Factors Influencing Highway Design

Functional Classification
Design hourly traffic volume and vehicle mix
Design speed
Design vehicle
Cross section of the highway, such as lanes, shoulders and medians
Presence of heavy vehicles on steep grades
Topography of the area that the highway traverses
Level of Service
Availability of funds
Safety
Social and environmental factors
Highway Functional Classification
Urban Principal Arterial System
C.M. Recto Avenue, serves the major activity centers of the
urban area and consists mainly of the highest-traffic-volume
corridors.
Urban Minor Arterial System
Streets and highways that interconnect with and augment the
urban primary arterials.
Urban Collector Street System
Collect traffic from local streets in residential areas or in CBDs
and convey it to the arterial system.
Urban Local Street System
All other streets within the urban area
DPWH New Classification System
National Primary directly connects major cities ( 100,000 pop)
National Secondary directly connects national primary roads,
ports, airports, secondary roads, cities, provincial capitals, national
government infrastructure or other national secondary roads
National Tertiary other roads used as local function
Provincial Roads connects, cities and municipalities not along
national roads, barangays through rural areas and major provincial
government infrastructure
Municipal and City Roads within Poblacion, connects provincial
and national roads, provide inter-barangay connections to major
municipal and city infrastructure not along provincial roads
Barangay Roads Other public roads in barangays not covered by
above
Expressways limited access, normally with interchanges; includes
facilities for levying tolls in open and closed system.
DPWH New Classification System
National Primary Roads
MC MC
Tertiary Roads Expressways

National Secondary Roads

CC

T
Ports, airports, ferry terminals and B
national government infrastructures
Note: B B
MC, major cities
CC, other cities
T, Town
B, Barangay
NAIA Expressway in Metro Manila Area:
Detailed Engineering Design Requirements

High Speed Highways

Good ride quality
Safe, skid-resistant surface
Quiet surface
Low maintenance
Good ride quality, accurate surface level
Bad Ride Quality Good Ride Quality
Safe, skid-resistant surface,
texture depth requirement
Quiet Surface, surface noise,
nuisance to the driver or nuisance to
an adjacent population
General principles:
Large surface protrusions generate high noise
High material stiffness generates high frequency noise.
Low road maintenance
Design reliability at least 90%
to 95%.
10% to 5% chance of the
actual lifespan being less
than the stated value.
Resurfacing is accepted as a
necessity every 10-15 years.
Detailed Engineering Design Requirements

Urban Roads
Maintenance-friendly
construction
High-skid-resistance
surface in places
High rut resistance in
places
Low maintenance
 Maintenance-friendly construction
Be possible to cut/break the
road using standard
equipment
Strong PQC is should be
avoided
Backfill to trenches should
not result in a significantly
poorer or less stiff
construction
Pavement should be of fairly
standard type of
construction.
High-skid-resistance surface in places
Munro Stanley Portable Skid Resistance Tester (also
known as the British Pendulum Tester)

Higher than average skid

resistance is typically specified
are at pedestrian crossings,
junctions, and roundabouts
Special treatment of high-
friction chippings stuck down
with an ultra-tough binder
 Rut Resistance
Take extreme Use block paving over a
care to design hydraulically-bound base
asphalt mixtures Use PQC
to resist rutting Use grouted macadam
 Low Maintenance
Disruption of traffic is a
major consideration in
road maintenance.
Activities such as surface
dressing, slurry sealing or
retexturing is acceptable
as disruptions are only
brief.
Reliability should be high
in urban roads
Detailed Engineering Design Requirements
Rural Roads
Adequate ride quality
Suitably high skid
resistance
Adequate ride quality and Skid Resistance

For developed countries

traffic speeds are at least
60-100 kph thus ride
quality must be sufficient
Ideally asphalt makes a
good bounding material
If traffic volume is low
enough, roads can be
entirely made of granular
pavements, sealed with a
surface dressing.
Car, coach and lorry parks
Sufficient load-bearing capacity
Maintain an acceptable surface finish
Ports and heavy industrial pavements
Limit uneven deformation
Airfield pavements
Limit deformation
Ensure adequate skid resistance
Avoid future closures
Resist fuel/oil spillage
Avoid foreign object damage (FOD)
 Ports and heavy industrial pavements
Limit uneven
deformation
Designed for
specific vehicles
used as follows