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Food
Food is essential for all the living organisms. Plants prepare their own food and store in their special
organs as fruits, tubers, seeds etc. Animals and human beings depend on this stored food of plant.
Bigger animals depend on smaller animals for their food. Human beings also depend on animals for their
food.
Importance of food
Food provides energy.
Food is needed for growth.
Food helps in maintaining good health.
Food maintains body functions.
Food is necessary to heal wounds.
Ingredients
Food comprises of ingredients. An ingredient is a part of mixture that is added to prepare a dish.
Ingredients vary with different types of food. Ingredients can be obtained from plant sources and animal
sources.
Nutrients
Food comprises of essential nutrients namely, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.
Carbohydrates and fats are called as energy providing food. Proteins are called as body-building food.
Vitamins and minerals are called as protective food.
a) Roots: We eat plant roots in the form of carrot, turnip, radish and beetroot.
b) Stem: We eat stems of some plants as in sugarcane, coriander. One form of stem tuber is potato. We
also eat underground stem in the form of ginger.
c) Leaves: Many green leaves are the sources of calcium. Some leaves that we eat are spinach, cabbage,
amaranthus, curry leaves etc. Onion is also a form leaf which is underground.
d) Flowers: Flowers of pumpkin, cauliflower are edible flowers. Some types of roses are also edible.
e) Fruits: We get edible fruits from many plants. Fruits can be fleshy fruits or dry fruits. e.g. mango,
guava, orange, apple, pear, grapes, banana etc. Almonds, cashew nut are used as nuts.
Some fruits are used as vegetables. Some of them are brinjal, tomato, lady's finger, beans, bottle guard,
snake gourd, bitter guord etc.
f) Seeds: Seeds which are edible can be used as grains, pulses and oil seeds.
Grains include rice, wheat, jowar, maize, ragi etc.
Pulses include grams, peas, beans etc.
Oil seeds include groundnut, sesame, mustard, coconut, sunflower seed etc.
Poultry farm is the place used to rear birds for their eggs and meat.
Dairy farm is the place where buffaloes, goats, cows, sheep, pigs etc are kept in shed for rearing.
We rear animals for their milk and meat. Milk is also used to prepare dairy products.
Aquaculture includes rearing of fish, crabs, lobsters etc. Fish provide their meat for us. Fish can
be marine or freshwater fish.
a) Milk: Animals like cows, buffaloes, goat, camel provide us their milk. Milk is rich in
proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. It is called as complete food as it
has all the nutrients.
b) Eggs: Eggs are rich source of proteins. We get eggs from birds like hen, duck etc.
c) Meat: Flesh of animals is called as meat. We get this form hen, duck, sheep, goat, pig,
cow etc.
d) Sea food: Fish, prawns, crabs also provide us their meat as food.
e) Honey: This is the food product obtained from honey bees. They collect nectar from
different flowers, mix it with a secretion from their mouth and convert it into honey.
Bees store this honey in their bee hives.
f) Dairy products: The products which can be made from milk are called as dairy
products. Some common dairy products which we use in our daily life are paneer,
cheese, cream,butter, curd, ghee etc.