercises: Unit Test: Present Tense

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Q1 of 10
I ____ in a bank.
works
working
work
is working
Q2 of 10
Barbara ____ everyday.
run
runs
is running
running
Q3 of 10
He ____ in Canada.
doesn't live
don't live
not live
not lives
Q4 of 10
We ____ English.
studys
are studying
studies
is studying
Q5 of 10
What are you doing right now? I ____ my homework.
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am doing
is doing
are doing
do
Q6 of 10
We ____ to the cinema next weekend.
go
goes
are going
is going
Q7 of 10
He ____ next week.
not is working
isn't working
not works
is working not
Q8 of 10
_____ the train _____ at 8:00?
Does, leave
Do, leaves
Does, leaves
Do, leave
Q9 of 10
____ to the party tonight?
You are going
Is you going
You go
Are you going
Q10 of 10
Michael ____ a new car.
want
is wanting
are wanting
wants
BASIC LEVEL - UNIT 9 - Numbers, Dates, Time:

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Lesson 9.1
Cardinal Numbers
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From 1 al 12
one (1), two (2), three (3), four (4), five (5), six (6), seven (7), eight (8), nine (9), ten (10), eleven (11), t
welve (12)
From 13 to 19 we use the termination -teen.

thirteen (13), fourteen (14), fifteen (15), sixteen (16), seventeen (17), eighteen (18), nineteen (19)
20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 end in -ty.

twenty (20), thirty (30), forty (40), fifty (50), sixty (60), seventy (70), eighty (80), ninety (90)
For compound numbers in the tens, we use a hyphen (-).

twenty-one (21), thirty-two (32), forty-three (43), fifty-four(54), sixty-five (65), seventy-
six (76), eighty-seven (87), ninety-eight (98)
To form hundreds:
a/one hundred (100), two hundred (200), three hundred (300)
To join hundreds and tens we use and.

two hundred and fifty-five (255), six hundred and forty-eight (648)
For thousands:
a/one thousand (1,000), two thousand (2,000), ten thousand (10,000)
For millions:
a/one million (1,000,000), two million (2,000,000), three million (3,000,000)
Examples:
a/one hundred and two (102)
three hundred and twelve (312)
five thousand and ten (5,010)
two million five hundred thousand / two and a half million (2,500,000)
six thousand two hundred and seventy-nine ( 6,279)
two thousand two hundred and twenty-two (2,222)
three thousand three hundred and thirty-three (3,333)
Numbers
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1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen
14 fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
20 twenty
21 twenty-one
22 twenty-two
30 thirty
40 forty
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 seventy
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80 eighty
90 ninety
100 a/one hundred
101 a/one hundred and one
200 two hundred
1,000 a/one thousand
1,001 a/one thousand and one
one thousand one hundred

1,100
eleven hundred
10,000 ten thousand
100,000 a/one hundred thousand
1,000,000 a/one million
Exercises: Cardinal Numbers

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Write the numbers.

Sample
8 ____
eight
Q1 of 11
12 ____
Q2 of 11
17 ____
Q3 of 11
24 ____
Q4 of 11
51 ____
Q5 of 11
102 ____
Q6 of 11
243 ____
Q7 of 11
3635 ____
Q8 of 11
thirty-eight ____
Q9 of 11
five hundred and eleven ____
Q10 of 11
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four thousand nine hundred and one ____
Q11 of 11
six million three thousand one hundred and twenty-nine ____
Lesson 9.2
Ordinal Numbers
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The abbreviation of ordinal numbers is formed using the number and the last two letters of the word. The rules for the
written words are the same as those of ordinal numbers (we use a hyphen for tens and for hundreds, thousands and
millions, we use and).
1st (first), 2nd (second), 3rd (third), 7th (seventh), 15th (fifteenth),
20th (twentieth), 23rd (twenty-third), 31st (thirty-first)
Numbers
1st first
2nd second
3rd third
4th fourth
5th fifth
6th sixth
7th seventh
8th eighth
9th ninth
10th tenth
11th eleventh
12th twelfth
13th thirteenth
14th fourteenth
15th fifteenth
16th sixteenth
17th seventeenth
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18th eighteenth
19th nineteenth
20th twentieth
21st twenty-first
22nd twenty-second
30th thirtieth
40th fortieth
50th fiftieth
60th sixtieth
70th seventieth
80th eightieth
90th ninetieth
100th hundredth
101st hundred and first
200th two hundredth
1,000th thousandth
10,000th ten thousandth
100,000th hundred thousandth
1,000,000th millionth
Exercises: Ordinal Numbers

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Write the numbers.

Sample
3rd ____
third
Q1 of 8
10th ____
Q2 of 8
15th ____
Q3 of 8
21st ____
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Q4 of 8
142nd ____
Q5 of 8
twelfth
Q6 of 8
sixty-second
Q7 of 8
three hundred and eighty-sixth
Q8 of 8
fifty-seventh
Lesson 9.3
The Date
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Vocabulary
day
daily
today
tonight
yesterday
tomorrow
week
weekly
weekend
month
monthly
year
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yearly
decade
century
calendar
schedule
Days of the Week
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Months of the Year
January
February
March
April
May
June
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July
August
September
October
November
December
The Seasons
winter
spring
summer
autumn, fall (US)
Holidays
Easter
Halloween
Christmas
New Years day
New Years eve
Grammatical Rules
1. The days of the week and the months are capitalized.
Examples:
July
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Thursday
2. Dates are expressed using ordinal numbers.
Examples:
Today is the 1st (first) of April.
His birthday is the 14th (fourteenth) of October.
3. Date format:
Examples:
June 30, 2006
November 10, 1968
US Format: month/day/year
04/18/2010
UK Format: day/month/year
18/04/2010
Exercises: The Date

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Write the date as written in the example.

Sample
1/2/2013
the first of Febru the 1st of Febru
or
Q1 of 8
11/8/2000
Q2 of 8
16/9/2005
Q3 of 8
22/7/1994
Q4 of 8
30/1/2012
Q5 of 8
17/3/1999
Q6 of 8
5/5/2016
Q7 of 8
19/4/2010
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Q8 of 8
21/10/1977
Lesson 9.4
Time
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There are many ways to express time in English.
1. We can say the numbers as they are:
Examples:
ten twenty (10:20)
two fifteen (2:15)
five forty-five (5:45)
2. When the hour is on the hour, it is expressed using oclock:
Examples:
nine or nine oclock
twelve or twelve oclock
We cannot say:
six-thirty oclock
3. When speaking, we do not use the 24 hour clock. To differentiate between the morning and the afternoon, we use
am (morning) and pm (afternoon).
Examples:
Four [oclock] in the morning / 4 am (4:00)
Five [oclock] in the afternoon / 5 pm (17:00)
4. The following are further examples of how to say the time:
Examples:
one oclock (1:00)
7am (7:00)
3pm (15:00)
ten past [after] five (5:10/17:10)
quarter past [after] six (6:15/18:15)
half past eight / eight thirty (8:30/20:30)
twenty to eleven (10:40/22:40)
quarter to twelve (11:45/23:45)
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Note: In British English, 15 minutes after the hour is quarter past and in American English, it is more often said,
quarter after.
5. Asking and telling the time:
Question:
What time is it?
Whats the time?
Answer
Its
Exercises: Time
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Write the hour.

Sample
9:00 ____
9 o'clock nine o'clock
or
Q1 of 7
12:15 ____
Q2 of 7
3:30 ____
Q3 of 7
1:00 ____
Q4 of 7
5:45 ____
Q5 of 7
7:20 ____
Q6 of 7
10:50 ____
Q7 of 7
2:15 ____
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BASIC LEVEL - UNIT 10 - Christmas:
Lesson 10.1
Christmas Vocabulary
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Vocabulary
Advent calendar
bells
carol
chimney
Christmas cards
Christmas Eve
Christmas tree
decorations
eggnog
Father Christmas/Santa Claus
feast
gift giving
gifts/presents
Happy New Year!
holly
holy
jingle
Merry Christmas
Nativity scene
New Years Eve
ornament
Peace on Earth!
poinsettia
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reindeer
Seasons Greetings!
sleigh
snowball
snowflake
snowman
snowy
Three Wise Men
tinsel
toy
wreath
Lesson 10.2
Christmas in New York City

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The weeks between Thanksgiving and the New Year are perhaps the best time to visit New York City. It is certainly
the most magical time in this incredible city, as it is transformed into a Christmas wonderland.
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Department store windows are decorated with marvelous holiday scenes and the sound of
Christmas carols and jingling bells spill out into the streets. Christmas trees and wreaths are sold on street corners,
filling the city with the smell of Christmas.
There are many holiday related activities to do as well. Whether its going to see the famous Rockettes at the Radio City
Music Halls Christmas Spectacular or to any one of the many productions of The Nutcracker ballet with music by
Tchaikovsky, you are sure to get into the holiday spirit.
Other possibilities include the lighting of the Rockefeller Center Christmas tree, ice skating in Central park, visiting the
holiday lights display at the Bronx Zoo or the annual holiday train show at the New York Botanical Gardens.
With so many things to do, there is sure to be something for everyone in the family to enjoy. A visit to New York City
at Christmas could possibly be the best present ever. And if you are lucky, it might even snow!
We Wish You A Merry Christmas
We wish you a merry Christmas
And a happy New Year.
Glad tidings we bring
To you and your kin;
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Glad tidings for Christmas
And a happy New Year!
We want some figgy pudding
Please bring it right here!
We wont go until we get some
So bring it out here!
We wish you a Merry Christmas
And a happy New Year.
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Basic Level - Unit 1 To 10 Without Keys (Curso-Ingles)

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Basic Level - Unit 1 To 10 Without Keys (Curso-Ingles)

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CURSO-INGLES

BASIC LEVEL - UNIT 1 - Pronouns:

you You are tall.

she She is pretty.

you You are hungry.

they They are at the cinema.

me Can you help me?

you I can help you.

him Can you see him?

her Give it to her.

us Can you see us?

you I see you.

them He can help them.

1. The pronoun as subject:

2. The pronoun as object :

Exercises: Personal Pronouns

Choose the correct answer.

Possessive Determiners Example

your This is your book.

his This is his bicycle.

her This is her dress.

its This is its [the cats] home.

our These are our suitcases.

your These are your seats.

their These are their books.

Possessive Pronouns Example

mine This book is mine.

yours Is this book yours?

his This bicycle is his.

hers The dress is hers.

its The house is its [the cats].

ours The suitcases are ours.

theirs This pencil is theirs.

1. The possessive as determiner

His house is big.

2. The possessive as pronoun

In this case, the possessive pronoun acts as a direct complement.

The big house is his.

Note: These examples respond to the question,Whose is this?.

Possessive Pronouns vs. the Genitive Case

1. We always use the genitive to refer to people.

Washington is the capital of the United States.

The students exams

Exercises: Possessive Pronouns

Choose the correct answer.

Singular and here:

Singular and there:

Plural and here:

Plural and there:

Other Uses of Demonstrative Pronouns

1. We use this when we present ourselves to someone on the telephone.

3. We use this when we are introducing people.

4.That can be used to refer to something in the past.

Exercises: Demonstrative Pronouns

Write the correct pronoun.

Reflexive Pronouns Example

myself I saw it for myself.

yourself Dont burn yourself!

himself He hurt himself.

herself She did it herself.

itself The cat scratched itself.

ourselves We made it ourselves.