ECBC 2016 - Draft - V8 PDF

Ministry of Power
Government of India
Energy Conservation
Building Code
2016
Bureau of Energy Efficiency

Ministry of Power
This report is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for
International Development (USAID). The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of Nexant Inc.,
and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. This report was
prepared under Contract Number AID-386-C-12-00001.
Contents
List of Tables .................................................................................................................................... vii

List of Boxes ......................................................................................................................................ix
1. Purpose ...................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Energy Efficiency Performance Levels ....................................................................................... 2
2.2 Regulated Building Systems ..................................................................................................... 2
2.3 Codes Take Precedence ........................................................................................................... 2
2.4 Reference Standards ............................................................................................................... 3
3. Compliance and Administration .................................................................................................... 4
3.1 Compliance Requirements ....................................................................................................... 4
3.1.1 Mandatory Requirements ................................................................................................. 4
3.1.2 New Buildings .................................................................................................................. 4
3.1.3 Additions to Existing Buildings .......................................................................................... 4
3.1.4 Alterations to Existing Buildings ........................................................................................ 4
3.2 Compliance Approaches........................................................................................................... 7
3.2.1 Energy Performance Index ............................................................................................... 7
3.2.2 Approved Analytical Tools ................................................................................................ 7
3.3 Administrative Requirements ................................................................................................... 7
3.3.1 Enforcement Jurisdiction .................................................................................................. 7
3.4 Compliance Documents ........................................................................................................... 9
3.4.1 Compliance Documents .................................................................................................... 9
3.4.2 Supplemental Information ................................................................................................ 9
4. Building Envelope ...................................................................................................................... 10
4.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 10
4.2 Mandatory Requirements ....................................................................................................... 10
4.2.1 Fenestration .................................................................................................................. 10
4.2.2 Opaque Construction ..................................................................................................... 10
4.2.3 Daylighting .................................................................................................................... 12
4.2.4 Building Envelope Sealing............................................................................................... 12
4.3 Prescriptive Requirements ..................................................................................................... 15
4.3.1 Roofs ............................................................................................................................ 15
4.3.2 Opaque Walls ................................................................................................................ 15
4.3.3 Vertical Fenestration ...................................................................................................... 19
4.3.4 U-Value Exemption for Shaded Buildings ......................................................................... 21
4.3.5 Skylights ....................................................................................................................... 21
4.3.6 Building Envelope Trade-Off Method ............................................................................... 22
5. Comfort Systems and Controls ................................................................................................... 23
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 23
5.2.1 Ventilation ..................................................................................................................... 23
5.2.2 Minimum Space Conditioning Equipment Efficiencies ........................................................ 25
5.2.3 Minimum System Efficiency ............................................................................................ 27
5.2.4 Controls ........................................................................................................................ 27
5.2.5 Additional Controls for EE and Super EE Buildings ............................................................ 28
5.2.6 Additional Controls for Super EE Buildings ....................................................................... 29
5.2.7 Piping and Ductwork ...................................................................................................... 30
5.2.8 System Balancing .......................................................................................................... 31
5.2.9 Condensers ................................................................................................................... 32
5.2.10 Service Hot Water Heating ............................................................................................. 32
5.3.1 Fans ............................................................................................................................. 33
5.3.2 Pumps .......................................................................................................................... 34
5.3.3 Cooling Towers .............................................................................................................. 35
5.3.4 Economizers .................................................................................................................. 35
5.3.5 Variable Flow Hydronic Systems ..................................................................................... 36
5.3.6 Boilers .......................................................................................................................... 36
5.3.7 Low Energy Comfort Systems ......................................................................................... 36
5.3.8 Heat Recovery ............................................................................................................... 37
6. Lighting and Controls ................................................................................................................. 38
6.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 38
6.2.1 Lighting Control ............................................................................................................. 38
6.2.2 Exit Signs ...................................................................................................................... 40
6.2.3 Exterior Building Grounds Lighting .................................................................................. 40
6.3.1 Interior Lighting Power .................................................................................................. 40
6.3.2 Building Area Method ..................................................................................................... 40
6.3.3 Space Function Method .................................................................................................. 43
6.3.4 Installed Interior Lighting Power ..................................................................................... 48
6.3.5 Exterior Lighting Power .................................................................................................. 48
7. Electrical and Renewable Systems .............................................................................................. 50
7.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 50
7.2.1 Transformers ................................................................................................................. 50
7.2.2 Energy Efficient Motors .................................................................................................. 51
7.2.3 DG Sets ........................................................................................................................ 52
7.2.4 Power Factor Correction ................................................................................................. 52
7.2.5 Check-Metering and Monitoring ...................................................................................... 52
7.2.6 Power Distribution Systems ............................................................................................ 53
7.2.7 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) ................................................................................ 53
7.2.8 Renewable Energy Systems ............................................................................................ 53
8. Appendix A: Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................. 55
8.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 55
8.2 Definitions ............................................................................................................................ 55
8.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................................. 67
8.4 SI to IP Conversion Factors ................................................................................................... 69
9. Appendix B: Whole Building Performance Method ........................................................................ 70
9.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 70
9.1.1 Scope ........................................................................................................................... 70
9.1.2 Compliance ................................................................................................................... 70
9.1.3 Annual Energy Use ........................................................................................................ 70
9.1.4 Trade-offs Limited to Building Permit .............................................................................. 70
9.1.5 Documentation Requirements ......................................................................................... 70
9.2 Simulation General Requirements........................................................................................... 71
9.2.1 Energy Simulation Program ............................................................................................ 71
9.2.2 Climatic Data ................................................................................................................. 71
9.2.3 Compliance Calculations ................................................................................................. 71
9.3 Calculating the Energy Consumption of the Proposed Design and the Baseline Design............... 72
9.3.1 Energy Simulation Model ................................................................................................ 72
9.3.2 HVAC Systems ............................................................................................................... 72
10. Appendix C: Default Values for Typical Constructions .............................................................. 78
10.1 Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U-Factor and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient ..... 78
10.2 Default U-Factors and Solar Heat Gain Coefficients for Unrated Fenestration Products ........... 79
10.2.1 Unrated Vertical Fenestration. ........................................................................................ 79
10.2.2 Unrated Sloped Glazing and Skylights ............................................................................. 79
10.3 Typical Roof Constructions ................................................................................................. 79
10.4 Typical Wall Constructions ................................................................................................. 80
11. Appendix D: Building Envelope Tradeoff Method ..................................................................... 85
11.1 Envelope Performance Factor ............................................................................................. 85
11.2 Baseline Building Definition ................................................................................................ 87
12. Appendix E: Climate Zone Map of India .................................................................................. 88
13. Appendix F: Air-Side Economizer Acceptance Procedures Envelope Summary ........................... 90
13.1 Construction Inspection ..................................................................................................... 90
13.2 Equipment Testing ............................................................................................................ 90
14. Appendix G: Compliance Forms.............................................................................................. 91
14.1 Envelope Summary ............................................................................................................ 91
14.2 Building Permit Plans Checklist ........................................................................................... 92
14.3 Mechanical Summary ......................................................................................................... 93
14.4 Mechanical Checklist .......................................................................................................... 94
14.5 Lighting Summary ............................................................................................................. 95
14.6 Lighting Permit Checklist .................................................................................................... 96
15. Schedules ............................................................................................................................. 97
List of Tables
Table 3.1 Bureau of Energy Efficiency Approved Software for Demonstrating Compliance with ECBC ...... 7
Table 4.1 Daylight Requirement ........................................................................................................ 12
Table 4.2 Daylight Extent Factors (DEF) for Calculating Daylight Area Manually ................................... 12
Table 4.3 Roof Assembly U-factor (W/m2 - C) and Insulation R-value (m2-C/W) Requirements for ECBC
Buildings ......................................................................................................................................... 15
Table 4.4 Roof Assembly U-factor (W/m2 - C) and Insulation R-value (m2-C/W) Requirements for EE
Buildings ......................................................................................................................................... 15
Table 4.5 Roof Assembly U-factor (W/m2 - C) and Insulation R-value (m2-C/W) Requirements for Super
EE Buildings ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Table 4.6 Opaque Assembly U-factor (W/m2-C) and Insulation R-value (m2-C/W) Requirements for
ECBC Buildings ................................................................................................................................ 16
Table 4.7 Opaque Assembly U-factor (W/m2 - C) and Insulation R-value (m2-C/W) Requirements for EE
Buildings ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Table 4.8 Opaque Assembly U-factor (W/m2 - C) and Insulation R-value (m2-C/W) Requirements for
Super EE Buildings ........................................................................................................................... 16
Table 4.9 Vertical Fenestration U-value (W/m- C), SHGC and VLT Requirements .............................. 19
Table 4.10 Shading Equivalent Factors for 28 N Latitude ................................................................... 20
Table 4.11 Shading E Equivalent Factors for 13 N Latitude ................................................................ 21
Table 4.12 U-Value (W/m2 -C) Requirements for Shaded Buildings .................................................... 21
Table 4.13 Skylight U-factor and SHGC Requirements (U-factor in W/m2-C) ....................................... 21
Table 5.1 Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements for Chillers in ECBC Buildings ............................... 25
Table 5.2 Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements for Chillers in EE Buildings.................................... 25
Table 5.3 Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements for Chillers in Super EE Buildings .......................... 26
Table 5.4 Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Unitary Air Conditioners in ECBC Buildings .................. 26
Table 5.5 Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Unitary Air Conditioners in EE Buildings ...................... 26
Table 5.6 Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Unitary Air Conditioners in Super EE Buildings ............. 26
Table 5.7 Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Variable Refrigerant Flow Air conditioners* ................. 27
Table 5.8 Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Precision Air Conditioners ........................................... 27
Table 5.9 Minimum System Efficiency* for ECBC Buildings .................................................................. 27
Table 5.10 Insulation Requirements for Pipes in ECBC Buildings.......................................................... 30
Table 5.11 Insulation Requirements for Pipes in EE Buildings .............................................................. 31
Table 5.12 Insulation Requirements for Pipes in Super EE Buildings .................................................... 31
Table 5.13 Ductwork Insulation (R value in m2 C/W) Requirements ................................................ 31
Table 5.14 Mechanical and Motor Efficiency Requirements for Fans in ECBC Buildings .......................... 34
Table 5.15 Mechanical and Motor Efficiency Requirements for Fans in EE Buildings .............................. 34
Table 5.16 Mechanical and Motor Efficiency Requirements for Fans in Super EE Buildings .................... 34
Table 5.17 Pump Efficiency Requirements for ECBC Buildings ............................................................. 34
Table 5.18 Pump Efficiency Requirements for EE Buildings ................................................................. 35
Table 5.19 Pump Efficiency Requirements for Super EE Buildings ........................................................ 35
Table 5.20 Cooling Tower Efficiency Requirements for ECBC Buildings ................................................ 35
Table 5.21 Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Oil and Gas Fired Boilers .......................................... 36
Table 6.1 Interior Lighting Power for ECBC Buildings Building Area Method ...................................... 42
Table 6.2 Interior Lighting Power for EE Buildings Building Area Method........................................... 42
Table 6.3 Interior Lighting Power for Super EE Buildings Building Area Method ................................. 43
Table 6.4 Interior Lighting Power for ECBC Buildings Space Function Method.................................... 44
Table 6.5 Interior Lighting Power for EE Buildings Space Function Method ........................................ 45
Table 6.6 Interior Lighting Power for Super EE Buildings Space Function Method .............................. 46
Table 6.7 Exterior Building Lighting Power for ECBC Buildings ............................................................. 48
Table 6.8 Exterior Building Lighting Power for EE Buildings ................................................................. 49
Table 6.9 Exterior Building Lighting Power for Super EE Buildings ....................................................... 49
Table 7.1Dry Type Transformers (to be updated as per the latest standard) ........................................ 50
Table 7.2 Permissible Losses for Oil Type Transformers. Total losses for oil type transformers should
confirm with Indian Standard IS 1180. (to be updated as per the latest standard) ............................... 51
Table 7.3 Sub Metering Requirements ............................................................................................... 53
Table 7.4 Energy Efficiency Requirements for UPS ............................................................................. 53
Table 7.5 Minimum Solar Zone Area Requirements for EE Buildings .................................................... 54
Table 7.6 Minimum Solar Zone Area Requirements for Super EE Buildings ........................................... 54
Table 9.1 Modeling Requirements for Calculating Proposed and Baseline Design .................................. 74
Table 9.2 HVAC Systems Map ........................................................................................................... 77
Table 10.1 Defaults for Unrated Vertical Fenestration (Overall Assembly including the Sash and Frame) 79
Table 10.2 Defaults for Effective U-factor for Exterior Insulation Layers ............................................... 80
Table 10.3 Defaults for Effective U-factor for Exterior Insulation Layers ............................................... 80
Table 10.4 Typical Thermal Properties of Common Building and Insulating Materials ............................ 81
Table 11.1 Envelope Performance Factor Coefficients Composite Climate.......................................... 86
Table 11.2 Envelope Performance Factor Coefficients Hot Dry Climate.............................................. 86
Table 11.3 Envelope Performance Factor Coefficients Hot Humid Climate ......................................... 86
Table 11.4 Envelope Performance Factor Coefficients Moderate Climate ........................................... 87
Table 11.5 Envelope Performance Factor Coefficients Cold Climate .................................................. 87
Table 12.1Climate Zone for Major Indian Cities .................................................................................. 89
Table 15.1 Schedules for Baseline Design of School Buildings ............................................................. 97
Table 15.2 Schedules for Baseline Design of Assembly Buildings ......................................................... 98
Table 15.3 Schedules for Baseline Design of University Buildings (Non-Residential Only) ...................... 99
Table 15.4 Schedules for Baseline Design of Office Buildings ............................................................ 100
List of Boxes
Box 3.1 Code Compliance Process ....................................................................................................... 8

Box 4.1 Building Typologies for ECBC 2016 ........................................................................................ 11
Box 4.2 Daylight Extent Factor and Useful Daylight Illuminance .......................................................... 13
Box 4.3 Wall Assemblies for Buildings ................................................................................................ 17
Box 5.1 Set points for Comfort Conditions ......................................................................................... 24
Box 6.1 Calculating Interior Lighting Power Space Function Method ................................................. 47
Purpose
1. Purpose
The purpose of this code is to provide minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design and
construction of buildings.
Energy Conservation Building Code 2016 1

Scope
2. Scope
The code is applicable to commercial buildings or building complexes that have a connected load of 100
kW or greater or a contract demand of 120 kVA or greater. The code is recommended for all other
buildings.
This code would become mandatory as and when it is notified by the central and state government in the
official Gazette under clause (p) of Section 14 or clause (a) of Section 15 of the Energy Conservation Act
2001 (52 of 2001).
2.1 Energy Efficiency Performance Levels

Buildings will be able to demonstrate compliance with the code through the following three incremental
levels of energy efficiency listed below.
(a) ECBC buildings (compulsory level that fulfils the minimum energy efficiency requirements of the
code)
(b) Energy Efficient (EE) buildings (voluntary level wherein building (s) fulfils or exceeds the EE
performance levels stipulated in the code)
(c) Super Energy Efficient (Super EE) buildings (voluntary level wherein building (s) fulfils or exceeds
the Super EE performance levels stipulated in the code)
Buildings that do not meet the ECBC level shall be deemed as non-compliant with Energy Conservation
Building Code.
2.2 Regulated Building Systems

The provisions of this code apply to:
(a) Building envelopes, except for unconditioned storage spaces or warehouses,

(b) Mechanical systems and equipment, including heating, ventilating, and air conditioning, service
hot water heating,
(c) Interior and exterior lighting,
(d) Electrical power and motors, and renewable energy systems.
Exemptions to 2.2: The provisions of this Code do not apply to:
(a) Equipment and portions of building systems that use energy primarily for manufacturing
processes
(b) Plug loads
(c) Vertical transportation
(d) Process loads
(e) Diesel generators
2.3 Codes Take Precedence

The following codes, programs, and policies will take precedence over ECBC 2016 in case of conflict:
(a) Safety, health, or environmental codes,

(b) Bureau of Energy Efficiencys Star Rating Program for buildings and,
(c) Other policies programs like refrigerant phase out programs, future renewable energy programs,
BEEs norms and standards.
Scope
2.4 Reference Standards

National Building Code 2005 is the reference document/ standard for lighting levels, HVAC, comfort
levels, natural ventilation, pump and motor efficiencies, transformer efficiencies and any other building
materials and system performance criteria.

Compliance and Administration
3. Compliance and Administration
3.1 Compliance Requirements

3.1.1 Mandatory Requirements
Compliance with the requirements of this energy code shall be mandatory for all applicable buildings
discussed in 2.
3.1.2 New Buildings

3.1.2.1 Self-occupied
New buildings shall comply with either the provisions of 4 through 7 of this code or the Whole Building
Performance Method of Appendix B.
3.1.2.2 Core and Shell

New core and shell buildings shall demonstrate compliance with ECBC requirements for the following
base building systems:
(a) Building envelope

(b) Renewable energy systems
(c) Electrical systems (installed by developer/ owner)
(d) Comfort systems and controls (only those installed by developer/ owner)
(e) Lighting systems and controls (only those installed by developer/ owner)
Additionally, fit out manuals and lease agreements for the tenant shall have a legal undertaking that
interior fit outs made by tenants be ECBC compliant.
3.1.2.3 Mixed Use

Compliance requirements for individual systems in each building type in a new mixed use development
will be determined by the ECBC requirements for that building type.
Exceptions to 3.1.2.3: Buildings in a mixed use development which are otherwise not under the scope
of ECBC will be exempt from demonstrating compliance.
3.1.3 Additions to Existing Buildings

Where the connected load demand of the addition plus the existing building exceeds 100 kW or 120 kVA,
the additions shall comply with the provisions of 4 through 7. Compliance may be demonstrated in
either of the following ways:
(a) The addition alone shall comply with the applicable requirements, or
(b) The addition, together with the entire existing building, shall comply with the requirements of
this code that would apply to the entire building, as a new building.
Exceptions to 3.1.3: When space conditioning is provided by existing systems and equipment, the
existing systems and equipment need not comply with this code. However, any new equipment installed
must comply with specific requirements applicable to that equipment.
3.1.4 Alterations to Existing Buildings

Where the connected load demand of the existing building exceeds 100 kW or 120 kVA, portions of a
building and its systems that are being altered shall meet the provisions of 4 through 8. Specific
requirements for alterations are described in the following subsections.
Exception to 3.1.4: When the entire building complies with all of the provisions of 4 through 7 as if it
were a new building.
3.1.4.1 Building Envelope

Alterations to the building envelope shall comply with the requirements of 4 for fenestration, insulation,
and air leakage applicable to the portions of the buildings and its systems being altered.
Exception to 3.1.4.1: The following alterations need not comply with these requirements provided such
alterations do not increase the energy usage of the building:
(a) Replacement of glass in an existing sash and frame, provided the U-factor and SHGC of the
replacement glazing are equal to or lower than the existing glazing,
(b) Modifications to roof/ceiling, wall, or floor cavities, which are insulated to full depth with
insulation, and
(c) Modifications to walls and floors without cavities and where no new cavities are created.
3.1.4.2 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Alterations to building heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning equipment or systems shall comply with
the requirements of 5 applicable to the portions of the building and its systems being altered. Any new
equipment or control devices installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply with the specific
requirements applicable to that equipment or control device.
3.1.4.3 Service Water Heating

Alterations to building service water heating equipment or systems shall comply with the requirements of
0 applicable to the portions of the building and its systems being altered. Any new equipment or
control devices installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply with the specific requirements
applicable to that equipment or control device.
3.1.4.4 Lighting
Alterations to building lighting equipment or systems shall comply with the requirements of 6 applicable to
the portions of the building and its systems being altered. New lighting systems, including controls, installed
in an existing building and any change of building area type as listed in Table 6.1, Table 6.2 and

Table 6.3 shall be considered an alteration. Any new equipment or control devices installed in
conjunction with the alteration shall comply with the specific requirements applicable to that equipment
or control device.
Exception to 6: Alterations that replace less than 50% of the luminaires in a space need not comply
with these requirements provided such alterations do not increase the connected lighting load.
3.1.4.5 Electrical and Renewable Systems

Alterations to building electric power systems and motor shall comply with the requirements of 7
applicable to the portions of the building and its systems being altered. Any new equipment or control
devices installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply with the specific requirements applicable
to that equipment or control device.
3.2 Compliance Approaches

The building shall comply with the mandatory provisions ( 4.2, 5.2 , 6.2, and 7.2) and either of
the following:
(a) Prescriptive Method ( 4.3, 5.3, and 6.3)

(b) Whole Building Performance Method (Appendix B)
3.2.1 Energy Performance Index

Buildings, whether following the prescriptive or the whole building method approach, shall have to report
their predicted energy performance index (EPI) to demonstrate compliance. EPI shall be calculated
through approved tools.
3.2.1.1 Core and Shell Buildings

EPI shall be calculated only for base building areas in core and shell buildings
3.2.1.2 Mixed Use Development

EPI shall be calculated separately for different building uses in a mixed use development. EPIs so
calculated shall demonstrate compliance with ECBC requirements for similar building types only. If whole
building performance approach is followed, area weighted averages shall comply with ECBC EPI
requirements.
3.2.2 Approved Analytical Tools

A building following the whole building performance approach shall be deemed compliant only
compliance is proven through the software listed in Table 3.1. Daylight requirements of 4.2.3, if
calculated through software tools shall use software listed in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1 Bureau of Energy Efficiency Approved Software for Demonstrating Compliance with ECBC
Analysis Software
Whole Building Performance Analysis ECONirman Prescriptive, Equest, EnergyPlus
Daylighting Autodesk Ecotect Analysis, Daysim
3.3 Administrative Requirements

3.3.1 Enforcement Jurisdiction
Authorities having jurisdiction to enforce the Code shall be any of the following:
(a) Development authorities (DA)

(b) Sate designated agencies (SDA)
(c) Municipal corporations
(d) Urban local bodies
Administrative requirements relating to permit requirements, enforcement, interpretations, claims of

exemption, approved calculation methods, and rights of appeal are specified by the authority having
jurisdiction.

Box 3.1 Code Compliance Process
Box 3.1 Code Compliance Process
Typical compliance approach followed for mature codes is a multistep process that begins with the
design phase and ends with an occupancy certificate to the code compliant building. Code
enforcement agencies integrate necessary approvals during building design and construction
phases in the process to ensure stringent code compliance.
In a project team, the responsibility of designing buildings as per the code and then constructing
accordingly rests on the architect, engineer, contractor and of course, the owner. Project teams
committed to constructing energy efficient buildings and, also knowledgeable about code
compliance procedural and technical requirements are imperative.
Architects and engineers with experience in designing and constructing code compliant buildings
prepare the documents required by code enforcement agency, attest them as accurate and, submit
them for checks. Design phase compliance documents include drawings with specifications of
materials and technologies, compliance forms/ checklists, preliminary building performance
analysis reports and worksheets to verify any manual calculations. The owner also adds his
undertaking to that of the design team.
Once the design has been approved by enforcement agencies based on the submitted
documentation, implementation of promised code compliance measures is checked through
scheduled field inspections at the construction site. At this stage, the project contractor has to
take the responsibility of demonstrating compliance along with the owner and design team.
A building owner can apply for completion/ occupancy certificate only after the completed and
operational building is approved by enforcement body as code compliant.
Compliance forms to
Certified ECBC Owner of the building
be submitted to
compliance assessor also needs to submit
authority along with
to prepare the ECBC a duly signed
the submissions
compliance form undertaking
drawings
After construction, owner of the

building to re submit the Mandatory construction
Final occupancy
undertaking & compliance inspection by authorized
certificate
forms of as built ECBC authority
complied building
3.4 Compliance Documents

3.4.1 Compliance Documents
Plans and specifications shall show all pertinent data and features of the building, equipment, and
systems in sufficient detail to permit the authority having jurisdiction to verify that the building complies
with the requirements of this code. Details shall include, but are not limited to:
(a) Building Envelope: insulation materials and their R-values; fenestration U-factors, solar heat gain
coefficients (SHGC), visible light transmittance (if the trade-off procedure is used), and air
leakage; overhangs and sidefins, building envelope sealing details;
(b) Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning: system and equipment types, sizes, efficiencies, and
controls; economizers; variable speed drives; piping insulation; duct sealing, insulation and
location; requirement for balance report;
(c) Service Hot Water and Pumping: solar water heating system
(d) Lighting: lighting schedule showing type, number, and wattage of lamps and ballasts; automatic
lighting shutoff, occupancy sensors, and other lighting controls; lamp efficacy for exterior lamps;
(e) Electrical Power: electric schedule showing transformer losses, motor efficiencies, and power
factor correction devices; electric check metering and monitoring system.
(f) Renewable energy systems: system generation capacity, technical specifications, solar zone area
3.4.2 Supplemental Information

The authority having jurisdiction may require supplemental information necessary to verify compliance
with this code, such as calculations, worksheets, compliance forms, manufacturers literature, or other
data.

Building Envelope
4. Building Envelope
4.1 General
The building envelope shall comply with the mandatory provisions of 4.2 and the prescriptive criteria of
4.3.
4.2 Mandatory Requirements

4.2.1 Fenestration
4.2.1.1 U-Factors
U-factors shall be determined for the overall fenestration product (including the sash and frame) in
accordance with ISO-15099, as specified in Appendix C, by an accredited independent laboratory, and
labeled and certified by the manufacturer or other responsible party. U-factors for sloped glazing and
skylights shall be determined at a slope of 20 degrees above the horizontal. For unrated products, use
the default table in Appendix C.
4.2.1.2 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient

SHGC shall be determined for the overall fenestration product (including the sash and frame) in
accordance with ISO-15099, as specified in Appendix C, by an accredited independent laboratory, and
labeled and certified by the manufacturer or other responsible party.
Exceptions to 4.2.1.2:
(a) Shading coefficient (SC) of the center glass alone multiplied by 0.86 is an acceptable alternate
for compliance with the SHGC requirements for the overall fenestration area.
(b) Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of the glass alone is an acceptable alternate for compliance
with the SHGC requirements for the overall fenestration product.
4.2.2 Opaque Construction

U-factors shall be determined from the default tables in Appendix C or determined from data or
procedures contained in the ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2005.
Building Envelope
Box 4.1 Building Typologies for ECBC 2016
Box 4.1 Building Typologies for ECBC 2016
Energy efficiency requirements for ECBC 2016 are derived after analysing 16 different non-
residential building typologies (shown below) which in turn are based on building classifications
in National Building Code of India. Spatial layouts, material specifications, faade
characteristics and occupancy patterns have an impact on energy efficiency of a building and
differ for these typologies. Potential for reducing energy use with technology and materials thus
varies from building type to type. By analysing this potential, ECBC energy efficiency
requirements are now sensitive to building typologies and to the extent possible, unrealistic
requirements have been avoided.
Maximum impact of the climatic conditions of a location is felt on the building envelope. It is
after all the layer that is meant to provide protection against extreme conditions of the external
environment. ECBC analytical studies were conducted across the five climatic zones followed for
building design in India:
Hot and Dry
Composite
Warm and Humid
Temperate
Cold
Refer Appendix D for climate map of India and climate zones in which major Indian cities and
towns are located.
Commercial
Hospitality Educational Health care Shopping Business Assembly
Complex
Large hotel Large office

College/ Shopping
Hospital (> 30,000 Multiplex
(Star hotels) university malls
m2)
Medium
Small hotel Primary Out patient Stand alone office
Theatre
(No Star) School heath care retails (10,000 -
30,000 m2)
Small office
Secondary Open
Resort ( <10,000
school gallery mall
m2)
Super
market
Figure 1 Building Typologies Analyzed for ECBC 2016

Building Envelope
4.2.3 Daylighting
Buildings shall have daylight areas designed to meet or exceed the useful daylight illuminance (UDI) and
area requirements listed in Table 4.1. Compliance shall be demonstrated either through whole building
performance method or the manual method. Only BEE approved software shall be used to demonstrate
compliance through the whole building performance method.
Table 4.1 Daylight Requirement
Building Category % above grade area meeting the UDI requirement for
90% of the time in an year
ECBC EE Super EE
All buildings < 3 story building (above grade) 40% 55% 70%
except resorts >= 3 story building (above grade) 45% 60% 75%
and shopping
malls
Resort All type 45% 60% 75%
Shopping malls/ All type 10% 15% 20%
complex
Daylight extent factors (DEF) described in Table 4.2 shall be used for calculating compliance with
daylighting requirements manually. Day light extent shall be marked on the architectural plan to estimate
the final percentage area.
Table 4.2 Daylight Extent Factors (DEF) for Calculating Daylight Area Manually
Latitude Window Shading VLT < 0.3 VLT 0.3

type
North South/ East West North South/ East West
> 15 All window No shading 1.4 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.1 0.7
degrees types
< 15 1.5 1.3 0.6 1.6 1.5 .8
degrees
Non West West Non West West

All latitude Vision All shading 1.5 1.1 1.8 1.5
types window types with
Clerestory PF>0.4 1.8 1.6 2.1 1.8
DEF shall be multiplied with the head height of the vertical fenestration to compute the daylight penetration potential
4.2.4 Building Envelope Sealing

The following areas of the enclosed building envelope shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or weather-
stripped to minimize air leakage:
(a) Joints around fenestration and door frames,

(b) Openings between walls and foundations and between walls and roof and wall panels,
(c) Openings at penetrations of utility services through, roofs, walls, and floors
(d) Site-built fenestration and doors,
(e) Building assemblies used as ducts or plenums, and
(f) All other openings in the building envelope
Building Envelope
Box 4.2 Daylight Extent Factor and Useful Daylight Illuminance
Box 4.2 Daylight Extent Factor and Useful Daylight Illuminance
UDI is defined as the annual occurrence of daylight between 100 lux to 2,000 lux on a work plane.
This daylight is most useful to occupants, glare free and when available, eliminates the need for
artificial lighting.
Application of UDI and Daylight Extent Factor
A 7,200 m2 four story office building in Delhi is trying to achieve ECBC level compliance. Building is
oriented along east west axis. It has a rectangular layout (60 m x 30 m), Total built up area is
distributed evenly across all floors above grade. VLT of glazing in all orientations is less than 0.3.
Windows have no shading and head height is 2.4 m.
Table 4.1 lists the minimum daylight area requirements for ECBC buildings. Row 2 of the table
specifies that all ECBC buildings other than resorts and shopping malls and, more than 3 stories
above the ground shall have a minimum of 45% of its floor area exposed to daylight in range of 100
2,000 lux for at least 90% of the year.
This office building must then have at least 3, 240 m2 (45% of 7,200 m2) of floor area fulfilling the
UDI requirements. Across each floor plate, this should be then 3,240/ 4 = 810 m2.
Compliance with 4.2.3 Daylight Requirements can be checked for through two approaches. Each is
concurrent with the overall approach chosen for demonstrating code compliance ( 3.2)
a) Analysis through software
If the whole building performance approach is used, compliance for daylighting requirements
can be checked by analyzing the faade and floor plate design in an analytical software approved
by BEE ( 3.2.2). These are Ecotect and DaySim. Image below illustrates the output from
Ecotect. It specifies the lux levels and time period of an year during which these would be
available. With this information, designers can check if the required minimum area as per
4.2.3 has the required daylight levels.
b) Manual method of demonstrating compliance

This approach will be suitable for projects adopting the prescriptive compliance approach. From
Table 4.2, determine the daylight extent factor (DEF) for the building. For a building with
glazing of VLT < 0.3 and no shading, located in Delhi (latitude > 15 degrees), DEFs for windows
in north = 1.4, in south/ east = 1.0, west = 0.5. Head height is 2.4 m. Area that would comply
with UDI requirements is in table below.
Calculations show that only 1,632 m2 of area will meet the UDI requirements. This is just 22.6% of
7,200 m2 against the required proportion of 45%. Thus, the building does not comply with mandatory
requirement. Adding shading, increasing the VLT of glazing, and reducing floor plate width can be
considered to ensure compliance.

Building Envelope
Orientation DEF Window/ X Y Above grade area

Fenestration (daylight area (daylight area extension meeting the UDI
Width extension into floor into floor plate parallel to requirement for
plate perpendicular fenestration) 90% of the time
to fenestration) in an year
( X x Y)
North 1.4 45 m 1.4 x 2.4 = 3.36 50 m (50 x 3.36) m2
South 1.0 45 m 1.0 x 2.4= 2.4 m 50 m (50 x 2.4) m2
East 1.0 25 m 1.0 x 2.4 = 2.4 m 28 m (28 x 2.4) m2
West 0.5 0 m (service 0 0
zone)
Total daylight area per floor meeting UDI requirement during 90% of the year 408 m2
Total daylight area in building meeting UDI requirement during 90% of the year 408 x 2 = 1632m2
Daylight area should be indicated in floor plans submitted to code enforcement authorities as shown
in image below.
Building Envelope
4.3 Prescriptive Requirements

4.3.1 Roofs
Roofs shall comply with either the maximum assembly U-factors or the minimum insulation R-values in
Table 4.3 through Table 4.5. R-value is for the insulation alone and does not include building materials or
air films. The roof insulation shall not be located on a suspended ceiling with removable ceiling panels.
Table 4.3 Roof Assembly U-factor (W/m2 - C) and Insulation R-value (m 2-C/W) Requirements for ECBC
Buildings
Composite Hot and dry Warm & humid Temperate Cold

U R U R U R U R U R
Value value Value value Value value Value value Value value
Daytime Buildings
All Buildings 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.28
School buildings < 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.3
10,000 m2
24 Hours Buildings
All Buildings 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.28
Hospitality Buildings 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.30 0.19
Table 4.4 Roof Assembly U-factor (W/m2 - C) and Insulation R-value (m 2-C/W) Requirements for EE
Buildings

U R U R U R U R U R
Daytime EE 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.20
Buildings
24 Hours EE 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Buildings
U Values are maximum values allowed and R values are minimum values allowed
Table 4.5 Roof Assembly U-factor (W/m2 - C) and Insulation R-value (m 2-C/W) Requirements for Super EE
Buildings

U R U R U R U R U R
Daytime Super EE 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18
Buildings
24 Hours Super EE 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18
Buildings
4.3.1.1 Cool Roofs

Roofs with slopes less than 20 degrees shall have an initial solar reflectance of no less than 0.70 and an
initial emittance no less than 0.75. Solar reflectance shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E903-
96 and emittance shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E408-71 (RA 1996).
4.3.2 Opaque Walls

Opaque walls shall comply with either the maximum assembly U-factors or the minimum insulation R-
values in Table 4.6Error! Reference source not found. through Table 4.8. R-value is for the insulation
alone and does not include building materials or air films.

Building Envelope
Table 4.6 Opaque Assembly U-factor (W/m2-C) and Insulation R-value (m2-C/W) Requirements for ECBC
Buildings

U R U R U R U R U R
Daytime Buildings
All Buildings 0.4 2.15 0.4 2.15 0.4 2.15 0.55 0.34
Office and School < 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.4
10,000 m2
24 Hour Buildings
All Buildings 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.34
Table 4.7 Opaque Assembly U-factor (W/m2 - C) and Insulation R-value (m2-C/W) Requirements for EE
Buildings
Composite Hot and dry Warm & Humid Temperate Cold

U R U R U R U R U R
Daytime EE Buildings 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.4 0.22
24 Hours EE Buildings 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.22
Table 4.8 Opaque Assembly U-factor (W/m2 - C) and Insulation R-value (m2-C/W) Requirements for Super
EE Buildings
Composite Hot and dry Warm & Humid Temperate Cold

U R U R U R U R U R
Daytime Super EE 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.22
Buildings
24 Hours Super EE 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Buildings
Building Envelope
Box 4.3 Wall Assemblies for Buildings
Box 4.3 Wall Assemblies for Buildings
ECBC specifies the maximum U values for wall assemblies. Assemblies that meet or exceed these U
Value requirements are mentioned below for reference. All the wall assemblies mentioned in the box
are used across energy efficient buildings India.
Wall Assembly Combinations for U Value of 0.4 W/m2 -C
Assembly Composition Insulation Assembly Thickness (mm)
Fly Ash Brick Wall (200 mm) with Expanded polystyrene (thermocol) 275
external insulation (EPS) 75 mm
internal insulation (EPS) 75 mm
Fly Ash Brick Wall (200 mm, 100 Extruded polystyrene (XPS) 50 mm 350
mm) with external heavy mass
Fly Ash Brick Wall (200 mm, 100 mm) Extruded polystyrene (XPS) 50 mm 350
with internal heavy mass
Hollow Concrete Block Wall (200 mm) Glass fiber and mineral fiber 50 mm 250
with external insulation
Hollow Concrete Block Wall (200 mm) Glass fiber and mineral fiber 50 mm 250
with internal insulation
Gypsum Board Bonded Mineral wool (Rock/ glass 100
wool) 75 mm

external insulation (EPS) 50 mm
internal insulation (EPS) 50 mm

Fly Ash Brick Wall (200 mm) with Polyurethane 25 mm 225
external insulation
Fly Ash Brick Wall (200 mm) with Polyurethane 25 mm 225
internal insulation
with external heavy mass
with internal heavy mass
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block NA 200
Wall
Gypsum Board Expanded polystyrene (thermocol) 75
(EPS) 50 mm

Building Envelope

Brick wall (230 mm, 115mm) with Glass fiber and mineral fiber 75 mm 420
external heavy mass
Brick wall (230 mm, 115mm) with Glass fiber and mineral fiber 75 mm 420
internal heavy mass
Brick wall (230 mm, 230 mm) Polyurethane 50 mm 510
Cement Stabilized Brick (250 mm, Bonded Mineral wool (Rock/ glass wool) 450
125 mm) & external heavy mass 75 mm
Cement Stabilized Brick (250 mm, Bonded Mineral wool (Rock/ glass wool) 450
125 mm) & internal heavy mass 75 mm
Fly Ash Brick Wall (200 mm, 100 Bonded Mineral wool (Rock/ glass wool) 375
mm) with external heavy mass 75 mm
Fly Ash Brick Wall (200 mm, 100 Glass fiber and mineral fiber 75 mm 375
mm) with external heavy mass
Fly Ash Brick Wall (200 mm, 100 Bonded Mineral wool (Rock/ glass wool) 375
mm) with internal heavy mass 75 mm
Fly Ash Brick Wall (200 mm, 100 Glass fiber and mineral fiber 75 mm 375
mm) with internal heavy mass
Hollow Concrete Block Wall (200 Expanded polystyrene (thermocol) 275
mm) with external insulation (EPS) 75 mm
Hollow Concrete Block Wall (200 Expanded polystyrene (thermocol) 275
mm) with internal insulation (EPS) 75 mm
ACC Block Wall (200 mm, 100 Expanded polystyrene (thermocol) 325
mm) with external heavy mass (EPS) 25 mm
ACC Block Wall (200 mm, 100 mm) Expanded polystyrene (thermocol) 325
with internal heavy mass (EPS) 25 mm
Gypsum Board Extruded polystyrene (XPS) 75 mm 100
Gypsum Board Expanded polystyrene (thermocol) 125
(EPS) 100 mm

Hollow Concrete Block Wall (200 mm) Extruded polystyrene (XPS) 100 mm 300
with external insulation
Hollow Concrete Block Wall (200 mm) Extruded polystyrene (XPS) 100 mm 300
with internal insulation
ACC Block Wall (200 mm, 100 mm) with Bonded Mineral wool (Rock/ glass 375
external heavy mass wool) 75 mm
ACC Block Wall (200 mm, 100 mm) with Glass fiber and mineral fiber 75 mm 375
external heavy mass
ACC Block Wall (200 mm, 100 mm) with Bonded Mineral wool (Rock/ glass 375
internal heavy mass wool) 75 mm
ACC Block Wall (200 mm, 100 mm) with Glass fiber and mineral fiber 75 mm 375
internal heavy mass
ACC Block Wall (200 mm, 200 mm) Bonded Mineral wool (Rock/ glass 450
wool) 50 mm
ACC Block Wall (200 mm, 200 mm) Glass fiber and mineral fiber 50 mm 450
Gypsum Board Polyurethane 100 mm 125
Building Envelope
4.3.3 Vertical Fenestration

Vertical fenestration shall comply with the maximum area weighted U-factor and maximum area
weighted SHGC requirements of Table 4.9. Vertical fenestration area is limited to a maximum of 40% of
the gross wall area for the prescriptive requirement.
Vertical fenestration product shall have the minimum Visual Light Transmittance (VLT), defined as
function of Window Wall Ratio (WWR), where Effective Aperture > 0.1, equal to or greater than the
minimum VLT requirements of Table 4.9.
EE and Super EE buildings shall achieve a minimum selectivity ratio of 1.5 and 1.75 respectively in
addition to meeting or exceeding all the requirements listed in Table 4.9.
Table 4.9 Vertical Fenestration U-value (W/m- C), SHGC and VLT Requirements

WWR 40% 40% 40% 40% 40%
Maximum U- 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.8
factor
Maximum .27 .27 .27 .27 .62
SHGC Non-
North
Maximum .5 .5 .5 .5 .62
SHGC North
Minimum VLT .27 .27 .27 .27 .27
SHGCnorth is applicable for latitude 15; for latitude < 15, SHGCnorth to be same as SHGCnon north
See Appendix C for default values of unrated fenestration.
Exception to 4.3.3:
(a) Overhangs and/or side fins may be applied in determining the SHGC for the proposed design. An
adjusted SHGC, accounting for overhangs and/or side fins, is calculated by multiplying the SHGC of
the unshaded fenestration product with a multiplication (M) factor. M factors shall be determined for
each orientation and shading device type as per Equation 4.1.
Equation 4.1: = (3 3) + (2 2) + (1 ) + 0
Where
PF is the projection factor for overhangs and side-fins, to be calculated as per Appendix A.
C3, C2, C1 and C0 are shading equivalent factors (SEFs), listed in Table 4.10 and

Building Envelope
Table 4.11.
Table 4.10 Shading Equivalent Factors for 28 N Latitude
Overhang + Fin Overhang Fin

Coefficients C3 C2 C1 C0 C3 C2 C1 C0 C3 C2 C1 C0
North -0.03 -0.23 1.09 0.99 -0.02 -0.10 0.43 0.99 0.14 -0.39 0.62 0.99
East 4.49 -6.35 4.70 0.52 -0.05 0.42 0.66 1.02 0.12 -0.35 0.57 0.99
South -4.09 8.14 -0.73 1.32 -1.01 1.91 0.24 1.12 0.53 -1.35 1.48 0.88
West -1.21 3.92 -0.56 1.28 1.52 -2.51 2.30 0.76 0.02 -0.15 0.46 1.01
North-East -0.95 1.50 0.84 1.18 2.19 -3.78 2.62 0.72 -1.64 3.07 -1.05 1.30
South-East 2.67 -4.99 5.68 0.32 -0.93 1.37 0.76 0.99 0.68 -1.47 1.35 0.88
South-West -0.50 1.36 2.45 0.73 -3.23 5.61 -1.56 1.32 1.86 -3.81 2.71 0.69
North-West -6.85 11.7 -3.92 1.89 -0.22 0.19 0.74 1.01 -2.02 2.63 -0.18 1.14
Building Envelope
Table 4.11 Shading E Equivalent Factors for 13 N Latitude
Overhang + Fin Overhang Fin

Coefficients C3 C2 C1 C0 C3 C2 C1 C0 C3 C2 C1 C0
North -0.09 -0.29 1.41 1.05 -0.05 -0.10 0.54 1.02 0.10 -0.40 0.77 1.01
East -0.55 0.89 1.28 0.97 -0.62 0.88 0.51 1.02 0.15 -0.41 0.56 0.98
South -4.09 6.98 -1.92 1.41 -2.49 4.89 -2.45 1.43 1.57 -3.35 2.62 0.59
West -1.99 3.82 -0.19 1.18 -0.16 0.10 0.89 0.97 0.06 -0.22 0.48 0.99
North-East -1.73 3.45 -0.02 1.23 0.10 -0.55 1.15 0.92 -0.26 0.30 0.48 1.02
South-East -2.06 4.32 -0.96 1.41 -0.60 0.90 0.37 0.94 0.83 -1.42 1.22 0.92
South-West -2.06 4.48 -1.13 1.40 -0.39 0.50 0.60 0.87 1.56 -3.17 2.41 0.73
North-West -0.53 0.72 1.79 0.93 0.10 -0.38 0.96 0.96 0.24 -0.57 0.90 0.97
(b) Vertical fenestration located more than 2.2 m above the level of the floor are exempt from the SHGC
requirement in Table 4.9, if the following conditions are complied with:
i. Total Effective Aperture: The total Effective Aperture for the elevation is less than 0.25, including
all fenestration areas greater than 1.0 m above the floor level; and,
ii. An interior light shelf is provided at the bottom of this fenestration area, with an interior projection
factor not less than:
1. 1.0 for E-W, SE, SW, NE, and NW orientations
2. 0.5 for S orientation, and
0.35 for N orientation when latitude is < 23 degrees.
4.3.4 U-Value Exemption for Shaded Buildings

Opaque areas of non-north faades in shaded buildings can have maximum U-value of 5 W/m2- C
provided they fulfil conditions indicated in Table 4.12.
Table 4.12 U-Value (W/m2 -C) Requirements for Shaded Buildings
Building Type Climate zone Orientation SHGC Shading

Projection Factor
Day time buildings and All except cold Non North 0.27 >=0.4
naturally ventilated buildings climate
4.3.5 Skylights
Skylights shall comply with the maximum U-factor and maximum SHGC requirements of Table 4.13.
Skylight area is limited to a minimum of 5% of the gross roof area for the prescriptive requirement.
Table 4.13 Skylight U-factor and SHGC Requirements (U-factor in W/m 2 -C)
Maximum U-factor Maximum SHGC

Climate
With Curb w/o Curb 0-2% SRR 2.1-5% SRR
Composite 11.24 7.71 0.40 0.25
Hot and Dry 11.24 7.71 0.40 0.25
Warm and Humid 11.24 7.71 0.40 0.25
Moderate 11.24 7.71 0.61 0.4
Cold 11.24 7.71 0.61 0.4
SRR = Skylight roof ratio which is the ratio of the total skylight area of the roof, measured to the outside of the frame,
to the gross exterior roof.
See Appendix C 10.2.2 for typical complying skylight constructions.

Building Envelope
4.3.6 Building Envelope Trade-Off Method

The building envelope complies with the code if the building envelope performance factor (EPF) of the
proposed design is less than the standard design, where the standard design exactly complies with the
criteria in 4.3. Equation 11.1 in Appendix D should be referred for calculating envelope trade-off.
Comfort Systems and Controls
5. Comfort Systems and Controls
5.1 General
All heating, ventilation, air conditioning equipment and systems and, their controls shall comply with the
mandatory provisions of 5.2 and the prescriptive criteria of 5.3.
All service water heating equipment and systems shall comply with the mandatory provisions of 5.2.

5.2.1 Ventilation
(a) All habitable spaces shall be ventilated with outdoor air in accordance with the requirements of
5.2.1 and guidelines specified in National Building Code 2005, Part 8, Section 1 and Section 3.
(b) Ventilated spaces shall be provided with outdoor air using either of the following:
1. Natural ventilation
2. Mechanical ventilation
3. Mixed mode ventilation
5.2.1.1 Natural Ventilation Air Quantity Design Requirements

Naturally ventilated spaces shall:
(a) Comply with guidelines provided for natural ventilation in Section 1 of Part 8, National Building
Code of India 2005
(b) Have permanent roof or wall openings, windows, doors, louvres to the outdoors etc., the
openable area of which shall not be less than 5% of the floor area of the naturally ventilated
space. Openable area shall be calculated on basis of free unobstructed area through the opening
(c) Be within 14 feet of roof or wall openings to outdoors
(d) Have minimum 3 star rated ceiling fans if provided with ceiling fans
Exceptions to 5.2.1.1: Naturally ventilated spaces in hotel/ motel guest rooms shall be open to and
within 8 meters of operable wall or roof openings to outdoors.
5.2.1.2 Mechanical Ventilation Air Quantity Design Requirements

Spaces not ventilated naturally shall be ventilated with mechanical ventilation systems. Mechanical
systems shall
(a) provide outdoor air rate no less than the conditioned floor area of the space times the applicable
ventilation rate from National Building Code of India 2005
(b) comply with guidelines provided for mechanical ventilation in Section 1 and Section 3 of Part 8,
National Building Code of India 2005
Exceptions to 5.2.1.2: Air could be transferred from other ventilated spaces if
(a) The space from which air is transferred does not have any sources of indoor air contamination.
(b) The outdoor air that is supplied to all spaces combined is sufficient to meet the requirements of
NBC for each space individually.

Box 5.1 Set points for Comfort Conditions
Box 5.1 Adaptive Thermal Comfort
Human body has the ability to adapt to environmental conditions and become accustomed to them
over time. People accustomed to the variability of environmental parameters in non-air-conditioned
buildings can live and work through a larger temperature range without experiencing thermal
discomfort. This logic informs the adaptive thermal comfort model for buildings. Adaptive comfort
models offer an opportunity to reduce energy use as buildings can be operated at more moderate
temperatures. Energy used to maintain stringent comfort conditions through mechanical equipment
can thus be avoided. CEPT, India, has developed an adaptive comfort model for India. Operative
temperatures for the model can be calculated using the formulae below.
Naturally Ventilated Buildings
Indoor Operative Temperature = (0.54 x outdoor temperature) + 12.83
Where, indoor operative temperature (C) is neutral temperature, & outdoor temperature is
the 30-day outdoor running mean air temperature (C).
The 90 percent acceptability range for the India specific adaptive models for naturally
ventilated buildings is 2.38C.
For example, Indoor Operative Temperature for a naturally ventilated building in Delhi
= (0.54 x 33.0) + 12.83 = 30.68 oC
Mixed Mode Buildings

Where indoor operative temperature (C) is neutral temperature & outdoor temperature is
The 90 percent acceptability range for the India specific adaptive models for mixed-mode
buildings is 3.46C.
For example, Indoor Operative Temperature for a mixed mode building in Delhi
= (0.28 x 33.0) + 17.87 = 27.1 oC
Air conditioned Buildings

Where indoor operative temperature (C) is neutral temperature & outdoor temperature is
The 90 percent acceptability range for the adaptive models for conditioned buildings is
1.5C.
For example, Indoor Operative Temperature for an air conditioned building in Delhi
= (0.078 x 33.0)+ 23.25 = 25.8 oC
Reference: Manu, S., Shukla, Y., Rawal, R., de Dear, R., & Thomas, L. E. (2014). Developing an India
Model for Adaptive (Thermal) Comfort: IMAC 2014. Ahmedabad, India: Centre for Advanced
Research in Building Science and Energy (CARBSE), CEPT University. Submitted to the Ministry of
New and Renewable Energy, Govt. of India and Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation.
5.2.1.3 Operational Controls for Minimum Outdoor Air

Mechanical ventilation systems shall provide the minimum required quantities of outdoor air as per
5.2.1.2 at all times of occupancy.
Exception to 5.2.1.3:
(a) Spaces provided with demand control ventilation are exempt.

(b) Temporary reduction in air supply is allowed if the average rate for each hour is greater than or
equal to required ventilate rate.
5.2.1.4 Demand Control Ventilation

Mechanical ventilation systems shall have demand control ventilation if they provide outdoor or fresh air
to a space with occupant density exceeding 40 people per 100 m.
Exceptions to 5.2.1.4: Following shall be exempt from installing demand control ventilation system:
(a) Classrooms, call centers, continuously occupied office spaces, healthcare facilities and medical
buildings, and public areas of social services buildings
(b) Spaces that have processes or operations that generate dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases
and are not provided with local exhaust ventilation, such as indoor operation of internal
combustion engines or areas designated for unvented food service preparation, or beauty salons
(c) Spaces with an area of less than 15 m2, or a design occupancy of less than 10 people per NBC
standard recommendations.
5.2.2 Minimum Space Conditioning Equipment Efficiencies

5.2.2.1 Chillers
Chillers shall meet or exceed the minimum efficiency requirements presented in Error! Reference
ource not found. through Table 5.3.
Table 5.1 Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements for Chillers in ECBC Buildings
Equipment Class Constant VSD

Air Cooled Chiller <530 kW 3.0 2.7
530 kW 3.0 2.7
Water cooled chiller <530 kW 5.5 5.0
530 & <1050 kW 5.8 5.2
1050kW 6.1 (5.8) 5.5
2110 kW 6.3 5.7
Table 5.2 Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements for Chillers in EE Buildings
Equipment Class COP

Air Cooled Chiller <530 kW 3.3
530 kW 3.3
Water cooled chiller <530 kW 5.8
530 & <1050 kW 6.1
1050kW 6.3
2110 kW 6.5

Table 5.3 Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements for Chillers in Super EE Buildings
Equipment Class COP

Air Cooled Chiller <530 kW NA
530 kW NA
Water cooled chiller <530 kW 6.1
530 & <1050 kW 6.3
1050kW 6.5
2110 kW 6.7
5.2.2.2 Unitary Air-conditioners

Unitary air-conditioners shall meet or exceed the efficiency requirements presented in Table 5.4 through
Table 5.6. Window and split air conditioners shall be certified under BEEs Star Labeling Program.
Table 5.4 Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Unitary Air Conditioners in ECBC Buildings
Cooling Capacity Efficiency

kWr Water Cooled Air Cooled
10.5 NA BEE 3 Star
> 10.5 and < 17.5 3.55 3.28
> 17.5 and < 26.25 3.55 3.28
> 26.25 and < 35 3.55 3.28
> 35 and < 52.5 3.55 3.28
> 52.5 3.55 3.28
Table 5.5 Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Unitary Air Conditioners in EE Buildings

10.5 NA BEE 4 Star
> 10.5 and < 17.5 3.72 3.45
> 17.5 and < 26.25 3.72 3.45
> 26.25 and < 35 3.72 3.45
> 35 and < 52.5 3.72 3.45
> 52.5 3.72 3.45
Table 5.6 Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Unitary Air Conditioners in Super EE Buildings

10.5 NA BEE 5 Star
> 10.5 and < 17.5 3.88 3.62
> 17.5 and < 26.25 3.88 3.62
> 26.25 and < 35 3.88 3.62
> 35 and < 52.5 3.88 3.62
> 52.5 3.88 3.62
5.2.2.3 Variable Refrigerant Flow

Variable Refrigerant Flow systems shall meet or exceed the efficiency requirements specified in Table
5.7.
Table 5.7 Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Variable Refrigerant Flow Air conditioners*
Equipment type Size category Minimum Efficiency

VRF Air Conditioners, Air cooled <19 kW 3.28 COP
>=19 kW and < 40 kW 3.29 COP
>= 40 kW and < 70 kW 3.26 COP
>= 70 kW 3.02 COP
5.2.2.4 Precision Air Conditioners

Precision air conditioners in buildings with built up area greater than 20,000 m 2 shall meet or exceed the
energy efficiency requirements listed in Table 5.8.
Table 5.8 Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Precision Air Conditioners
Equipment type Net Sensible Cooling Minimum SCOP-127b

Capacitya 5.2.3 M
Downflow Upflow inimu
Air Conditioners, Air cooled <19 kW 2.20 2.09 m
System
>=19 kW and < 70 kW 2.10 1.99 Efficien
>=70 kW 1.90 1.79 cy
Building
Air Conditioners, Water cooled <19 kW 2.60 2.49
cooling
>=19 kW and < 70 kW 2.50 2.39 systems
shall
>=70 kW 2.40 2.29
meet or
a. Net Sensible cooling capacity = Total gross cooling capacity - latent cooling capacity Fan power exceed
b. Sensible coefficient of performance (SCOP-127): A ratio calculated by dividing the net sensible minimu
cooling capacity in watts by the total power input in watts (excluding reheater and dehumidifier) at m
conditioned defined in ASHRAE standard 127)
efficienc
y
require
ments as specified in Table 5.9.
Table 5.9 Minimum System Efficiency* for ECBC Buildings
System type Peak building cooling load (kW)
<3516 kW 3516 kW
Central chilled water plant (Water cooled)1 0.21(kW/ kWr) 0. 20 (kW/ kWr)
*Minimum system efficiency (total installed equipment per cooling capacity)
5.2.4 Controls
ECBC, EE and Super EE buildings shall comply with requirements of 5.2.4.1 through 5.2.4.5.
5.2.4.1 Timeclock
1
Central chilled water plant includes chillers, chilled water, chilled and condenser water pumps, and
cooling towers.

Mechanical cooling and heating systems in universities and, all offices and malls with built up area
greater than 15,000 m2 shall be controlled by timeclocks that:
(a) Can start and stop the system under different schedules for three different day-types per week,
(b) Are capable of retaining programming and time setting during loss of power for a period of at
least 10 hours, and
(c) Include an accessible manual override that allows temporary operation of the system for up to 2
hours.
(a) Cooling systems < 17.5 kW

(b) Heating systems < 5 kW
5.2.4.2 Temperature Controls

Mechanical heating and cooling equipment in office buildings and mass with built up area greater than
20,000 m2 shall be installed with controls to manage the temperature inside the conditioned zones.
These controls should meet the following requirements:
(a) where a unit provides both heating and cooling, controls shall be capable of providing a
temperature dead band of 3C within which the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone
is shut off or reduced to a minimum
(b) where separate heating and cooling equipment serve the same temperature zone, thermostats
shall be interlocked to prevent simultaneous heating and cooling
(c) in warm and humid climates, thermostat controls shall also be programmed to maintain humidity
at 60%
(d) thermostat controls shall be installed in all guest rooms of hotels and motels and, all rooms less
than 25 m
5.2.4.3 Occupancy Controls

Occupancy controls shall be installed to de-energize the system when there are no occupants in the
following:
(a) Hotel guest rooms

(b) Toilets in hotel and offices with more than 2 water closets and/ or 3 urinals
(c) Conference and meeting rooms in offices
(d) Any room in a school and university of size more than 80 m
5.2.4.4 Fan Controls

Cooling towers and closed circuit fluid coolers in buildings with built up area greater than 20,000 m2 shall
have:
(a) Either two speed motors, pony motors, or variable speed drives controlling the fans.
(b) Controls capable to reduce the fan speed to at least two third of installed fan power
5.2.4.5 Dampers
All air supply and exhaust equipment shall have dampers that automatically close upon
(a) Fan shutdown, or,

(b) When spaces served are not in use
5.2.5 Additional Controls for EE and Super EE Buildings

EE and Super EE buildings shall comply with requirements of 5.2.5.1 through 5.2.5.3 in addition to
complying with requirements of 5.2.4.
5.2.5.1 Centralized Demand Shed Controls

EE and Super EE buildings with built up area greater than 20,000 m2 shall have a building management
system. All mechanical cooling and heating systems in EE and Super EE buildings with direct digital
control (DDC) to the zone level shall have the following control capabilities to manage centralized
demand shed in noncritical zones:
(a) Automatic demand shed controls that can implement a centralized demand shed in non-critical zones
during the demand response period on a demand response signal.
(b) Controls that can remotely decrease or increase the operating temperature set points by four
degrees or more in all noncritical zones on signal from a centralized control point
(c) Controls that can provide an adjustable rate of change for the temperature setup and reset
The centralized demand shed controls shall have additional capabilities to

i. Be disabled by facility operators
ii. Be manually controlled from a central point by facility operators to manage heating and cooling
set points
5.2.5.2 Supply Air Temperature Reset

Multi zone mechanical cooling and heating systems in EE and Super EE buildings shall have controls that
automatically reset the supply-air temperature in response to building loads or to outdoor air
temperature. Controls shall reset the supply air temperature to at least 25% of the difference between
the design supply air temperature and the design room air temperature.
Exception to 5.2.5.2 : EE and Super EE buildings in warm humid climate zone.
5.2.5.3 Chilled Water Temperature Reset

Chilled water systems with a design capacity exceeding 87.5 kW supplying chilled water to comfort
conditioning systems in EE and Super EE buildings shall have controls that automatically reset supply
water temperatures by representative building loads (including return water temperature) or by outdoor
air temperature.
Exceptions to 5.2.5.3: Controls to automatically reset chilled water temperature shall not be required:
(a) Where the supply temperature reset controls causes improper operation of equipment.
(b) In hydronic systems that uses variable flow to reduce pumping energy.
5.2.6 Additional Controls for Super EE Buildings

Super EE buildings shall comply with requirements of 5.2.6.1 and 5.2.6.2 in addition to complying
with requirements of 5.2.4 and 5.2.5.
5.2.6.1 Variable Air Volume Fan Control

Fans in VAV systems in Super EE buildings shall have controls or devices that will result in fan motor
demand of no more than 30 % of their design wattage at 50 % of design airflow when static pressure
set point equals one-third of the total design static pressure, based on manufacturers certified fan data.
5.2.6.2 Air Side Economizer Control

Air side economizers in Super EE buildings shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) Dampers in air side economizers shall be sequenced with the mechanical cooling equipment and
shall not be controlled by only mixed air temperature.
(b) Air side economizers shall be capable of automatically reducing outdoor air intake to the design
minimum outdoor air quantity when outdoor air intake will no longer reduce cooling energy
usage.
(c) High-limit shutoff shall be specified.

5.2.7 Piping and Ductwork

5.2.7.1 Piping Insulation
Piping for heating, space conditioning and service hot water systems shall meet the insulation
requirements listed in Table 5.10 through Table 5.12. Insulation exposed to weather shall be protected
by aluminum sheet metal, painted canvas, or plastic cover. Cellular foam insulation shall be protected as
above, or be painted with water retardant paint.
(a) Reduction in insulation R value by 0.2 (compared to values in Table 5.10, Table 5.11 and Table
5.12) to a minimum insulation level of R-0.4 shall be permitted for any pipe located in partition
within a conditioned space or buried
(b) Insulation R value shall be increased by 0.2 over and above the requirement stated in Table 5.10
through Table 5.12 for any pipe located in a partition outside a building with direct exposure to
weather
(c) Reduction in insulation R value by 0.2 (compared to values in Table 5.10, Table 5.11 and Table
5.12) to a minimum insulation level of R-0.4 shall be permitted for buildings in temperate climate
zone
Table 5.10 Insulation Requirements for Pipes in ECBC Buildings
Operating Temperature (C) Pipe size (mm)

<25 >=40
Insulation R value (m2-C/W)
Heating System
94C to 121C 0.9 1.2
60C to 94C 0.7 0.7
40C to 60C 0.4 0.7
Cooling System
4.5C to 15C 0.4 0.7
< 4.5C 0.9 1.2
Refrigerant Piping (Split systems)
4.5C to 15C 0.4 0.7
< 4.5C 0.9 1.2
Table 5.11 Insulation Requirements for Pipes in EE Buildings
Pipe size (mm)

Operating < 40 >=40
Temperature (C)
2
Insulation R value (m -C/W)
Heating System
94C to 121C 1.1 1.3
60C to 94C 0.8 0.8
40C to 60C 0.5 0.9
Cooling System
4.5C to 15C 0.5 0.9
< 4.5C 1.1 1.3
Refrigerant Piping (Split Systems)
4.5C to 15C 0.5 0.9
< 4.5C 1.1 1.3
Table 5.12 Insulation Requirements for Pipes in Super EE Buildings
Pipe size (mm)
Operating Temperature (C) < 40 >=40

Insulation R value (m2-C/W)
Heating System
94C to 121C 1.5 1.5
60C to 94C 1.0 1.3
40C to 60C 0.7 1.1
Cooling System
4.5C to 15C 0.7 1.2
< 4.5C 1.5 1.5
Refrigerant Piping (Split Systems)
4.5C to 15C 0.4 0.7
< 4.5C 1.5 1.5
5.2.7.2 Ductwork Insulation

Ductwork shall be insulated in accordance with Table 5.13.
Table 5.13 Ductwork Insulation (R value in m2 C/W) Requirements
Duct Location Supply ducts Return ducts
Exterior R -1.4 R -0.6
Unconditioned Space R -0.6 None
Buried R -0.6 None
5.2.8 System Balancing

5.2.8.1 General
All HVAC systems shall be balanced in accordance with generally accepted engineering standards.
Construction documents shall include a balance report provided to the owner or the designated
representative of the building owner for HVAC systems serving zones with a total conditioned area
exceeding 500 m2.
5.2.8.1.1 Air System Balancing

Air systems shall be balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses. Then, for fans with fan
system power greater than 0.75 kW, fan speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow conditions.
5.2.8.1.2 Hydronic System Balancing

Hydronic systems shall be proportionately balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses; then
the pump impeller shall be trimmed or pump speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow conditions.
Exceptions to 5.2.8.1.2:
(a) Impellers need not be trimmed nor pump speed adjusted for pumps with pump motors of 7.5 kW
or less,
(b) Impellers need not be trimmed when throttling results in no greater than 5% of the nameplate
horsepower draw, or 2.2 kW, whichever is greater.
5.2.9 Condensers
5.2.9.1 Condenser Locations
Care shall be exercised in locating the condensers in such a manner that heat sink is free of interference
from heat discharge by devices located in adjoining spaces and also does not interfere with such other
systems installed nearby.
5.2.9.2 Treated Water for Condensers

All high-rise buildings using centralized cooling water system shall use soft water for the condenser and
chilled water system.
5.2.10 Service Hot Water Heating

5.2.10.1 Solar Water Heating
Hotels and hospitals with a centralized system shall have solar water heating equipment installed to
provide for:
(a) at least 20% of the design capacity in other buildings if building area < 20,000 m
(b) at least 40% of the design capacity in other buildings if building area > 20,000 m
Exception to 5.2.10.1: Systems that use heat recovery for at least 40% of the design hot water
capacity.
5.2.10.2 Solar Water Heating Equipment Efficiency

Service water heating equipment shall meet or exceed the performance and minimum efficiency
requirements presented in available Indian Standards
(a) Solar water heater shall meet the performance/ minimum efficiency level mentioned in IS 13129
Part (1&2)
(b) Gas Instantaneous Water heaters shall meet the performance/minimum efficiency level
mentioned in IS 15558 with above 80% thermal efficiency.
Electric water heater shall meet the performance / minimum efficiency level mentioned in IS 2082.
5.2.10.3 Supplementary Water Heating System

Supplementary heating system shall be designed to maximize the energy efficiency of the system and
shall incorporate the following design features in cascade:
(a) Maximum heat recovery from hot discharge system like condensers of air conditioning units,
(b) Use of gas fired heaters wherever gas is available, and
(c) Electric heater as last resort.
5.2.10.4 Piping Insulation

Piping insulation shall comply with 5.2.7.1. The entire hot water system including the storage tanks,
pipelines shall be insulated conforming to the relevant IS standards on materials and applications.
5.2.10.5 Heat Traps

Vertical pipe risers serving storage water heaters and storage tanks not having integral heat traps and
serving a non-recirculating system shall have heat traps on both the inlet and outlet piping as close as
practical to the storage tank.
5.2.10.6 Swimming Pools

Heated pools shall be provided with a vapor retardant pool cover on or at the water surface. Pools
heated to more than 32C shall have a pool cover with a minimum insulation value of R-4.1.
Exception to 5.2.10.6: Pools deriving over 60% of their energy from site-recovered energy or solar
energy source.

Compliance shall be demonstrated with the requirements in 5.3.1 through 5.3.8 for HVAC systems
that meet the following criteria:
(a) Serves a single zone,

(b) Cooling (if any) is provided by a unitary packaged or split-system air conditioner or heat pump,
(c) Heating (if any) is provided by a unitary packaged or split-system heat pump, fuel-fired furnace,
electric resistance heater, or baseboards connected to a boiler, and
(d) Outside air quantity is less than 1,400 l/s and less than 70% of supply air at design conditions.
5.3.1 Fans
Supply, exhaust and return or relief fans with motor power exceeding .37 kW shall meet or exceed the
minimum energy efficiency requirements specified in Table 5.14 through Table 5.16.

Table 5.14 Mechanical and Motor Efficiency Requirements for Fans in ECBC Buildings
System type Fan Type Mechanical Efficiency Motor Efficiency

(As per IS 12615)
Central system and Supply 60% IE 2
Ductable VRVs
Return & Exhaust 55% IE 2
Applies to fans with free inlet and with a duct fitted to its outlet or with a duct fitted to its inlet and outlet.
Efficiency is total efficiency of the fan based on measurements of total fan pressure.
Table 5.15 Mechanical and Motor Efficiency Requirements for Fans in EE Buildings
System type Fan Type Mechanical Efficiency Motor Efficiency

(As per IS 12615)
Central system and Supply 65% IE 3
Ductable VRVs
Return and Exhaust 60% IE 3
Applies to fans with free inlet and with a duct fitted to its outlet or with a duct fitted to its inlet and outlet.
Table 5.16 Mechanical and Motor Efficiency Requirements for Fans in Super EE Buildings
System Type Fan Type Mechanical Efficiency Motor Efficiency

(As per IS 12615) 5.3.2 P
Central system Supply 70% IE 4 umps
and
Ductable VRVs Return & Exhaust 65% IE 4 Chilled
and
Applies to fans with free inlet and with a duct fitted to its outlet or with a duct fitted to its inlet and outlet. condens
er water
pumps
shall meet or exceed the minimum energy efficiency requirements specified in Table 5.17 through Table
5.19. Requirements for pumps in district chiller systems are limited to the installed efficiency requirement
of individual pump equipment only.
Exceptions to 5.3.2: Pumps used in processes e.g. service hot water, chilled water used for
refrigeration etc.
Table 5.17 Pump Efficiency Requirements for ECBC Buildings
Equipment ECBC 2016

Chilled Water Pump (Primary 18.2 W/ kW r with VSD
and Secondary)
Condenser Water Pump 17.7 W/ kW r
Pump Efficiency With 70% efficiency
Table 5.18 Pump Efficiency Requirements for EE Buildings
Equipment EE Building
and Secondary)
Pump Efficiency With 75% efficiency
Table 5.19 Pump Efficiency Requirements for Super EE Buildings
Equipment Super EE Building

and Secondary)
Pump Efficiency With 85% efficient pumps
5.3.3 Cooling Towers

Cooling towers shall meet or exceed the minimum efficiency requirements specified in Table 5.20. EE and
Super EE buildings shall have additional VFD installed in the cooling towers.
Table 5.20 Cooling Tower Efficiency Requirements for ECBC Buildings
Equipment type Rating Condition Efficiency*
Propeller or axial fan 35C entering water 0.017 kW/kW r

open/ closed -circuit cooling towers 29C leaving water 0.31 kW/ L/s
24C WB outdoor air
Centrifugal fan 35C entering water 0.034 kW/kW r

open/ closed -circuit cooling towers 29C leaving water (0.59 kW/ L/s)
24C WB outdoor air
*Tonnage considered is the cooling capacity.
5.3.4 Economizers
5.3.4.1 Air Side Economizer
Each individual cooling fan system that has a design supply capacity over 1,200 l/s and a total
mechanical cooling/ heating capacity over 15.8 kW shall include either:
(a) An air economizer capable of modulating outside-air and return-air dampers to supply 100
percent of the design supply air quantity as outside-air; or
(b) A water economizer capable of providing 100% of the expected system cooling load at outside
air temperatures of 10C dry-bulb/7.2C wet-bulb and below.
Exception to 5.3.2:
(a) Projects in warm-humid climate zones are exempt.

(b) Projects with only daytime occupancy in the hot-dry are exempt.
(c) Individual ceiling mounted fan systems < 3,200 l/s are exempt.
5.3.4.2 Partial Cooling
Where required by 5.3.2 economizers shall be capable of providing partial cooling even when additional
mechanical cooling is required to meet the cooling load.

5.3.4.3 Controls
Air economizer shall be equipped with controls
(a) That allow dampers to be sequenced with the mechanical cooling equipment and not be
controlled by only mixed air temperature.
(b) capable of automatically reducing outdoor air intake to the design minimum outdoor air quantity
when outdoor air intake will no longer reduce cooling energy usage.
5.3.4.4 Testing
Air-side economizers shall be tested in the field following the requirements in Appendix G to ensure
proper operation.
Exception to 5.3.4.4: Air economizers installed by the HVAC system equipment manufacturer and
certified to the building department as being factory calibrated and tested per the procedures in
Appendix G 14.4 and 14.3 .
5.3.5 Variable Flow Hydronic Systems

5.3.5.1 Variable Fluid Flow
Chilled or hot-water systems shall be designed for variable fluid flow and shall be capable of reducing
pump flow rates to no more than the larger of:
(a) 50% of the design flow rate, or

(b) the minimum flow required by the equipment manufacturer for proper operation of the chillers or
boilers.
5.3.5.2 Isolation Valves
Water cooled air-conditioning or heat pump units with a circulation pump motor greater than or equal to
3.7 kW shall have two-way automatic isolation valves on each water cooled air-conditioning or heat
pump unit that are interlocked with the compressor to shut off condenser water flow when the
compressor is not operating.
5.3.5.3 Variable Speed Drives

Chilled water or condenser water systems that must comply with either 5.3.5.1 or 5.3.5.2 and that
have pump motors greater than or equal to 3.7 kW shall be controlled by variable speed drives.
5.3.6 Boilers
Gas and oil fired boilers shall meet or exceed the minimum efficiency requirements specified in Table
5.21.
Table 5.21 Minimum Efficiency Requirements for Oil and Gas Fired Boilers
Equipment Type Sub Category Size Category Minimum Efficiency

Boilers, Hot Water Gas fired <88 kW 80% AFUE
5.3.7 L
ow
>=88 kW and <=732 kW 75% Et Energy
>732 kW 80% Ec Comfor
Oil fired <88 kW 80% AFUE
t
System
>=88 kW and <=732 kW 78% Et s
>732 kW 83 % Ec Building
AFUE - annual fuel utilization efficiency s that
Ec - combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses) have
Et - Thermal efficiency
any of
the low
energy comfort systems listed below shall be exempt from all requirements of 5.2 except 5.2.7 and
5.2.8:
(a) Evaporative Cooling

(b) Desiccant cooling system
(c) Solar air conditioning
(d) Tri- generation (Waste to heat)
(e) Radiant cooling system
(f) Ground source heat pump
(g) Adiabatic cooling system
5.3.8 Heat Recovery

All systems of capacity greater than 2100 l/s and minimum outdoor air supply of 70% shall have air-to-
air heat recovery equipment with minimum 70% recovery effectiveness
At least 50% of heat shall be recovered from diesel and gas fired DG sets Heat installed in hotel and
office buildings with built up area greater than 20,000 m2.

Lighting and Controls
6. Lighting and Controls
6.1 General
Lighting systems and equipment shall comply with the mandatory provisions of 6.2 and the prescriptive
criteria of 6.3 and 6.3.4. The lighting requirements in this section shall apply to:
(a) Interior spaces of buildings,

(b) Exterior building features, including facades, illuminated roofs, architectural features, entrances,
exits, loading docks, and illuminated canopies, and,
(c) Exterior building grounds lighting that is provided through the building's electrical service.
Exceptions to 6.1:
(a) Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation and is powered by
battery, generator, or other alternate power source; and,
(b) Lighting in dwelling units.

6.2.1 Lighting Control
6.2.1.1 Automatic Lighting Shutoff
Interior lighting systems in office spaces larger than 300 m shall be equipped with automatic control
devices. Occupancy sensors shall also be provided in:
(a) All office spaces less than 30 m enclosed by walls or ceiling height partitions
(b) Storage spaces more than 15 m
(c) Hotel public toilets more than 25 m
(d) Hotel and hospital corridors
(e) Conference rooms, and laboratories
For other spaces, Automatic control device shall function on either
(a) A scheduled basis at specific programmed times. An independent program schedule shall be
provided for areas of no more than 2,500 m2 and not more than one floor; or,
(b) Occupancy sensors that shall turn the lighting off for only 95% of the lighting fixtures within 15
minutes of an occupant leaving the space. Light fixtures controlled by occupancy sensors shall
have a wall-mounted, manual switch capable of turning off lights when the space is occupied.
Exception to 6.2.1.1: Lighting systems designed for emergency and firefighting purposes.
6.2.1.2 Space Control

Each space enclosed by ceiling-height partitions shall have at least one control device to independently
control the general lighting within the space. Each control device shall be activated either manually by an
occupant or automatically by sensing an occupant. Each control device shall
(a) Control a maximum of 250 m2 for a space less than or equal to 1,000 m2, and a maximum of
1,000 m2 for a space greater than 1,000 m2.
(b) Be capable of overriding the shutoff control required in 6.2.1.1 for no more than 2 hours, and
(c) Be readily accessible and located so the occupant can Super EE the control.
Exception to 6.2.1.2 (c): The required control device may be remotely installed if required for reasons
of safety or security. A remotely located device shall have a pilot light indicator as part of or next to the
control device and shall be clearly labeled to identify the controlled lighting.
6.2.1.3 Control in Daylight Areas

Luminaires in daylight areas shall be equipped with either a manual or automatic control device that:
(a) Is within a distance of 5 meters from the window

(b) Has a set point between 50 to 1,000 lux,
(c) Has a delay of greater than 2 minutes and differential of greater than 50 lux,
(d) Is capable of dimming or stepping up to 50% of total power, and
(e) Controls only the luminaires located entirely within the daylight area.
Daylight controls shall also be provided in corridors, lobbies and toilets. Overrides to the daylight controls
shall not be allowed. Lighting Power Density adjustment factor of 20% shall be allowed to all spaces with
more than 70% of their area under daylight controls.
6.2.1.4 Centralized Controls for EE and Super EE Buildings

EE and Super EE buildings shall have centralized control systems for daylight sensors, manual or
automatic dimmers and, schedule based automatic lighting shutoff switches.
6.2.1.5 Exterior Lighting Control

Lighting for all exterior applications not exempted in 6.3.5 shall be controlled by a photo sensor or
astronomical time switch that is capable of automatically turning off the exterior lighting when daylight is
available or the lighting is not required.
Universities, Information Technology campus and other buildings with built up area greater than 15,000
m shall have-
(a) Average light source efficacy not greater than 70 lm/ W, and
(b) On/off or 50% dimmable motion detectors for at least 80% of landscape and street lighting.
Faade lighting and signage shall have separate time switches.
Exemption to 6.2.1.5: Exterior emergency lighting.
6.2.1.6 Additional Control

The following lighting applications shall be equipped with a control device to control such lighting
independently of general lighting:
(a) Display/Accent Lighting. Display or accent lighting greater than 300 m 2 area shall have a
separate control device.
(b) Case Lighting. Lighting in cases used for display purposes greater than 300 m 2 area shall be
equipped with a separate control device.
(c) Hotel and Motel Guest Room Lighting. Hotel and motel guest rooms and guest suites shall have a
master control device at the main room entry that controls all permanently installed luminaires
and switched receptacles.
(d) Task Lighting. Supplemental task lighting including permanently installed under shelf or under
cabinet lighting shall have a control device integral to the luminaires or be controlled by a wall-
mounted control device provided the control device complies with 6.2.1.2 (c).
(e) Nonvisual Lighting. Lighting for nonvisual applications, such as plant growth and food-warming,
shall be equipped with a separate control device.
(f) Demonstration Lighting. Lighting equipment that is for sale or for demonstrations in lighting
education shall be equipped with a separate control device accessible only to authorized
personnel.

6.2.2 Exit Signs

Internally-illuminated exit signs shall not exceed 5 W per face.
6.2.3 Exterior Building Grounds Lighting

Lighting for exterior building grounds luminaires which operate at greater than 100 W shall contain lamps
having a minimum efficacy of 60 lm/W unless the luminaire is controlled by a motion sensor or exempt
under 6.1.

6.3.1 Interior Lighting Power
The installed interior lighting power for a building or a separately metered or permitted portion of a
building shall be calculated in accordance with 6.3.4 and shall not exceed the interior lighting power
allowance determined in accordance with either 6.3.2 or 6.3.3. Tradeoffs of interior lighting power
allowance among portions of the building for which a different method of calculation has been used are
not permitted.
Exception to 6.3: The following lighting equipment and applications shall not be considered when
determining the interior lighting power allowance, nor shall the wattage for such lighting be included in
the installed interior lighting power. However, any such lighting shall not be exempt unless it is an
addition to general lighting and is controlled by an independent control device.
(a) Display or accent lighting that is an essential element for the function performed in galleries,
museums, and monuments,
(b) Lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed by its manufacturer,
(c) Lighting specifically designed for medical or dental procedures and lighting integral to medical
equipment,
(d) Lighting integral to food warming and food preparation equipment,
(e) Lighting for plant growth or maintenance,
(f) Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by the visually impaired,
(g) Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area is enclosed by ceiling-height
partitions,
(h) Lighting in interior spaces that have been specifically designated as a registered interior historic
landmark,
(i) Lighting that is an integral part of advertising or directional signage,
(j) Exit signs,
(k) Lighting that is for sale or lighting educational demonstration systems,
(l) Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, and film or video production, and
(m) Athletic playing areas with permanent facilities for television broadcasting.
6.3.2 Building Area Method

Determination of interior lighting power allowance (watts) by the building area method shall be in
accordance with the following:
Determine the allowed lighting power density for each appropriate building area type from Table 6.1 for
ECBC buildings, from Table 6.2, for EE buildings and from
(a) Table 6.3 for Super EE buildings.

(b) Calculate the gross lighted floor area for each building area type.
(c) The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the products of the gross lighted floor area of
each building area times the allowed lighting power density for that building area types.

Table 6.1 Interior Lighting Power for ECBC Buildings Building Area Method
Building Area Type LPD (W/m2) Building Area Type LPD (W/m2)
Office Building 9.5 Motion picture theater 9.43
Hospitals 9.7 Museum 10.2
Hotels 9.5 Post office 10.5
Shopping Mall 14.1 Religious building 12
University and Schools 11.2 Sports arena 9.7
Library 12.2 Transportation 9.2
Dining: bar lounge/leisure 12.2 Warehouse 7.08
Dining: cafeteria/fast food 11.5 Performing arts theater 16.3
Dining: family 10.9 Police station 9.9
Dormitory 9.1 Workshop 14.1
Fire station 9.7 Automotive facility 9
Gymnasium 10 Convention center 12.5
Manufacturing facility 12 Parking garage 3
In cases where both a general building area type and a specific building area type are listed, the specific building
area type shall apply.
Table 6.2 Interior Lighting Power for EE Buildings Building Area Method
Shopping Mall 11.3 Religious building 9.6
Fire station 7.8 Automotive facility 7.2
Gymnasium 8.0 Convention center 10.0
Manufacturing facility 9.6 Parking garage 2.4
Table 6.3 Interior Lighting Power for Super EE Buildings Building Area Method
Shopping Mall 7.0 Religious building 6.0
Fire station 4.9 Automotive facility 4.5
Gymnasium 5.0 Convention center 6.3
Manufacturing facility 6.0 Parking garage 1.5
6.3.3 Space Function Method

Determination of interior lighting power allowance (watts) by the space function method shall be in
accordance with the following:
(a) Determine the appropriate building type and the allowed lighting power density from Table 6.4
for ECBC buildings, Table 6.5 for EE buildings and, Table 6.6 for Super EE buildings.
(b) For each space enclosed by partitions 80% or greater than ceiling height, determine the gross
interior floor area by measuring to the center of the partition wall. Include the floor area of
balconies or other projections. Retail spaces do not have to comply with the 80% partition height
requirements.
(c) The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the lighting power allowances for all spaces.
The lighting power allowance for a space is the product of the gross lighted floor area of the
space times the allowed lighting power density for that space.

Table 6.4 Interior Lighting Power for ECBC Buildings Space Function Method
Lamp category LPD (W/m2) Lamp category LPD (W/m2)

Office Spaces
Enclosed 10.0 Restrooms 7.7
Open Plan 10.0 Stairway 5.5
Banking Activity Area 12.6 Storage 6.8
Conference/ Meeting 11.5 Electrical/Mechanical 7.1
For Elevator 9.1 Workshop 17.1
Corridor/Transition 7.1 Service/Repair 6.8
Hospital Spaces
Emergency 22.8 Recovery 8.6
Exam/Treatment 13.7 Storage 5.5
Nurses Station 9.4 Laundry/Washing 7.5
Operating Room 21.8 Lounge/Recreation 8.0
Patient Room 7.7 Medical Supply 13.7
Pharmacy 10.7 Nursery 5.7
Physical Therapy 9.7 Corridor/Transition 9.1
Radiology/Imaging 9.1
Hotel
Hotel Dining 9.1 Hotel Lobby 10.9

For Bar Lounge/ Dining 14.1 Motel Dining 9.1
For food preparation 12.1 Motel Guest Rooms 7.7
Hotel Guest Rooms 9.1
Shopping Mall
Mall Concourse 12.8 For Family Dining 10.9
Sales Area 18.3 For food preparation 12.1
Motion Picture Theater 9.6 Elevator / lobby 9.1
Bar Lounge/ Dining 14.1 Electrical/Mechanical 7.1
School/ University
Classroom/Lecture 13.7 Card File and Cataloging 9.1
For Classrooms 13.8 Stacks (Lib) 18.3
Laboratory 15.1 Corridor/Transition 4.6
Reading Area (Lib) 10.0 Electrical/Mechanical 7.1
Table 6.5 Interior Lighting Power for EE Buildings Space Function Method

Office Spaces
Hospital Spaces
Hotel

Shopping Mall

School/ University

Table 6.6 Interior Lighting Power for Super EE Buildings Space Function Method

Office Spaces
Hospital Spaces
Hotel

Shopping Mall

School/ University
Box 6.1 Calculating Interior Lighting Power Space Function Method
Box 6.1 Calculating Interior Lighting Power Space Function Method

A four story building has retail on the ground floor and offices on the top three floors. Area is 3600
square meters. Space types and their respective areas are mentioned below. What will be the
interior lighting power allowance a ECBC building? Use the space function method.
Space Function Area (square feet) Space Function Area (square feet)
Office Retail
Office - enclosed 5,750 General 7,200
sales area
Office open plan 16,000 Offices - 200
enclosed
Meeting Rooms 1,000 Restrooms 50
Lobbies 1,000 Corridors 100
Restrooms 400 Active 1,450
Storage
Corridors 1,350
Dining Area 300
Food preparation 150
Electrical/ Mechanical 150
Staircase 900
Answer:
Areas are mentioned in IP units (square feet). For each of the space type, look up the corresponding
Lighting Power Density (LPD) values from Table 6.4 in Energy Conservation Building Code 2016.
These are listed in the table below. Multiply the area with the LPD values. So these will have to be
first converted in to SI units (meter). Add the lighting power allowance for each space type to
estimate the lighting power allowance for the whole building. It is 45,655 W.
Space Function LPD (W/ m) Area (m) Lighting Power Allowance
(W)
Office
Office - enclosed 11.8 575 6785
Office open plan 11.8 1600 18880
Meeting Rooms 14 100 1400
Lobbies 14 100 1400
Restrooms 9.7 40 388
Corridors 5.4 135 729
Dining Area 9.7 30 291
Food preparation 12.9 15 193.5
Electrical/ 16.1 15 241.5
Mechanical
Staircase 6.5 90 585
Total 30893 W
Retail
General sales area 18.3 720 13176
Offices - enclosed 11.8 20 236
Restrooms 9.7 5 48.5
Corridors 5.4 10 54
Active Storage 8.6 145 1247
Total 14762
Building Total 45655 W

6.3.4 Installed Interior Lighting Power

The installed interior lighting power calculated for compliance with 6.3 shall include all power used by
the luminaires, including lamps, ballasts, current regulators, and control devices except as specifically
exempted in 6.1.
Exception to 6.3.4: If two or more independently operating lighting systems in a space are controlled
to prevent simultaneous user operation, the installed interior lighting power shall be based solely on the
lighting system with the highest power.
6.3.4.1 Luminaire Wattage

Luminaire efficacy shall be above 0.7 or above. Luminaire wattage incorporated into the installed interior
lighting power shall be determined in accordance with the following:
(a) The wattage of incandescent luminaires with medium base sockets and not containing
permanently installed ballasts shall be the maximum labeled wattage of the luminaires.
(b) The wattage of luminaires containing permanently installed ballasts shall be the operating input
wattage of the specified lamp/ballast combination. Operating input wattage can be either values
from manufacturers catalogs or values from independent testing laboratory reports.
(c) The wattage of all other miscellaneous luminaire types not described in (a) or (b) shall be the
specified wattage of the luminaires.
(d) The wattage of lighting track, plug-in busway, and flexible-lighting systems that allow the
addition and/or relocation of luminaires without altering the wiring of the system shall be the
larger of the specified wattage of the luminaires included in the system or 135 W/m (45 W/ft.).
Systems with integral overload protection, such as fuses or circuit breakers, shall be rated at
100% of the maximum rated load of the limiting device.
6.3.5 Exterior Lighting Power

Connected lighting power of exterior lighting applications shall not exceed the lighting power limits
specified in Table 6.7 for ECBC buildings, Table 6.8 for EE buildings and Table 6.9 for Super EE Buildings.
Trade-offs between applications are not permitted. Exterior lighting for all applications not listed in Table
6.7 through Table 6.9 (except those included in the Exceptions to 6.3.4) shall comply with the
requirements of 6.2.3.
Table 6.7 Exterior Building Lighting Power for ECBC Buildings
Exterior lighting application Power limits

Building entrance (with canopy) 10 W/m2 of canopied area
Building entrance (w/o canopy) 90 W/ linear m of door width
Building exit 60 W/lin m of door width
Building faade 5 W/m2 of vertical faade area
Emergency signs, ATM kiosks, Security areas faade 1 W/m2
Parking areas (covered/ basement) 2.2 W/m2
Driveways (covered/ basement) 3 W/m2
Driveways and parking (open/ external) 1.6 W/m2
Pedestrian walkways 2.0 W/m2
Stairways 10.0 W/m2
Landscaping 0.5 W/m2
Outdoor sales area 9.0 W/m2
Table 6.8 Exterior Building Lighting Power for EE Buildings

Building faade 4 W/m2 of vertical faade area
Emergency signs, ATM kiosks, Security areas faade .8 W/m2
Driveways (covered/ basement) 2.5 W/m2
Driveways and parking (open/ external) 1.3 W/m2
Pedestrian walkways 1.6 W/m2
Stairways 8 W/m2
Table 6.9 Exterior Building Lighting Power for Super EE Buildings

Building faade 2.5 W/m2 of vertical faade area
Emergency signs, ATM kiosks, Security areas faade .5 W/m2
Driveways (covered/ basement) 1.5 W/m2
Driveways and parking (open/ external) .8 W/m2
Pedestrian walkways 1 W/m2
Stairways 5 W/m2

Electrical and Renewable Systems
7. Electrical and Renewable Systems
7.1 General
All electric and renewable energy equipment and systems shall comply with the mandatory requirements
of 7.2.

7.2.1 Transformers
7.2.1.1 Maximum Allowable Power Transformer Losses
Power transformers of the proper ratings and design must be selected to satisfy the minimum acceptable
efficiency at 50% and full load rating.
Permissible total loss values shall not exceed
(a) 5% of the maximum total loss values mentioned in IS 1180 for oil type transformers in voltage
class above 11 kV but not more than 22 kV
(b) 7 percent of the maximum total loss values mentioned in above IS 1180 for oil type
transformers in voltage class above 22 kV and up to and including 33 kV
(c) values listed in Table 7.1 for dry type transformers
In addition, the transformer must be selected such that it minimizes the total of its initial cost in addition
to the present value of the cost of its total lost energy while serving its estimated loads during its
respective life span.
Table 7.1Dry Type Transformers (to be updated as per the latest standard)
Rating Impedance Max. Total Loss (W)

(kVA) (percent)
ECBC 2015 EE Building SUPER EE Building
50 % 100% 50 % 100% 50 % 100%
Load Load Load Load Load Load
16 4.5 150 480 135 440 120 400
25 4.5 210 695 190 635 175 595
63 4.5 380 1250 340 1140 300 1050
100 4.5 520 1800 475 1650 435 1500
160 4.5 770 2200 670 1950 570 1700
200 4.5 890 2700 780 2300 670 2100
250 4.5 1050 3150 980 2930 920 2700
315 4.5 1100 3275 1025 3100 955 2750
400 4.5 1300 3875 1225 3450 1150 3330
500 4.5 1600 4750 1510 4300 1430 4100
630 4.5 2000 5855 1860 5300 1745 4850
1000 5 3000 9000 2790 7700 2620 7000
1250 5 3600 10750 3300 9200 3220 8400
1600 6.25 4500 13500 4200 11800 3970 11300
2000 6.25 5400 17000 5050 15000 4790 14100

2500 6.25 6500 20000 6150 18500 5900 17500
Total loss values given in above table are applicable for thermal classes E, B and F and have component of load loss
at reference temperature according to Clause 17 of IS 1180 i.e., average winding temperature rise as given in
Column 2 of Table 8.2 plus 300C. An increase of 7% on total for thermal class H is allowed.
Table 7.2 Permissible Losses for Oil Type Transformers. Total losses for oil type transformers should confirm
with Indian Standard IS 1180. (to be updated as per the latest standard)
Rating Impedance Max. Total Loss (W)

(kVA) (percent)
ECBC 2015 EE Building SUPER EE Building
50 % 100% Load 50 % 100% Load 50 % 100% Load
Load Load Load
16 4.5 150 480 135 440 120 400
25 4.5 210 695 190 635 175 595
63 4.5 380 1250 340 1140 300 1050
100 4.5 520 1800 475 1650 435 1500
160 4.5 770 2200 670 1950 570 1700
200 4.5 890 2700 780 2300 670 2100
250 4.5 1050 3150 980 2930 920 2700
315 4.5 1100 3275 1025 3100 955 2750
400 4.5 1300 3875 1225 3450 1150 3330
500 4.5 1600 4750 1510 4300 1430 4100
630 4.5 2000 5855 1860 5300 1745 4850
1000 5 3000 9000 2790 7700 2620 7000
1250 5 3600 10750 3300 9200 3220 8400
1600 6.25 4500 13500 4200 11800 3970 11300
2000 6.25 5400 17000 5050 15000 4790 14100
2500 6.25 6500 20000 6150 18500 5900 17500
Total loss values given in above table are applicable for thermal classes E, B and F and have component of load loss
at reference temperature according to Clause 17 of IS 1180 i.e., average winding temperature rise as given in
Column 2 of Table 8.2 plus 300C. An increase of 7% on total for thermal class H is allowed.
7.2.1.2 Measurement and Reporting of Transformer Losses

All measurement of losses shall be carried out by using calibrated digital meters of class 0.5 or better
accuracy and certified by the manufacturer. All transformers of capacity of 500 kVA and above would be
equipped with additional metering class current transformers (CTs) and potential transformers (PTs)
additional to requirements of Utilities so that periodic loss monitoring study may be carried out.
7.2.1.3 Voltage Drop

Voltage drop for feeders shall not exceed 2% at design load. Voltage drop for branch circuit shall not
exceed 3% at design load.
7.2.2 Energy Efficient Motors

Motors shall also comply with the following:
(a) Three phase induction motors shall conform to Indian Standard (IS) 12615 and shall fulfill the
following efficiency requirements:

i. ECBC buildings shall have motors of IE 2 (high efficiency) class or a higher class
ii. EE buildings shall have IE 3 (premium efficiency) class motors or higher class
iii. Super EE buildings shall have IE 4 (super premium efficiency) class motors
(b) All permanently wired polyphase motors of 0.375 kW or more serving the building and all
permanently wired polyphase motors of 50kW or more serving the building shall have a minimum
acceptable nominal full load motor efficiency not less than levels specified in the latest version of
IS 12615.
(c) Motors of horsepower differing from those listed in the table shall have efficiency greater than
that of the next listed kW motor.
(d) Motor horsepower ratings shall not exceed 20% of the calculated maximum load being served.
(e) Motor nameplates shall list the nominal full-load motor efficiencies and the full-load power factor.
(f) Motor users should insist on proper rewinding practices for any rewound motors. If the proper
rewinding practices cannot be assured, the damaged motor should be replaced with a new,
efficient one rather than suffer the significant efficiency penalty associated with typical rewind
practices. Rewinding practices from BEE guideline for energy efficient motors shall be followed.
(g) Certificates shall be obtained and kept on record indicating the motor efficiency. Whenever a
motor is rewound, appropriate measures shall be taken so that the core characteristics of the
motor is not lost due to thermal and mechanical stress during removal of damaged parts. After
rewinding, a new efficiency test shall be performed and a similar record shall be maintained.
7.2.3 DG Sets
BEE star rated DG sets shall be used in all compliant buildings. DG sets in buildings greater than 20,000
m2 shall have:
(a) minimum 3 star rating in ECBC buildings

(b) minimum 4 star rating in EE buildings
(c) minimum 5 star rating in Super EE buildings
7.2.4 Power Factor Correction

All electricity supplies exceeding 100 A, 3 phase shall maintain their power factor at the point of
connection as follows:
(a) .97 for ECBC building

(b) .98 for EE building
(c) .99 for Super EE building
7.2.5 Check-Metering and Monitoring

(a) Services exceeding 1000 kVA shall have permanently installed electrical metering to record
demand (kVA), energy (kWh), and total power factor. The metering shall also display current (in
each phase and the neutral), voltage (between phases and between each phase and neutral),
and total harmonic distortion (THD) as a percentage of total current.
(b) Services not exceeding 1000 kVA but over 65 kVA shall have permanently installed electric
metering to record demand (kW), energy (kWh), and total power factor (or kVARh).
(c) Services not exceeding 65 kVA shall have permanently installed electrical metering to record
energy (kWh).
Table 7.3 Sub Metering Requirements
120 kVA to 250 kVA 250 kVA to 600 kVA More than 600 kVA
Minimum requirement for metering of electrical load
Energy kWh Required Required Required
Demand kVA Required Required Required
Total power factor Required Required Required
Minimum requirement for separation of Electrical Load
HVAC system and components Required Required Required
Lighting (interior and exterior)* Not required Required Required
Domestic hot water Not required Required Required
Plug loads Not required Required Required
Renewable power source Required Required Required
Mandatory requirement for building type over the requirement stated above
Commercial mall/ retail Faade lighting Elevator, escalators, moving walks
Offices Data centers
Hotels Commercial kitchens
In case of tenant based building, metering should be provided as per the above requirement at a location from where
each tenant could attach the services.
* Hotel guestrooms and hospital in patient areas are exempted from the lighting sub-metering requirements.
7.2.6 Power Distribution Systems

The power cabling shall be sized so that the distribution losses do not exceed
(a) 3% of the total power usage in ECBC Buildings

(b) 2% of the total power usage in EE buildings
(c) 1.5% of total power usage in Super EE buildings
Record of design calculation for the losses shall be maintained. Load calculation shall be calculated up to
the panel level.
7.2.7 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

UPS equipment shall be installed in buildings with area greater than 10,000 m2. UPS shall meet or exceed
the energy efficiency requirements listed in Table 7.4. Any standard and labeling program by BEE shall
take precedence over requirements listed in this section.
Table 7.4 Energy Efficiency Requirements for UPS
UPS Size Energy Efficiency Requirements on 100% Load

7.2.8 Renewable
kVA< 20 90.2%
Energy Systems
20<=kVA <= 100 91.9%
kVA > 100 93.8% All buildings shall
have provisions for
installation of
renewable energy systems in the future on rooftops or the site.
7.2.8.1 Solar Zone

A dedicated solar zone equivalent to at least 10% of roof area or area required for generation of energy
equivalent to 1% of total peak demand or connected load of the building, whichever is less, shall be
provided in all buildings.

The solar zone shall be free of any obstructions within its boundaries and from shadows cast by objects
adjacent to the zone.
EE and Super EE buildings shall fulfill the additional requirements listed in Table 7.5.
Exception to 7.2.8.1: Projects with solar hot water and/ or solar power generation systems.
Table 7.5 Minimum Solar Zone Area Requirements for EE Buildings
Building Type Minimum Electricity to be Generated in

Solar Zone
All Buildings Minimum 2% of total electricity demand
Hotels/ motels > 25,000 m Minimum 3% of total electricity demand
Resorts > 12,500 m2
Universities > 30,000 m
IT parks and offices >30,000 m

Table 7.6 Minimum Solar Zone Area Requirements for Super EE Buildings
Building Type Minimum Electricity to be Generated in

Solar Zone
All Buildings Minimum 4% of total electricity demand
Hotels/ motels > 25,000 m Minimum 6% of total electricity demand
Resorts > 12,500 m2
Universities > 30,000 m
IT parks and offices >30,000 m
7.2.8.2 Main Electrical Service Panel

Minimum rating shall be displayed on the main electrical service panel. Space shall be reserved for the
installation of a double pole circuit breaker for a future solar electric installation.
7.2.8.3 Demarcation on Documents

The following shall be indicated in design and construction documents:
(a) Location for inverters and metering equipment,

(b) Pathway for routing of conduit from the solar zone to the point of interconnection with the
electrical service,
(c) Routing of plumbing from the solar zone to the water-heating system and,
Structural design loads for roof dead and live load
Appendix A: Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms
8. Appendix A: Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms
8.1 General
Certain terms, abbreviations, and acronyms are defined in this section for the purposes of this code.
These definitions are applicable to all sections of this code. Terms that are not defined shall have their
ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Webster's Third New
International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged, copyright 1986, shall be considered as
providing ordinarily accepted meanings.
8.2 Definitions
Addition: an extension or increase in floor area or height of a building outside of the existing building
envelope
Alteration: any change, rearrangement, replacement, or addition to a building or its systems and
equipment; any modification in construction or building equipment
Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE): an efficiency description of the ratio of annual output
energy to annual input energy as developed in accordance with requirements of U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) 10CFR Part 430
Area: See roof and wall, conditioned floor, day lit, faade, fenestration, lighted floor
Astronomical time switch: an automatic time switch that makes an adjustment for the length of the
day as it varies over the year
Authority having jurisdiction: the agency or agent responsible for enforcing this standard
Automatic: self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when actuated by some non-manual influence,
such as a change in current strength, pressure, temperature, or mechanical configuration.
Automatic control device: a device capable of automatically turning loads off and on without manual
intervention
Balancing, air system: adjusting airflow rates through air distribution system devices, such as fans and
diffusers, by manually adjusting the position of dampers, splitters vanes, extractors, etc., or by using
automatic control devices, such as constant air volume or variable air volume boxes
Balancing, hydronic system: adjusting water flow rates through hydronic distribution system devices,
such as pumps and coils, by manually adjusting the position valves, or by using automatic control
devices, such as automatic flow control valves
Ballast: a device used in conjunction with an electric-discharge lamp to cause the lamp to start and
operate under proper circuit conations of voltage, current, waveform, electrode heat, etc.
Boiler: a self-contained low-pressure appliance for supplying steam or hot water
Boiler, packaged a boiler that is shipped complete with heating equipment, mechanical draft
equipment, and automatic controls; usually shipped in one or more sections. A packaged boiler includes
factory-built boilers manufactured as a unit or system, disassembled for shipment, and reassembled at
the site.
Building: a structure wholly or partially enclosed within exterior walls, or within exterior and party walls,
and a roof, affording shelter to persons, animals, or property.
Building, base: includes building structure, building envelope, common areas, circulation areas,
parking, basements, services area, plant room and its supporting areas and, open project site area.

Building, core and shell: buildings where the developer or owner will only provide the base building
and its services.
Building, existing: a building or portion thereof that was previously occupied or approved for
occupancy by the authority having jurisdiction
Building complex: a group of buildings in a contiguous area under single ownership
Building entrance: any doorway, set of doors, turnstiles, or other form of portal that is ordinarily used
to gain access to the building by its users and occupants
Building envelope: the exterior plus the semi-exterior portions of a building. For the purposes of
determining building envelope requirements, the classifications are defined as follows:
(a) Building envelope, exterior: the elements of a building that separate conditioned spaces from the
exterior
(b) Building envelope, semi-exterior: the elements of a building that separate conditioned space
from unconditioned space or that enclose semi-heated spaces through which thermal energy
may be transferred to or from the exterior, or to or from unconditioned spaces, or to or from
conditioned spaces
Building exit: any doorway, set of doors, or other form of portal that is ordinarily used only for
emergency egress or convenience exit
Building grounds lighting: lighting provided through a buildings electrical service for parking lot, site,
roadway, pedestrian pathway, loading dock, and security applications
Building material: any element of the building envelope through which heat flows and that heat is
included in the component U-factor calculations other than air films and insulation
Circuit breaker: a device designed t open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the
circuit automatically at a predetermined over-current without damage to itself when properly applied
within its rating
Class of construction: for the building envelope, a subcategory of roof, wall, floor, slab-on-grade floor,
opaque door, vertical fenestration, or skylight
Coefficient of Performance (COP) cooling: the ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate of
energy input, in consistent units, for a complete refrigerating system or some specific portion of that
system under designated operating conditions
Coefficient of Performance (COP) heating: the ratio of the rate of heat delivered to the rate of
energy input, in consistent units, for a complete heat pump system, including the compressor and, if
applicable, auxiliary heat, under designated operating conditions
Commercial building: all buildings except for multi-family buildings of three stories or fewer above
grade and single-family buildings
Construction documents: drawings and specifications used to construct a building, building systems,
or portions thereof
Control: to regulate the operation of equipment
Control device: a specialized device used to regulate the operation of equipment
Cool roof: a property of a surface that describes its ability to reflect and reject heat. Cool roof surfaces
have both a light color (high solar reflectance) and a high emittance (can reject heat back to the
environment)
Daylight area: the daylight illuminated floor area under horizontal fenestration (skylight) or adjacent to
vertical fenestration (window), described as follows
(a) Horizontal Fenestration: the area under a skylight, monitor, or sawtooth configuration with an
effective aperture greater than 0.001 (0.1%). The daylight area is calculated as the horizontal
dimension in each direction equal to the top aperture dimension in that direction plus either the
floor-to-ceiling height (H) for skylights, or 1.5 H for monitors, or H or 2H for the sawtooth
configuration, or the distance to the nearest 1000 mm or higher opaque partition, or one-half the
distance to an adjacent skylight or vertical glazing, whichever is least, as shown in the plan and
section figures below.
Plan
Skylight H
Daylight Area
Ceiling height
opaque partition
Skylight
Section
Daylight Area H
H H
Sawtooth
H Daylight Area
2H
Monitor
Daylight Area
H
1.5H 1.5H
(b) Vertical Fenestration: the floor area adjacent to side apertures (vertical fenestration in walls)
with an effective aperture greater than 0.06 (6%). The daylight area extends into the space
perpendicular to the side aperture a distance equal to daylight extension factor (DEF) multiplied
by the head height of the side aperture or to the nearest 1.35 m or higher opaque partition,
whichever is less. In the direction parallel to the window, the daylight area extends a horizontal
dimension equal to the width of the window plus either 1 m on each side of the aperture, the
distance to an opaque partition, or one-half the distance to an adjacent skylight or window,
whichever is least.

1m
Luminaries in
Daylight Area
1 m, or to nearest
opaque partition
Daylight Extension Factor (DEF): A factor to compute the daylight area manually. It is to be
multiplied by the head height of windows.
Dead band: the range of values within which a sensed variable can vary without initiating a change in
the controlled process
Demand: the highest amount of power (average kW over an interval) recorded for a building or facility
in a selected time frame
Design capacity: output capacity of a system or piece of equipment at design conditions
Design conditions: specified environmental conditions, such as temperature and light intensity,
required to be produced and maintained by a system and under which the system must operate
Distribution system: a device or group of devices or other means by which the conductors of a circuit
can be disconnected from their source of supply
Door: all operable opening areas (which are not fenestration) in the building envelope, including
swinging and roll-up doors, fire doors, and access hatches. Doors that are more than one-half glass are
considered fenestration. For the purposes of determining building envelope requirements, the
classifications are defined as follows:
(a) Door, non-swinging: roll-up sliding, and all other doors that are not swinging doors.
(b) Door, swinging: all operable opaque panels with hinges on one side and opaque revolving doors.
Door area: total area of the door measured using the rough opening and including the door slab and
the frame.
Dwelling unit: a single unit providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons,
including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, coking, and sanitation
Economizer, air: a duct and damper arrangement and automatic control system that together allow a
cooling system to supply outdoor air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling during mild
or cold weather
Economizer, water: a system by which the supply air of a cooling system is cooled indirectly with
water that is itself cooled by heat or mass transfer to the environment without the use of mechanical
cooling
EE Building: ECBC compliant building with efficiency greater than that of ECBC buildings but less than
that of Super EE buildings. It is a voluntary level of compliance.
Effective aperture: Visible Light Transmittance x window-to-wall Ratio. (EA = VLT x WWR)
Effective aperture, horizontal fenestration: a measure of the amount of daylight that enters a
space through horizontal fenestration (skylights). It is the ratio of the skylight area times the visible light
transmission divided by the gross roof area above the daylight area. See also daylight area.
Effective aperture, vertical fenestration: a measure of the amount of daylight that enters a space
through vertical fenestration. It is the ratio of the daylight window area times its visible light transmission
plus half the vision glass area times its visible light transmission and the sum is divided by the gross wall
area. Daylight window area is located 2.2 m or more above the floor and vision window area is located
above 1 m but below 2.2 m. The window area, for the purposes of determining effective aperture shall
not include windows located in light wells when the angle of obstruction () of objects obscuring the sky
dome is greater than 70o, measured from the horizontal, nor shall it include window area located below a
height of 1 m. See also daylight area.
Obstruction
Angle
Efficacy: the lumens produced by a lamp/ballast system divided by the total watts of input power
(including the ballast), expressed in lumens per watt
Efficiency: performance at a specified rating condition
Efficiency, thermal: ratio of work output to heat input
Efficiency, combustion: efficiency with which fuel is burned during the combustion process in
equipment
Remittance: the ratio of the radiant heat flux emitted by a specimen to that emitted by a blackbody at
the same temperature and under the same conditions
Enclosed building: a building that is totally enclosed by walls, floors, roofs, and openable devices such
as doors and operable windows
Energy: the capacity for doing work. It takes a number of forms that may be transformed from one into
another such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work), electrical, and chemical. Customary measurements
are watts (W)
Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER): the ratio of net cooling capacity in kW to total rate of electric input in
watts under designated operating conditions
Energy Factor (EF): a measure of water heater overall efficiency
Envelope performance factor: the trade-off value for the building envelope performance compliance
option calculated using the procedures specified in Appendix D. For the purposes of determining building
envelope requirements the classifications are defined as follows:
(a) Base envelope performance factor: the building envelope performance factor for the base design
(b) Proposed envelope performance factor: the building envelope performance factor for the
proposed design

Equipment: devices for comfort conditioning, electric power, lighting, transportation, or service water
heating including, but not limited to, furnaces, boilers, air conditioners, heat pumps, chillers, water
heaters, lamps, luminaires, ballasts, elevators, escalators, or other devices or installations
Equipment, existing: equipment previously installed in an existing building
Facade area: area of the faade, including overhanging soffits, cornices, and protruding columns,
measured in elevation in a vertical plane, parallel to the plane of the face of the building. Nonhorizontal
roof surfaces shall be included in the calculations of vertical faade area by measuring the area in a plane
parallel to the surface.
Fan system power: the sum of the nominal power demand (nameplate W or HP) of motors of all fans
that are required to operate at design conditions to supply air from the heating or cooling source to the
conditioned space(s) and return it to the source of exhaust it to the outdoors.
Fenestration: all areas (including the frames) in the building envelope that let in light, including
windows, plastic panels, clerestories, skylights, glass doors that are more than one-half glass, and glass
block walls.
(a) Skylight: a fenestration surface having a slope of less than 60 degrees from the horizontal plane.
Other fenestration, even if mounted on the roof of a building, is considered vertical fenestration.
(b) Vertical fenestration: all fenestration other than skylights. Trombe wall assemblies, where glazing
is installed within 300 mm of a mass wall, are considered walls, not fenestration.
Fenestration area: total area of the fenestration measured using the rough opening and including the
glazing, sash, and frame. For doors where the glazed vision area is less than 50% of the door area, the
fenestration area is the glazed vision area. For all other doors, the fenestration area is the door area.
Floor area gross: the sum of the floor areas of the spaces within the building including basements,
mezzanine and intermediate-floored tiers, and penthouses with headroom height of 2.5 m or greater. It
is measured from the exterior faces of exterior walls or from the centerline of walls separating buildings,
but excluding covered walkways, open roofed-over areas, porches and similar spaces, pipe trenches,
exterior terraces or steps, chimneys, roof overhangs, and similar features.
(a) Gross building envelope floor area: the gross floor area of the building envelope, but excluding
slab-on-grade floors.
(b) gross conditioned floor area: the gross floor area of conditioned spaces
(c) Gross lighted floor area: the gross floor area of lighted spaces.
(d) Gross semiheated floor area: the gross floor area of semiheated spaces.
Flue damper: a device in the flue outlet or in the inlet of or upstream of the draft control device of an
individual, automatically operated, fossil fuel-fired appliance that is designed to automatically open the
flue outlet during appliance operation and to automatically close the flue outlet when then appliance is in
standby condition.
Fossil fuel: fuel derived from a hydrocarbon deposit such as petroleum, coal, or natural gas derived
from living matter of a previous geologic time.
Fuel: a material that may be used to produce heat or generate power by combustion.
Generally accepted engineer standard: a specification, rule, guide, or procedure in the filed of
engineer, or related thereto, recognized and accepted as authoritative.
Grade: the finished ground level adjoining a building at all exterior walls.
Guest room: any room or rooms used or intended to be used by a guest for sleeping purposes.
Heat capacity: the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a given mass 1C.
Numerically, the heat capacity per unit area of surface (W/m 2-C) is the sum of the products of the mass
per unit area of each individual material in the roof, wall, or floor surface multiplied by its individual
specific heat.
Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF): the total heating output of a heat pump during its
normal annual usage period for heating (in Btu) divided by the total electric energy input during the
same period.
Historic: a building or space that has been specifically designed as historically significant.
HVAC system: the equipment, distribution systems, and terminals that provide, either collectively or
individually, the processes of heating, ventilating, or air conditioned to a building or portion of a building.
Infiltration: the uncontrolled inward air leakage through cracks and crevices in any building element
and around windows and doors of a building caused by pressure differences across these elements due
to factors such as wind, inside and outside temperature differences (stack effect), and imbalance
between supply and exhaust air systems.
Installed interior lighting power; the power in watts of all permanently installed general, task, and
furniture lighting systems and luminaires.
Integrated part-load value (IPLV): a single number figure of merit based on part-load EER, COP, or
KW/ton expressing part-load efficiency for air-conditioning and heat pump equipment on the basis of
weighted operation at various load capacities for the equipment.
Kilovolt-ampere (kVA): where the term kilovolt-ampere (kVA) is used in this standard, it is the
product of the line current (amperes) times the nominal system voltage (kilovolts) times 1.732 for three-
phase currents. For single-phase applications, kVA is the product of the line current (amperes) times the
nominal system voltage (kilovolts).
Kilowatt (kW): the basic unit of electric power, equal to 1000 W.
Labeled: equipment or materials to which a symbol or other identifying mark has been attached by the
manufacturer indicating compliance with specified standard or performance in a specified manner.
Lamp: a generic term for man-made light source often called bulb or tube.
Lighted floor area, gross: the gross floor area of lighted spaces.
Lighting, decorative: lighting that is purely ornamental and installed for aesthetic effect. Decorative
lighting shall not include general lighting.
Lighting, emergency: lighting that provides illumination only when there is a general lighting failure.
Lighting, general: lighting that provides a substantially uniform level of illumination throughout an
area. General lighting shall not include decorative lighting or lighting that provides a dissimilar level of
illumination to serve a specialized application or feature within such area.
Luminous Efficacy (LE): the quotient of the total lumens emitted from a lamp or lamp/ballast
combination divided by the watts of input power, expressed in lumens per watt.
Lighting system: a group of luminaires circuited or controlled to perform a specific function.
Lighting power allowance:
(a) Interior lighting power allowance: the maximum lighting power in watts allowed for the interior
of a building
(b) Exterior lighting power allowance: the maximum lighting power in watts allowed for the exterior
of a building

Lighting Power Density (LPD): the maximum lighting power per unit of area of a building
classification of space function.
Low-rise residential: single-family houses, multi-family structures of three stories or fewer above
grade, manufactured houses (mobile homes), and manufactured houses (modular).
Luminaires: a complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the housing designed
to distribute the light, position and protect the lamps, and connect the lamps to the power supply.
Manual (non-automatic): requiring personal intervention for control. Non-automatic does not
necessarily imply a manual controller, only that personal intervention is necessary.
Manufacturer: the company engaged in the original production and assembly of products or equipment
or a company that purchases such products and equipment manufactured in accordance with company
specifications.
Mean temperature: one-half the sum of the minimum daily temperature and maximum daily
temperature.
Mechanical cooling: reducing the temperature of a gas or liquid by using vapor compression,
absorption, desiccant dehumidification combined with evaporative cooling, or another energy-driven
thermodynamic cycle. Indirect of direct evaporative cooling alone is not considered mechanical cooling.
Metering: instruments that measure electric voltage, current, power, etc.
Mixed mode building: Buildings that use mixed mode ventilation, i.e. natural ventilation is employed
as the primary mode of ventilating the building and, air conditioning is deployed as and when required.
Mixed use development: a single building or a group of buildings housing a combination of residential,
commercial, business, educational, hospitality and assembly uses
Multifamily high-rise: multifamily structures of four or more stories above grade
Multifamily low-rise: multifamily structures of three or less stories above grade
Naturally ventilated building: A building that does not use mechanical equipment to supply air to and
exhaust air from indoor spaces. It is primarily ventilated by drawing and expelling air through operable
openings in the building envelope.
Non-automatic: See manual.
Occupant sensor: a device that detects the presence or absence of people within an area and causes
lighting, equipment, or appliances to be regulated accordingly.
Opaque: all areas in the building envelope, except fenestration and building service openings such as
vents and grilles.
Orientation: the direction an envelope element faces, i.e., the direction of a vector perpendicular to and
pointing away from the surface outside of the element. For vertical fenestration, the two categories are
north-oriented and all other.
Outdoor (outside) air: air that is outside the building envelope or is taken from the outside the
building that has not been previously circulated through the building.
Overcurrent: any current in excess of the rated current of the equipment of the ampacity of the
conductor. It may result from overload, short circuit, or ground fault.
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner (PTAC): a factory-selected wall sleeve and separate unencased
combination of heating and cooling components, assemblies, or sections. It may include heating
capability by hot water, steam, or electricity, and is intended for mounting through the wall to service a
single room or zone.
Party wall: a firewall on an interior lot line used or adapted for joint service between two buildings.
Permanently installed: equipment that is fixed in place and is not portable or movable.
Plenum: a compartment or chamber to which one or more ducts are connected, that forms a part of the
air distribution system, and that is not used for occupancy or storage. A plenum often is formed in part
or in total by portions for the building.
Pool: any structure, basin, or tank containing an artificial body of water for swimming, diving, or
recreational bathing. The terms include, but no limited to, swimming pool, whirlpool, spa, hot tub.
Precision air conditioners: air conditioning equipment that provides precision cooling by maintaining
space temperature and humidity within a narrow range. Major application is in data centers where
dissipating heat generated by equipment takes precedence over comfort cooling for occupants.
Process load: the load on a building resulting form the consumption or release of process energy.
Projection factor, overhang: the ratio of the horizontal depth of the external shading projection
divided by the sum of the height of the fenestration and the distance from the top of the fenestration to
the bottom of the farthest point of the external shading projection, in consistent units.
H
V
Projection Factor = H / V
Projection factor, sidefin: the ratio of the horizontal depth of the external shading projection divided
by the distance from the window jamb to the farthest point of the external shading projection, in
consistent units.
R-value (thermal resistance): the reciprocal of the time rate of heat flow through a unit area induced
by a unit temperature difference between two defined surfaces of material or construction under steady-
state conditions. Units of R value are m2-C/W. For the prescriptive building envelope option, R-value is
for the insulation alone and does not include building materials or air films.
Readily accessible: capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal, or inspections without
requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to
portable ladders, chairs, etc. In public facilities, accessibility may be limited to certified personnel through
locking covers or by placing equipment in locked rooms.
Recirculating system: a domestic or service hot water distribution system that includes a close
circulation circuit designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot water pipes near terminal devices
(e.g., lavatory faucets, shower heads) in order to reduce the time required to obtain hot water when the
terminal device valve is opened. The motive force for circulation is either natural (due to water density
variations with temperature) or mechanical (recirculation pump).
Reflectance: the ratio of the light reflected by a surface to the light incident upon it

Resistance, electric: the property of an electric circuit or of any object used as part of an electric
circuit that determines for a given circuit the rate at which electric energy is converted into heat or
radiant energy and that has a value such that the product of the resistance and the square of the current
gives the rate of conversion of energy
Reset: automatic adjustment of the controller set point to a higher or lower value
Residential: spaces in buildings used primarily for living and sleeping. Residential spaces include, but
are not limited to, dwelling units, hotel/motel guest rooms, dormitories, nursing homes, patient rooms in
hospitals, lodging houses, fraternity/sorority houses, hostels, prisons, and fire stations.
Roof: the upper portion of the building envelope, including opaque areas and fenestration, that is
horizontal or tilted at an angle of less than 60 from horizontal
Roof area, gross: the area of the roof measured from the exterior faces of walls or from the centerline
of party walls
Service: the equipment for delivering energy from the supply or distribution system to the premises
served
Service water heating: heating water for domestic or commercial purposes other than space heating
and process requirements
Set point: point at which the desired temperature (C) of the heated or cooled space is set
Shading Coefficient (SC): the ratio of solar heat gain at normal incidence through glazing to that
occurring through 3 mm thick clear, double-strength glass. Shading coefficient, as used herein, does not
include interior, exterior, or integral shading devices
Shading Efficiency Factor: Coefficient for calculating effective SHGC of fenestrations shaded by
overhangs or fins
Simulation program: a computer program that is capable of simulating the energy performance of
building systems
Single-zone system: an HVAC system serving a single HVAC zone
Site-recovered energy: waste energy recovered at the building site that is used to offset consumption
of purchased fuel or electrical energy supplies
slab-on-grade floor: that portion of a slab floor of the building envelope that is in contact with ground
and that is either above grade or is less than or equal to 300 mm below the final elevation of the nearest
exterior grade
Solar energy source: source of thermal, chemical, or electrical energy derived from direction
conversion of incident solar radiation at the building site.
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC): the ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the
fenestration area to the incident solar radiation. Solar heat gain includes directly transmitted solar heat
and absorbed solar radiation, which is then reradiated, conducted, or convected into the space.
Solar zone: area dedicated for installation of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems either om
rooftop or elsewhere within site boundary
Space: an enclosed space within a building. The classifications of spaces are as follows for the purpose
of determining building envelope requirements.
(a) Conditioned space: a cooled space, heated space, or directly conditioned space.
(b) Semi-heated space: an enclosed space within a building that is heated by a heating system
whose output capacity is greater or equal to 10.7 W/m2 of floor area but is not a conditioned
space.
(c) Non conditioned space: An enclosed space within a building that is not conditioned space or a
semi-heated space. Crawlspaces, attics, and parking garages with natural or mechanical
ventilation are not considered enclosed spaces.
Story: portion of a building that is between one finished floor level and the next higher finished floor
level or the roof, provided, however, that a basement or cellar shall not be considered a story.
Super EE building: Code compliant building with efficiency greater than that of ECBC and EE buildings.
It is a voluntary level of compliance with ECBC.
System: a combination of equipment and auxiliary devices (e.g., controls, accessories, interconnecting
means, and terminal elements) by which energy is transformed so it performs a specific function such as
HVAC, service water heating, or lighting.
System, existing: a system or systems previously installed in an existing building.
Terminal: a device by which energy form a system is finally delivered, e.g., registers, diffusers, lighting
fixtures, faucets, etc.
Thermal block: a collection of one or more HVAC zones grouped together for simulation purposes.
Spaces need not be contiguous to be combined within a single thermal block.
Thermostat: an automatic control device used to maintain temperature at a fixed or adjustable set
point.
Tinted: (as applied to fenestration) bronze, green, or grey coloring that is integral with the glazing
material. Tinting does not include surface applied films such as reflective coatings, applied either in the
field or during the manufacturing process.
Transformer: a piece of electrical equipment used to convert electric power from one voltage to
another voltage
Useful Daylight Illuminance: daylight that falls on the work plane level with illuminance in the range
of 100 lux to 2,000 lux. It is the minimal glare, most useful daylight for occupants.
U-factor (Thermal Transmittance): heat transmission in unit time through unit area of a material or
construction and the boundary air films, induced by unit temperature difference between the
environments on each side. Unit of U value is W/m2-oC.
Variable Air Volume (VAV) system: HVAC system that controls the dry-bulb temperature within a
space by varying the volumetric flow of heated or cooled supply air to the space
Vent damper: a device intended for installation in the venting system or an individual, automatically
operated, fossil fuel-fired appliance in the outlet or downstream of the appliance draft control device,
which is designed to automatically open the venting system when the appliance is in operation and to
automatically close off the venting system when the appliance is in standby or shutdown condition.
Ventilation: the process of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from any
space. Such air is not required to have been conditioned.
Wall: that portion of the building envelope, including opaque area and fenestration, that is vertical or
tilted at an angle of 60 from horizontal or greater. This includes above- and below-grade walls, between
floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, and foundation walls.
(a) wall, above grade: a wall that is not below grade

(b) wall, below grade: that portion of a wall in the building envelope that is entirely below the finish
grade and in contact with the ground

Wall area, gross: the overall area off a wall including openings such as windows and doors, measured
horizontally from outside surface to outside service and measured vertically from the top of the floor to
the top of the roof. If roof insulation is installed at the ceiling level rather than the roof, then the vertical
measurement is made to the top of the ceiling. (Note that Error! Reference source not found. does
ot allow roof insulation to be located on a suspended ceiling with removable ceiling panels.) The gross
wall area includes the area between the ceiling and the floor for multi-story buildings.
Water heater: vessel in which water is heated and is withdrawn for use external to the system.
Zone, HVAC: A space or group of spaces within a building with heating and cooling requirements that
are sufficiently similar so that desired conditions (e.g., temperature) can be maintained throughout using
a single sensor (e.g., thermostat or temperature sensor).
8.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms

AFUE Annual fuel utilization efficiency
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ARI Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BIS Bureau of Indian Standards
Btu British thermal unit
Btu/h British thermal units per hour
Btu/h-ft -F
2
British thermal units per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit
C Celsius
cfm cubic feet per minute
cm centimeter
COP coefficient of performance
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
EER energy efficiency ratio
EF energy factor
EPI energy performance index
F Fahrenheit
ft foot
h hour
HC heat capacity
2
h-ft -F/Btu hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit per British thermal unit
h-m -C/W
2
hour per square meter per degree Celsius per Watt
hp horsepower
HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
I-P inch-pound
in. inch
IPLV integrated part-load value
kVA kilovolt-ampere
kW kilowatt
kW R
kilowatt of refrigeration
kWh kilowatt-hour
l/s liter per second
LE luminous efficacy
lin linear
lin ft linear foot
lin m linear meter
lm lumens
Lm/W lumens per watt
LPD lighting power density
m meter
mm millimeter

m2 square meter
m2 C/W square meter degree Celsius per watt
PF projection factor
PTAC packaged terminal air conditioner
R R-value (thermal resistance)
SC shading coefficient
SHGC solar heat gain coefficient
SL standby loss
TR tons of refrigeration
UPS uninterruptible power supply
VAV variable air volume
VLT visible light transmission
W watt
W/ft2 watts per square feet
W/m2 watts per square meter
W/m -C
2
watts per square meter per degree Celsius
W/m 2
watts per hour per square meter
W/m-C watts per lineal meter per degree Celsius
2
W/m -C watts per hour per square meter per degree Celsius
Wh watthour
8.4 SI to IP Conversion Factors

SI Unit IP Unit
1m 3.28 ft
1m 39.37 in
1mm 0.039 in
1 l/s 2.12 cfm
1 m2 10.76 ft2
1 W/m2 10.76 W/ ft2
1 W/ lin m 3.28 W/ ft
1 W/m2 - C 5.678 Btu/ h-ft2-F
1 m2 C/W 0.1761 ft2-h-F/ Btu
1 C ((C X 9/5) + 32) F
1 kW R 0.284 TR
1 kW 1.34 hp
1 kW 3412.142 Btu/hr

Appendix B: Whole Building Performance Method
9. Appendix B: Whole Building Performance Method
9.1 General
9.1.1 Scope
The whole building performance method is an alternative to the prescriptive requirements contained in
0 through 7 of this standard. It applies for all building types covered by the standard.
9.1.2 Compliance
A building complies with the whole building performance method when the estimated annual energy use
of the proposed design is less than the baseline design, even though it may not comply with the specific
requirements of the prescriptive requirements in 4 trough 7. The mandatory requirements of 4
through 7 ( 4.2, 5.2, 6.2, and 7.2) shall be satisfied with the whole building performance
method.
9.1.3 Annual Energy Use

Annual energy use for the purposes of the whole building performance method shall be calculated in
kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity use per year. Energy sources other than electricity which are used is
used in the building shall be converted to kWh of electric energy at the rate of 0.75 kWh per mega Joule.
Note: The Annual Energy Use calculation as per the Whole Building performance method is not a
prediction of the actual energy use of the building once it gets operational. Actual energy performance of
a building depends on a number of factors like weather, occupant behavior, equipment performance and
maintenance etc. which are not covered by this Code.
9.1.4 Trade-offs Limited to Building Permit

The whole building performance method may be used for building permit applications that include less
than the whole building; however, any design parameters that are not part of the building permit
application shall be identical for both the proposed design and the baseline design. Future improvements
to the building shall comply with both the mandatory and prescriptive requirements of concurrent code.
9.1.5 Documentation Requirements

Compliance shall be documented and submitted to the authority having jurisdiction. The information
submitted shall include, at a minimum, the following:
(a) Summary describing the results of the analysis including the annual energy use for the proposed
design and the baseline design, and software used.
(b) Brief description of the project with location, number of stories, space types, conditioned and
unconditioned areas, hours of operation.
(c) List of the energy-related building features of the proposed design. This list shall also document
features different from the baseline design.
(d) List showing compliance with the mandatory requirements of this code.
(e) The input and output report(s) from the simulation program including a breakdown of energy
usage by at least the following components: lights, internal equipment loads, service water
heating equipment, space heating equipment, space cooling and heat rejection equipment, fans,
and other HVAC equipment (such as pumps). The output reports shall also show the amount of
time any loads are not met by the HVAC system for both the proposed design and baseline
design.
(f) Explanation of any significant modeling assumptions made.
(g) Explanation of any error messages noted in the simulation program output.
(h) Building floor plans, building elevations and site plan

9.2 Simulation General Requirements
9.2.1 Energy Simulation Program
The simulation program shall be a computer-based program for the analysis of energy consumption in
buildings and be approved by the authority having jurisdiction. The simulation program shall, at a
minimum, have the ability to explicitly model the following:
(a) Energy flows on an hourly basis for all 8,760 hours in the year,
(b) Hourly variations in occupancy, lighting power, miscellaneous equipment power, thermostat
setpoints, and HVAC system operation, defined separately for each day of the week and holidays,
(c) Thermal mass effects,
(d) Ten or more thermal zones,
(e) Part-load and temperature dependent performance of heating and cooling equipment,
(f) Air-side and water-side economizers with integrated control, and
(g) All of the baseline design characteristics specified in this chapter.
In addition to the above, the simulation tool shall be able to produce hourly reports of energy use by
energy source and shall be capable of performing design load calculations to determine required HVAC
equipment capacities, air and water flow rates in accordance with 5 for both the proposed and baseline
building designs.
The simulation program shall be tested according to Standard 140 and the results shall be furnished by
the software provider.
9.2.2 Climatic Data
The simulation program shall use hourly values of climatic data, such as temperature and humidity from
representative climatic data, for the city in which the proposed design is to be located. For cities or urban
regions with several climatic data entries, and for locations where weather data are not available, the
designer shall select available weather data that best represent the climate at the construction site.
9.2.3 Compliance Calculations

The proposed design and baseline design shall be calculated using the following:
(a) Same simulation program,

(b) Same weather data, and
(c) Same building operation assumptions (thermostat setpoints, schedules, internal gains, occupant
loads, etc.) unless an exception is allowed by this code/ authority having jurisdiction for the
respective category.

9.3 Calculating the Energy Consumption of the Proposed Design and the Baseline
Design
9.3.1 Energy Simulation Model
The simulation model for calculating the proposed design and the baseline design shall be developed in
accordance with the requirements in Table 9.1.
9.3.2 HVAC Systems

The HVAC system type and related performance parameters for the baseline design shall be determined
from Table 9.1 and the following rules:
Other Components: Components and parameters not listed in
Table 9.2 HVAC Systems Map
(a) or otherwise specifically addressed in this subsection shall be identical to those in the proposed
design.
Exception to 9.3.2(a): Where there are specific requirements in 5.2.2, the component
efficiency in the standard design shall be adjusted to the lowest efficiency level allowed by the
requirement for that component type.
(b) All HVAC and service water heating equipment in the baseline design shall be modeled at the
minimum efficiency levels, both part load and full load, in accordance with 5.2.2.
(c) Where efficiency ratings, such as EER and COP, include fan energy, the descriptor shall be
broken down into its components so that supply fan energy can be modeled separately.
(d) Minimum outdoor air ventilation rates shall be the same for both the baseline design and the
proposed design.
(e) The equipment capacities for the baseline design shall be sized proportionally to the capacities in
the proposed design based on sizing runs; i.e., the ratio between the capacities used in the
annual simulations and the capacities determined by the sizing runs shall be the same for both
the proposed design and baseline design. Unmet load hours for the proposed design shall not
differ from unmet load hours for the standard design by more than 50 hours. Maximum number
of unmet hours shall not exceed 300 for either case.

Table 9.1 Modeling Requirements for Calculating Proposed and Baseline Design
Case Proposed Building Baseline Design

1. Design Model (a) The simulation model of the proposed design shall be The baseline design shall be developed by
consistent with the design documents, including proper modifying the proposed design as described in
accounting of fenestration and opaque envelope types and this table. Except as specifically instructed in
area; interior lighting power and controls; HVAC system this table, all building systems and equipment
types, sizes, and controls; and service water heating shall be modeled identically in the baseline
systems and controls. design and proposed design.
(b) When the whole building performance method is applied
to buildings in which energy-related features have not yet
been designed (e.g., a lighting system), those yet-to-be-
designed features shall be described in the proposed design
so that they minimally comply with applicable mandatory and
prescriptive requirements from 0 through 7.
2. Space Use The building type or space type classifications shall be Same as proposed design.
Classification chosen in accordance with 6.3.2 or 6.3.3. More than one
building type category may be used in a building if it is a
mixed-use facility.
3. Schedules Standardized schedules (hourly variations in occupancy, Same as proposed design.
lighting power, equipment power, temperature set points, Exception: Schedules may be allowed to differ
HVAC equipment operation etc.) as per Appendix 15, shall between the Baseline and Proposed models
be modeled for showing compliance. wherever it is necessary to model
nonstandard efficiency measures and/or
measures which can be best approximated by
a change in schedule. Measures that may
warrant a change in operating schedules
include but are not limited to automatic
controls for lighting, natural ventilation,
demand controlled ventilation systems,
controls for service water heating load
reduction. Schedule change is not allowed for
manual controls under any category. This is
subject to approval by the authority having
jurisdiction.
4. Building Envelope All components of the building envelope in the proposed The baseline design shall have identical
design shall be modeled as shown on architectural drawings conditioned floor area and identical exterior
or as installed for existing building envelopes. dimensions and orientations as the proposed
Exceptions: The following building elements are permitted to design, except as noted in (a), (b), (c), and (d)
differ from architectural drawings. below.
(a) Any envelope assembly that covers less than 5% of the (a) Orientation. The baseline building
total area of that assembly type (e.g., exterior walls) need performance shall be generated by simulating
not be separately described. If not separately described, the the building with its actual orientation and
area of an envelope assembly must be added to the area of again after rotating the entire building 90, 180,
the adjacent assembly of that same type. 270 degrees, then averaging the results. The
building shall be modeled so that it does not
(b) Exterior surfaces whose azimuth orientation and tilt differ shade itself.
by no more than 45 degrees and are otherwise the same
may be described as either a single surface or by using (b) Opaque assemblies such as roof, floors,
multipliers. doors, and walls shall be modeled as having
the same heat capacity as the proposed
(c) For exterior roofs other than roofs with ventilated attics, design but with the minimum U-factor required
the reflectance and emittance of the roof surface shall be in 4.3.1 and 4.3.2Error! Reference
modeled. The reflectance and emittance shall be tested in ource not found..
accordance with 4.3.1.1.
(c) Fenestration Fenestration areas shall
(d) Manually operated fenestration shading devices such as equal that in the proposed design or 40% of
blinds or shades shall not be modeled. Permanent shading gross above grade wall area, whichever is
devices such as fins, overhangs, and light shelves shall be smaller, and shall be distributed on each face
modeled. in the same proportions as in the proposed
design. No shading projections are to be
modeled; fenestration shall be assumed to be
flush with the exterior wall or roof. Manually
operated fenestration shading devices such as
blinds or shades shall not be modeled.
Fenestration U-factor shall be the minimum
required for the climate, and the solar heat
gain coefficient shall be the maximum allowed
for the climate and orientation.
(d) Roof albedo. All roof surfaces shall be
modeled with a reflectivity of 0.30
5. Lighting Lighting power in the proposed design shall be determined Lighting power in the baseline design shall be
as follows: determined using the same categorization
(a) Where a complete lighting system exists, the actual procedure (building area or space function)
lighting power shall be used in the model. and categories as the proposed design with
(b) Where a lighting system has been designed, lighting lighting power set equal to the maximum
power shall be determined in accordance with either 6.3.2 allowed for the corresponding method and
or 6.3.3. category in either 6.3.2 or 6.3.3 . Power for
fixtures not included in the lighting power
(c) Where no lighting exists or is specified, lighting power density calculation shall be modeled
shall be determined in accordance with the 6.3.2Error! identically in the proposed design and
eference source not found. for the appropriate building baseline design. Lighting controls shall be the
type. minimum required.
(d) Lighting system power shall include all lighting system
components shown or provided for on plans (including
lamps, ballasts, task fixtures, and furniture-mounted fixtures).
6. HVAC Systems The HVAC system type and all related performance The HVAC system type and related
parameters, such as equipment capacities and efficiencies, performance parameters for the standard
in the proposed design shall be determined as follows: design shall be determined from Table 9.3.2.
(a) Where a complete HVAC system exists, the model shall Equipment performance shall meet the
reflect the actual system type using actual component requirements of 5.
capacities and efficiencies.
(b) Where an HVAC system has been designed, the HVAC
model shall be consistent with design documents.
Mechanical equipment efficiencies shall be adjusted from
actual design conditions to the standard rating conditions
specified in 5, if required by the simulation model.
(c) Where no heating system exists or no heating system
has been specified, the heating system shall be assumed to
be electric. The system characteristics shall be identical to
the system modeled in the standard design.
(d) Where no cooling system exists or no cooling system has
been specified, the cooling system and its characteristics
shall be identical to the system modeled in the baseline
design.
7. Service Hot The service hot water system type and all related The water heating system shall be of the
Water performance parameters, such as equipment capacities and same type of the proposed design.
efficiencies, in the proposed design shall be determined as For residential facilities, hotels and hospitals
follows: the standard design shall have a solar system
(a) Where a complete service hot water system exists, the capable of meeting 20% of the design load.
model shall reflect the actual system type using actual Systems shall meet the efficiency
component capacities and efficiencies. requirements of 5.2.10.2, the pipe insulation
(b) Where a service hot water system has been designed, requirements of 5.2.10.4 and incorporate
the service hot water model shall be consistent with design heat traps in accordance with 5.2.10.5Error!
documents. eference source not found..
(c) Where no service hot water system exists or is specified,
no service hot water heating shall be modeled.
8. Miscellaneous Receptacle, motor, and process loads shall be modeled and Receptacle, motor and process loads shall be
Loads estimated based on the building type or space type category. modeled the same as the proposed design.
These loads shall be included in simulations of the building The water heating system shall be of the
and shall be included when calculating the baseline design same type of the proposed design.
and proposed design. All end-use load components within
and associated with the building shall be modeled, unless
specifically excluded, but not limited to, exhaust fans,
parking garage ventilation fans, exterior building lighting,
swimming pool heaters and pumps, elevators and
escalators, refrigeration equipment, and cooking equipment.
9. Daylight The simulation program shall use hourly values of climatic Same as proposed design.
data such as direct normal radiation, diffuse horizontal
radiation, cloud cover from representative climatic data, for
the city in which the proposed design is to be located. for
cities or urban regions with several climatic data entries, and
for locations where weather data are not available, the
designer shall select available weather data that best
represents the climate at the construction site.
The period of analysis shall be fixed for 10 hours per day i.e.
from 08:00 AM to 06:00 PM local time, which results in 3650
hours for all building types covered by the standard except
for school buildings 08:00 AM to 03:00 PM is to be used.
Windows and Skylight shall be modelled with actual visible

light transmission as per the details provided in the material
specification sheet

UDI measures availability of useful daylight across a space

based on the point-by-point grid values and shall be
calculated for at least one point each square meter of floor
area. A maximum 1m2 grid must be overlaid over the floor
plan at a height of 0.9m above finished floor or above the
highest regular task level to determine these points.
Surrounding/nearby buildings, structure, trees etc. which are

in direct line of view of each major facade while doing the
UDI calculation shall be modeled. A reflectance of 30% must
be taken for all vertical surfaces if the reflectance of surface
is not known.
Interior surface reflectance shall be modelled based on the

material specification, or if not known, use the following
default values
(a) Wall or Vertical Internal Surfaces reflectance: 50%
(b) Ceiling Reflectance: 70%
(c) Floor Reflectance: 20%
(d) Furniture Reflectance: 50%
9. Modeling If the simulation program cannot model a component or Same as proposed design.
Limitations to the system included in the proposed design, one of the following
Simulation Program methods shall be used with the approval of the authority
having jurisdiction:
(a) Ignore the component if the energy impact on the trade-
offs being considered is not significant.
(b) Model the component substituting a thermodynamically
similar component model.
(c) Model the HVAC system components or systems using
the baseline designs HVAC system in accordance with
Section 6 of this table.
Whichever method is selected, the component shall be
modeled identically for both the proposed design and
baseline design models.
Table 9.2 HVAC Systems Map
Code System Fan Cooling Heating type

type control type
Guestrooms System Split AC Constant Direct 1. Electric resistance where
(hotels, motels, A Volume expansion - no heating system exists, or,
resorts), Hospital - no heating system has been specified, or,
Residential
in patient area - a heating system exists and an electric heating

system has been specified in the proposed
building design
2. Fossil Fuel Boiler where
- a heating system exists and a fossil fuel hot
water boiler has been specified in the proposed
building design
Less than 7,500 System VRF : Constant Direct 1. Heat Pump where
m B Variable volume expansion - no heating system exists, or,
Refrigerant - no heating system has been specified, or,
Flow - heating system exists and an electric heating
system has been specified in the proposed
building design
2. Fossil Fuel Boiler where
- heating system exists and a fossil fuel hot
building design
7,500 to 15,000 System CAV : Constant Chilled 1. Electric resistance where
m C Central volume Water - no heating system exists, or,
cooling plant - no heating system has been specified, or,
with - a heating system exists and an electric heating
constant system has been specified in the proposed
Non Residential
volume AHU building design

for each 2. Fossil Fuel Boiler where
zone - a heating system exists and a fossil fuel hot
building design
More than 15,000 System VAV : Variable Chilled 1. Electric resistance where
m D Central volume Water - no heating system exists, or,
cooling plant - no heating system has been specified, or,
with variable - a heating system exists and an electric heating
volume AHU system has been specified in the proposed
for each building design
zone 2. Fossil Fuel Boiler where
- a heating system exists and a fossil fuel hot
building design
Data centre/ System PAC : Constant Direct NA
server/computer E Precision air volume Expansion
rooms conditioners
Notes:
Residential building types include Hotels, Motels, Hostels/dormitories and multifamily/serviced apartments. Residential space
types include Hospital patient rooms, Hotel guest rooms and Resorts/Villas, sleeping quarters. Other building and space types are
considered Non Residential.
If the proposed building has an air cooled chiller/system then the budget building shall have air cooled chiller otherwise the budget
case shall have water cooled chillers. If the building has a mix of air and water cooled chillers then the baseline building shall have a
mix of air and water cooled chillers in the same proportion as the proposed design building. However, this clause applies only for
minimum ECBC compliance. EE and Super EE buildings are not allowed to have air cooled Chillers in the standard building design
under any circumstances.
Where attributes make a building eligible for more than one system type; use the predominant condition to determine the baseline
system type except as noted in Exemption XXXX.

Appendix C: Default Values for Typical Constructions
10. Appendix C: Default Values for Typical Constructions
10.1 Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U-Factor and Solar Heat Gain
Coefficient
4.2.1.1 and 4.2.1.2 require that U-factors and solar heat gain coefficients (SHGC) be determined for
the overall fenestration product (including the sash and frame) in accordance with ISO 15099. The
building envelope trade-off option in 0 requires the use of visible light transmittance (VLT).
In several cases, ISO 15099 suggests that individual national standards will need to be more specific and
in other cases the ISO document gives users the choice of two options. This section clarifies these
specific issues as they are to be implemented for this code:
(a) 4.1: For calculating the overall U-factor, ISO 15099 offers a choice between the linear thermal
transmittance (4.1.2) and the area weighted method (4.1.3). The area weighted method (4.1.3)
shall be used.
(b) 4.2.2: Frame and divider SHGCs shall be calculated in accordance with 4.2.2. The alternate
approach in 8.6 shall not be used.
(c) 6.4 refers the issue of material properties to national standards. Material conductivities and
emissivity shall be determined in accordance with Indian standards.
(d) 7 on shading systems is currently excluded.
(e) 8.2 addresses environmental conditions. The following are defined for India:
For U-factor calculations:
Tin = 24 C
Tout = 32 C
V = 3.35 m/s
Trm,out=Tout
Trm,in=Tin
Is=0 W/m2
For SHGC calculations:

Tin = 24 C
Tout = 32 C
V = 2.75 m/s
Trm,out=Tout
Trm,in=Tin
Is=783 W/m2
(f) 8.3 addresses convective film coefficients on the interior and exterior of the window product.
In 8.3.1, simulations shall use the heat transfer coefficient based on the center of glass
temperature and the entire window height; this film coefficient shall be used on all indoor
surfaces, including frame sections. In 8.3.2, the formula from this section shall be applied to all
outdoor exposed surfaces.
(g) 8.4.2 presents two possible approaches for incorporating the impacts of self-viewing surfaces
on interior radiative heat transfer calculations. Products shall use the method in 8.4.2.1 (Two-
Dimensional Element to Element View Factor Based Radiation Heat Transfer Calculation). The
alternate approach in 8.4.3 shall not be used.
10.2 Default U-Factors and Solar Heat Gain Coefficients for Unrated Fenestration
Products
All fenestration with U-factors, SHGC, or visible light transmittance determined, certified, and labeled in
accordance ISO 15099 shall be assigned those values.
10.2.1 Unrated Vertical Fenestration.

Unlabeled vertical fenestration, both operable and fixed, shall be assigned the U-factors, SHGCs, and
visible light transmittances in Table 10.2.1.
Table 10.1 Defaults for Unrated Vertical Fenestration (Overall Assembly including the Sash and Frame)
Clear Glass Tinted Glass
Frame Type Glazing U-Factor U-Factor

Type (W/m2-oC) SHGC VLT (W/m2-oC) SHGC VLT
All frame types Single

Glazing 7.1 0.82 0.76 7.1 0.70 0.58
Wood, vinyl, or
fiberglass Double
frame Glazing 3.3 0.59 0.64 3.4 0.42 0.39
Metal and
other frame Double
type Glazing 5.1 0.68 0.66 5.1 0.50 0.40
10.2.2 Unrated Sloped Glazing and Skylights

Unrated sloped glazing and skylights, both operable and fixed, shall be assigned the SHGCs and visible
light transmittances in Table 10.2.1. To determine the default U-factor for unrated sloped glazing and
skylights without a curb, multiply the values in Table 10.2.1 by 1.2. To determine the default U-factor for
unrated skylights on a curb, multiply the values in Table 10.2.1 by 1.6.
10.3 Typical Roof Constructions

For calculating the overall U-factor of a typical roof construction, the U-factors from the typical wall
construction type and effective U-factor for insulation shall be combined according to the following
equation:
1
U TotalRoof
1 1

U TypicalRoof U TyipcalInsulation
where
UTotalRoof Total U-factor of the roof with insulation
UTypical Roof U-factor of the roof
UTypical Insulation U-factor of the effective insulation from Table 10.2

Table 10.2 Defaults for Effective U-factor for Exterior Insulation Layers
Thickness R-value U-factor

(W/m-K)
15 mm (0.5) 0.70 (4) 1.420

20 mm (0.75) 1.06 (6) 0.946
25 mm (1.0) 1.41 (8) 0.710
40 mm (1.5) 2.11 (12) 0.568
50 mm (2.0) 2.82 (16) 0.406
65 mm (2.5) 3.52 (20) 0.284
75 mm (3.0) 3.70 (21) 0.270
Also Super EE Appendix for default thermal properties of building materials.
10.4 Typical Wall Constructions

For calculating the overall U-factor of a typical wall construction, the U-factors from the typical wall
construction type and effective U-factor for insulation shall be combined according to the following
equation:
1
U TotalWall
1 1

U TypicalWall U TyipcalInsulation
where
UTotalWall Total U-factor of the wall with insulation
UTypical Wall U-factor of the wall
UTypical Insulation U-factor of the effective insulation from Table 10.3 or Error! Reference source
not found.
Table 10.3 Defaults for Effective U-factor for Exterior Insulation Layers
Thickness R-value U-factor

(W/m-C)
15 mm (0.5) 0.70 (4) 1.262
20 mm (0.75) 1.06 (6) 0.874
25 mm (1.0) 1.41 (8) 0.668
40 mm (1.5) 2.11 (12) 0.454
50 mm (2.0) 2.82 (16) 0.344
65 mm (2.5) 3.52 (20) 0.277
75 mm (3.0) 3.70 (21) 0.264
Table 10.4 Typical Thermal Properties of Common Building and Insulating Materials 2
Name Form Density kg/m Thermal Specific Heat

Conductivity MJ/mC
W/(mC)
Acrylic Sheet Board 1145 0.2174 1.5839
Armor Insulation 270 0.0678 0.1578
Asbestos Cement Board Board 1404 0.4709 0.7218
Asbestos Sheet -Shera Board 1377 0.5128 1.2043
Autodaved Aerated Concrete Block Block 642 0.1839 0.794

(AAC)
Bamboo Wood 913 0.1959 0.6351
Brass Metal 8500 106.48 11.1164
Calcium Silicate Board Board 1016 0.281 0.8637
Composite Marble Stone 3146 2.44 2.1398
Cement Board Board 1340 0.4384 0.8113
Cement Bonded Particle Board Board 1251 0.3275 1.1948
Ceramic Fiber Blanket Insulation 128 0.0491 0.1093
Cement Fiber Board 1276 0.388 0.8973

Board
Cement Plaster 278 1.208 0.9719
Cement Powder Powder 1070 0.1137 0.7943
Ceramic Blue Tile Tile 2707 1.372 1.2082
Ceramic Frit Glass Glass 2520 0.6882 0.7859
Ceramic Tile - Bathroom Tile 2549 0.8018 1.6168
Ceramic Tile Tile 2700 1.5996 1.1438
Chile Wood Wood 362 0.1422 0.4102
Chitodio Stone 3209 3.7512 2.1223
Clay Tile Tile 2531 0.6323 1.4253
Float Glass/ Clear Glass Glass 2477 1.0522 1.9654
Concrete Block 25/50 Block 2427 1.3957 0.4751
Concrete Block 30/60 Block 2349 1.4107 0.7013
Corian Board 1750 1.012 2.0921
Crystal White Tile Tile 2390 1.5094 1.9427
Dholpuri Stone Stone 2262 3.084 1.583
2
Thermo-Physical-Optical Property Database of Construction Materials, U.S.- India Joint Center for Building Energy Research and
Development (CBERD) and Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).


Conductivity MJ/mC
W/(mC)
Distilled Water Water 1000 0.6134 3.8165
Engineered Wood Floor Tiles Tile 571 0.2527 1.423
Extruded Polystyrene XPS Insulation 30 0.0321 0.0374
Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP ) Board 1183 0.2252 1.693
Fire Brick Brick 2049 1.2729 1.2887
Floor Board Board 954 0.2654 1.1423
Foam Cement Block Block 581 0.1588 0.5359
Ghana Teak Wood Wood 529 0.2062 0.5769
Glasswool Insulation 49 0.0351 0.0339
Black Fine Granite Stone 3535 2.4351 2.2511
Black Coarse Granite Stone 3473 2.5433 2.1996
Green Marble Stone 2650 2.372 2.5275
Green Rockwool Insulation 96 0.045 0.1089
Gypsum Board Board 623 0.2527 0.6033
Gypsum Powder Powder 588 0.202 1.1918
Gypsum Powder from Board Powder 542 0.1033 0.626
Italian Black Granite Stone 2911 2.3636 2.2349
Italian Marble Stone 2630 2.7752 2.1869
Jaisalmer Yellow Stone Stone 3006 2.7447 2.0954
Jalore Stone 2982 3.4412 1.9617
Kota Stone Stone 3102 3.0229 2.0732
Laminated Particle Board Board 656 0.1841 1.2621
Lime Powder Powder 607 0.1286 0.7078
Mangalore Roof Tile Tile - Roof 2531 0.6051 1.2809
Ambaji Marble Stone 3128 2.8108 2.1943
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) Board 133 0.2045 0.961
Melamine Fiberboard Board 807 0.2459 0.6509
Mild Steel (MS) Metal 7823 44.117 4.1896
Mineral Fiber - Celling Board 364 0.071 0.3222
Mineral Fiber - Plain Board 773 0.2739 0.6427


Conductivity MJ/mC
W/(mC)
Oak Laminated Floor Tiles Tile 949 0.2652 1.3389
Concrete Paver Tiles Tile 2210 1.7248 1.3413
Paver Tile Tile 2612 1.4763 1.2737
Plain & Prelaminated Particle Board Board 902 0.271 0.974
Plaster of Paris (POP) Powder Powder 1000 0.1353 0.9526
Plywood Board 697 0.221 0.7258
Polyisocyanurate (PIR) Insulation 40 0.0364 0.0685
Polymer (Anisotropic) Plastic 1743 0.5027 1.6968
Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Insulation 40 0.0372 0.0704
POP Board Board 1080 0.4994 1.2167
Porcelain Tile Tile 2827 1.5331 1.6259
Pumice Square - Tile 2327 0.9907 0.4382

Bronze Tile
Quartz Stone 2359 3.7603 1.8277
Rajnagar Marble Stone 3332 5.6405 2.777
Rigid Polyurethane Insulation 40 0.0269 0.0766

(40 Kg/m3)
Rigid Polyurethane Insulation 25 0.0384 0.0763
(25 Kg/m3)
Rockwool Insulation 64 0.0461 0.0904
Rubber - Foam Insulation 89 0.0561 0.1486
Rubber Wood Wood 472 0.1679 0.5034
Saag Wood Wood 959 0.2886 1.0258
Sand Powder 1600 0.3075 1.1343
Sandstone Stone 2530 3.0097 1.5957
Serpentine Green Granite Stone 3068 2.1363 2.4484
Soft Board Board 274 0.0943 0.2753
Soft Board-High Density Board 353 0.0983 0.2621
Stainless Steel (SS) Metal 7950 13.5633 3.6351
Steam Beech Wood Wood 241 0.2331 0.5512
Straw Board Board 760 0.2237 0.7098
Teak Wood Wood 665 0.2369 0.8412
Tempered Glass Glass 2500 1.0493 1.9227


Conductivity MJ/mC
W/(mC)
Tinted Glass Glass 2500 1.0428 1.8904
Udaipur Brown Marble Stone 3197 2.921 2.2184
V-Board Board 1191 0.2977 0.8245
Veneered Particle Board Board 788 0.2363 0.7075
Vitrified Tile Tile 2719 1.4786 1.8049
Resource Efficient Bricks (REB) Brick 1520 0.6314 0.9951
Wood Wood 802 0.2652 0.8715
Wood Pattern Chitodio Stone 3126 3.4258 2.2852

Appendix D: Building Envelope Tradeoff Method
11. Appendix D: Building Envelope Tradeoff Method
11.1 Envelope Performance Factor

The envelope performance factor shall be calculated using the following equations.
Equation 11.1: = + +
=
=1

= , + ,
=1 =1

= 1, + 2, + 1,
=1 =1 =1

+ 2, + 1, + 2,
=1 =1 =1

+ 1, + 2, + 1,
=1 =1 =1

+ 2,
=1
EPFRoof Envelope performance factor for roofs. Other subscripts include walls and fenestration.
As, Aw The area of a specific envelope component referenced by the subscript "s" or for
windows the subscript "w".
SHGCw The solar heat gain coefficient for windows (w). SHGC s refers to skylights.
Mw A multiplier for the window SHGC that depends on the projection factor of an overhang
or sidefin.
Us The U-factor for the envelope component referenced by the subscript "s".
cRoof A coefficient for the "Roof" class of construction. Values of "c" are taken from Table 12-1
through Table 12-5 for each class of construction.
Cwall A coefficient for the "Wall"
C1 Fenes A coefficient for the "Fenestration U-value"
C2 Fenes A coefficient for the "Fenestration SHGC"
Values of "C" are taken from Table 11.1 through Table 11.5 for each class of construction.

Table 11.1 Envelope Performance Factor Coefficients Composite Climate
Daytime Occupancy 24 Hour Occupancy

U-factor (W/m2 SHGC U-factor (W/m2 SHGC
C) C)
Mass Walls 6.04 - 10.39 -
Curtain Walls, 7.83 - 10.32 -
Other
Roofs 15.13 - 28.94 -
North Windows 4.31 55.51 3.94 73.39
South Windows 2.65 193.26 4.11 230.08
East Windows 3.78 140.49 5.15 198.87
West Windows 3.38 140.62 4.80 192.80
Table 11.2 Envelope Performance Factor Coefficients Hot Dry Climate

C) C)
Mass Walls 7.91 - 13.30 -
Other
Roofs 15.52 - 31.70 -
North Windows 4.10 76.37 4.46 91.26
South Windows 4.62 229.30 6.95 260.68
East Windows 5.25 187.83 9.92 240.45
West Windows 4.40 186.59 6.89 242.94
Table 11.3 Envelope Performance Factor Coefficients Hot Humid Climate

C) C)
Mass Walls 6.02 - 10.13 -
Other
Roofs 13.95 - 26.31 -
North Windows 2.13 86.35 1.93 101.93
South Windows 2.73 206.55 3.75 226.25
East Windows 3.01 163.94 3.76 202.52
West Windows 2.08 162.34 3.30 190.61
Table 11.4 Envelope Performance Factor Coefficients Moderate Climate

C) C)
Mass Walls 3.18 - 5.61 -
Other
Roofs 11.56 - 22.62 -
North Windows 0.24 72.42 -0.46 89.23
South Windows 0.53 154.17 0.84 190.42
East Windows 1.67 169.76 3.26 230.36
West Windows 0.62 162.81 1.75 224.41
Table 11.5 Envelope Performance Factor Coefficients Cold Climate

C) C)
Mass Walls 12.90 - 17.63 -
Other
Roofs 15.49 - 31.72 -
North Windows 16.89 -52.74 20.09 11.22
South Windows 7.68 20.29 7.68 103.30
East Windows 13.09 -9.39 21.37 203.24
West Windows 13.90 0.92 15.98 87.50
11.2 Baseline Building Definition

The following rules shall be used to define the budget building.
(a) The budget building shall have the same building floor area, gross wall area and gross roof area
as the proposed design. If the building has both 24-hour and daytime occupancies, the
distribution between these shall be the same as the proposed design.
(b) The U-factor of each envelope component shall be equal to the criteria from 4.3 for each class
of construction.
(c) The vertical fenestration area shall be equal to the proposed design or 40% of the gross exterior
wall area, whichever is less. The skylight area shall be equal to the proposed design or 5% of the
gross exterior roof area, whichever is less.
(d) The SHGC of each window or skylight component shall be equal to the criteria from 4.3.

Appendix E: Climate Zone Map of India
12. Appendix E: Climate Zone Map of India

Appendix E: Climate Zone Map of India
Table 12.1Climate Zone for Major Indian Cities
City Climate Type City Climate Type
Ahmedabad Hot & Dry Kurnool Warm & Humid
Allahabad Composite Leh Cold
Amritsar Composite Lucknow Composite
Aurangabad Hot & Dry Ludhiana Composite
Bangalore Temperate Madras Warm & Humid
Barmer Hot & Dry Manali Cold
Belgaum Warm & Humid Mangalore Temperate
Bhagalpur Warm & Humid Mumbai Warm & Humid
Bhopal Composite Nagpur Composite
Bhubaneshwar Warm & Humid Nellore Warm & Humid
Bikaner Hot & Dry New Delhi Composite
Chandigarh Composite Panjim Warm & Humid
Chitradurga Warm & Humid Patna Composite
Dehradun Composite Pune Temperate
Dibrugarh Warm & Humid Raipur Composite
Guwahati Cold Rajkot Composite
Gorakhpur Composite Ramgundam Warm & Humid
Gwalior Composite Ranchi Composite
Hissar Composite Ratnagiri Warm & Humid
Hyderabad Composite Raxaul Warm & Humid
Imphal Warm & Humid Saharanpur Composite
Indore Composite Shillong Warm & Humid
Jabalpur Composite Sholapur Hot & Dry
Jagdelpur Warm & Humid Srinagar Cold
Jaipur Composite Sundernagar Cold
Jaisalmer Hot & Dry Surat Hot & Dry
Jalandhar Composite Tezpur Warm & Humid
Jamnagar Warm & Humid Tiruchirappalli Warm & Humid
Jodhpur Hot & Dry Trivandrum Warm & Humid
Jorhat Warm & Humid Tuticorin Warm & Humid
Kochi Warm & Humid Udhagamandalam Cold
Kolkata Warm & Humid Vadodara Hot & Dry
Kota Hot & Dry Veraval Warm & Humid
Kullu Cold Vishakhapatnam Warm & Humid

Appendix F: Air-Side Economizer Acceptance Procedures Envelope Summary
13. Appendix F: Air-Side Economizer Acceptance Procedures

Envelope Summary
13.1 Construction Inspection

Prior to Performance Testing, verify and document the following:
(a) System controls are wired correctly to ensure economizer is fully integrated (i.e. economizer will
operate when mechanical cooling is enabled).
(b) Economizer lockout control sensor location is adequate (open to air but not exposed to direct
sunlight nor in an enclosure; away from sources of building exhaust; at least 8 m away from
cooling towers).
(c) System is provided with barometric relief, relief fan or return fan to control building pressure.
13.2 Equipment Testing

Step 1: Simulate a cooling load and enable the economizer by adjusting the lockout control setpoint.
Verify and document the following:
(a) Economizer damper modulates opens to 100% outside air.

(b) Return air damper modulates closed and is completely closed when economizer damper is 100%
open.
(c) Economizer damper is 100% open before mechanical cooling is enabled.
(d) Relief fan or return fan (if applicable) is operating or barometric relief dampers freely swing
open.
Step 2: Continue from Step 1 and disable the economizer by adjusting the lockout control setpoint. Verify
and document the following:
(a) Economizer damper closes to minimum ventilation position.

(b) Return air damper opens to at or near 100%.
(c) Relief fan (if applicable) shuts off or barometric relief dampers close. Return fan (if applicable)
may still operate even when economizer is disabled.
Appendix G: Compliance Forms
14. Appendix G: Compliance Forms
14.1 Envelope Summary

Envelope Summary ENVELOPE Summary
2005 India Energy Conservation Building Code Compliance Forms Draft 1, 27 March 2005
Project Info Project Address Date

For Building Department Use
Applicant Name:
Applicant Address:
Applicant Phone:
Project Description New Building Addition Alteration Change of Use
Prescriptive Envelope Trade-Off (Appendix D) Systems Analysis

Compliance Option
Hospital, hotel, call center (24 hour) Other building types (daytime)
Vertical Fenestration Area Total Vertical Fenestration

Area Gross Exterior % Vertical
Calculation (rough opening) divided by Wall Area times 100 equals Fenestration
Note: Vertical fenestration area can not exceed
40% of the gross wall area for prescriptive option.
X 100 =
Skylight Area Calculation Total Skylight Area Gross Exterior

(rough opening) divided by Wall Area times 100 equals % Skylight
Note: Skylight area can not exceed 5% of the gross
roof area for prescriptive compliance. X 100 =
Check here if using this option and if project meets all requirements for the Concrete/Masonry Option. See
Hospital, hotel, call center (24 hour) Other building type (daytime)
OPAQUE ASSEMBLY OPAQUE ASSEMBLY

Roof Minimum Insulation R-value Roof Minimum Insulation R-value
Wall Minimum Insulation R-value Wall Minimum Insulation R-value
FENESTRATION FENESTRATION
Vertical Vertical
Maximum U-factor Maximum U-factor
Maximum SHGC (or SC) Maximum SHGC (or SC)
Overhang (yes or no) Overhang (yes or no)
If yes, enter Projection Factor If yes, enter Projection Factor
Side fins (yes or no) Side fins (yes or no)
If yes, enter Projection Factor If yes, enter Projection Factor
Skylight Skylight
Maximum U-factor Maximum U-factor
Maximum SHGC (or SC) Maximum SHGC (or SC)

14.2 Building Permit Plans Checklist

Building Permit Plans Checklist ENVELOPE Checklist
Project Address Date
The following information is necessary to check a building permit application for compliance with the building envelope requirements in the
2005 India Energy Conservation Building Code.
Applicability Code Location Building Department

(yes, no, n.a.) Section Component Information Required on Plans Notes
MANDATORY PROVISIONS (Section 4.2)
4.2.1 Fenestration rating
4.2.1.1 U-factor Specify whether per 4.2.1.1 or default in Appendix C
4.2.1.2 SHGC Specify whether per 4.2.1.2 or default in Appendix C
4.2.1.3 Air leakage Specify leakage rates
4.2.2 Opaque U-factors Specify whether per default in Appendix C or ASHRAE
4.2.3 Bldg. env. sealing Indicate sealing, caulking, gasketing, and weatherstripping
PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE OPTION (Section 4.3)
4.3.1 Roof Indicate R-values on roof sections
4.3.2 Cool roof Indicate minimum reflectance and emittance on plans
4.3.3 Roof Indicate R-values on wall sections
(1) Indicate U-factors on fenestration schedule. Indicate if

values are rated or default. If values are default, then specify
frame type, glazing layers, gapwidth, low-e.
(2) Indicate SHGC or SC on fenestration schedule. Indicate if
values are rated or default.
(3) Indicate if overhangs or side fins are used for compliance
4.3.4 Vertical fenestration purposes. If so, provide projection factor calculation.
(1) Indicate U-factors on fenestration schedule. Indicate if
values are rated or default. If values are default, then specify
frame type, glazing layers, gapwidth, low-e.
(2) Indicate SHGC or SC on fenestration schedule. Indicate if
4.3.5 Skylights values are rated or default.
BUILDING ENVELOPE TRADE-OFF OPTION (Section 4.4)
Provide calculations
14.3 Mechanical Summary

Mechanical Summary MECHANICAL Summary

For Building Dept. Use
Applicant Name:
Applicant Address: 0
Applicant Phone: 0
Project Description
Briefly describe mechanical
system type and features.
Includes Plans
FALSE
Compliance Option Simple System Complex System Systems Analysis
Equipment Schedules The following information is required to be incorporated with the mechanical equipment schedules on the plans.
For projects without plans, fill in the required information below.
Cooling Equipment Schedule

Equip. Capacity OSA CFM SEER
ID Brand Name Model No. kW Total L/s or Econo? or EER IPLV Location
Heating Equipment Schedule

Equip. Capacity OSA cfm
ID Brand Name Model No. kW Total L/s or Econo? Input kW Output kW Efficiency
Fan Equipment Schedule

Equip.
ID Brand Name Model No. Total L/s SP kW Flow Control Location of Service

14.4 Mechanical Checklist

Mechanical Permit Checklist MECHANICAL Checklist
The following information is necessary to check a building permit application for compliance with the mechanical requirements in the 2005
India Energy Conservation Building Code.

HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING (Chapter 5)
5.2.1 Equipment effficiency Provide equipment schedule with type, capacity, efficiency
5.2.2 Controls
Indicate thermostat with night setback, 3 different day types,
5.2.2.1 Timeclocks and 2-hour manual override
Indicate temperature control with 3 degree C deadband
5.2.2.2 Temp. & deadband minimum
Indicate two-speed motor, pony motor, or variable speed drive
5.2.2.3 Clg.tower, fluid cooler to control the fans
5.2.3 Piping & ductwork Indicate sealing, caulking, gasketing, and weatherstripping
5.2.3.1 Piping insulation Indicate R-value of insulation
5.2.3.2 Ductwork insulation Indicate R-value of insulation
5.2.3.3 Ductwork sealing Specify sealing types and locations
5.2.4 System balancing Specify system balancing
PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE OPTION (Section 5.3)
Indicate whether project is complying with ECBC Prescriptive

5.3 Option OR with ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004
5.3.1 Economizer
5.3.3.1 Air economizer Indicate 100% capability on schedule
5.3.3.2 Integrated operation Indicate capability for partial cooling
5.3.3.3 Field testing Specify tests

5.3.2 Variable flow hydronic
5.3.3.1 Pump flow rates Indicate variable flow capacity on schedules
5.3.3.2 Isolation valves Indicate two-way automatic isolation valves
5.3.3.3 Variable speed drive Indicate variable speed drive

SERVICE WATER HEATING AND PUMPING (Chapter 6)
6.2.1 Solar water heating Provide calculations to justify capacity to meet 20% threshold
6.2.2 Equipment effficiency Provide equipment schedule with type, capacity, efficiency
6.2.3 Piping insulation Indicate R-value of insulation
Indicate heat trap on drawings or provide manufacturers

6.2.4 Heat traps specifications to show that equipment has internal heat trap
6.2.5 Pool covers Provide vapor retardant cover for pools
6.2.5 Pools over 32 C Provide R-2.1 insulation
14.5 Lighting Summary

Lighting Summary LIGHTING Summary

For Building Department Use
Applicant Name:
Applicant Address: 0
Applicant Phone:
Project Description New Building Addition Alteration Change of Use
Compliance Option Prescriptive Systems Analysis
Alteration Exceptions Less than 50% of the fixtures are new and installed lighting wattage is not being increased
(check box, if appropriate)
Maximum Allowed Lighting Wattage (Interior, Section 7.3)

Location Allowed
(floor/room no.) Occupancy Description Watts per m2 ** Area in m2 Allowed x Area
0.0
0.0
0.0
** Document all exceptions Total Allowed Watts 0.0
Proposed Lighting Wattage (Interior)
Location Number of Watts/ Watts
(floor/room no.) Fixture Description Fixtures Fixture Proposed
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total Proposed Watts may not exceed Total Allowed Watts for Interior Total Proposed Watts 0.0
Maximum Allowed Lighting Wattage (Exterior, Section 7.4)

Allowed Watts Area in m2 Allowed Watts
Location Description per m2 or per lm (or lm for perimeter) x m2 (or x lm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total Allowed Watts 0.0
Proposed Lighting Wattage (Exterior)
Number of Watts/ Watts
Location Fixture Description Fixtures Fixture Proposed
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total Proposed Watts may not exceed Total Allowed Watts for Exterior Total Proposed Watts 0.0

14.6 Lighting Permit Checklist

Lighting Permit Checklist LIGHTING Checklist
The following information is necessary to check a building permit application for compliance with the lighting requirements in the 2005 India
Energy Conservation Building Code.

LIGHTING (Chapter 7)
7.2.1 Controls
7.2.1.1 Automatic shutoff Indicate automatic shutoff locations or occupancy sensors

7.2.1.2 Space control Provide schedule with type, indicate locations
7.2.1.3 Daylight zones Provide schedule with type and features, indicate locations
7.2.1.4 Ext. lighting control Indicate photosensor or astronomical time switch
7.2.1.5 Additional control Provide schedule with type, indicate locations
7.2.2 Tandem wiring Show wiring on schedule
7.2.3 Exit signs Indicate 5 watts maximum
7.2.4 Ext. bldg.grounds ltg. Indicate minimum efficacy of 60 lumens/Watt
PRESCRIPTIVE INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER COMPLIANCE OPTION (Section 7.3)
Indicate whether project is complying with the Building Area

7.3 Method (7.3.1) or the Space Function Method (7.3.2)
Provide lighting schedule with wattage of lamp and ballast and

7.3.1 Building area method number of fixtures. Document all exceptions.

7.3.2 Space function method number of fixtures. Document all exceptions.
7.3.3 Luminaire wattage Indicate on plans
PRESCRIPTIVE EXTERIOR LIGHTING POWER COMPLIANCE OPTION (Section 7.4)

7.4 Building area method number of fixtures. Document all exceptions.
ELECTRICAL POWER (Chapter 8)
8.2.1 Transformers Provide schedule with transformer losses
8.2.2 Motor efficiency Provide equipment schedule with motor capacity, efficiency
8.2.3 Power factor correction Provide schedule with power factor correction
8.2.4 Check metering Provide check metering and monitoring
Schedules
15. Schedules
Table 15.1 Schedules for Baseline Design of School Buildings
Schedule Type Applicable on
00-01
01-02
02-03
03-04
04-05
05-06
06-07
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17
17-18
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
23-24
Occupancy Schedule
Student Zones* 5D_Occ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Back office** 5D_Occ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lighting Schedule
Student Zones 5D_Light 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Back office 5D_Light 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Equipment Schedule
Student Zones 5D_Equip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.35 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.2 0.95 0.95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Back office 5D_Equip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.35 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.4 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Elevator
HVAC
Student Area 5D_HVAC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Back office 5D_HVAC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
External Lighting
Ext Light 7D_Ext Light 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
*Student area is operational for 9 months. ** Back office is operational for 11 months

Schedules
Table 15.2 Schedules for Baseline Design of Assembly Buildings
00-01
01-02
02-03
03-04
04-05
05-06
06-07
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17
17-18
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
23-24
Occupancy Schedule
All All days_Occ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
Lighting Schedule
All All Days_Light 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.75 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1
Equipment Schedule
All All days_Equip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.5 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0
Elevator
All All days_Elev 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.35 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0
HVAC
All All days_HVAC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
External Lighting
All All days_Ext Light 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Service Hot Water N/A
Basement Ventilation N/A
Basement Lighting N/A
Schedules
Table 15.3 Schedules for Baseline Design of University Buildings (Non-Residential Only)
00-01
01-02
02-03
03-04
04-05
05-06
06-07
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17
17-18
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
23-24
Occupancy Schedule
Student area 5D_Occ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0
Back office 5D_Occ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Library and comp center 7D_Occ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0
Lighting Schedule
Student area 5D_Light 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0
Back office 5D_Light 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Library and comp center 7D_Light 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.0
Equipment Schedule
Student area 5D_Equip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.35 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.2 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0 0 0 0 0 0
Back office 5D_Equip 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.35 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.4 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Library and comp center 7D_Equip 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0
Elevator N/A
HVAC
Student Area 5D_HVAC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Back office 5D_HVAC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Library and comp center 7D_HVAC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
External Lighting
Ext Light 7D_Ext Light 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Service Hot Water N/A
Basement Ventilation N/A
Basement Lighting N/A
*Student area is operational for 9 months
**Back office area is operational for 11 months

Schedules
Table 15.4 Schedules for Baseline Design of Office Buildings
Schedule Applicable on
00-01
01-02
02-03
03-04
04-05
05-06
06-07
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17
17-18
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
23-24
Type
Occupancy Schedule
Office (8 hrs) Weekdays_Occ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3
Office (24 hrs) All Days_Occ 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0. 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
9
Lighting Schedule
Office (8 hrs) Weekdays_Light 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0. 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Office (24 hrs) All Days_Light 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0. 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
5 5 9
Equipment Schedule
Office (8 hrs) Weekdays_Equip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0. 0.1 0.1 0 0 0
5
Office (24 hrs) All days_Equip 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0. 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.2
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 5 5 5 5
Elevator
Office (8 hrs) Weekdays_Elev 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0. 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Office (24 hrs) All days_Elev 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0. 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
HVAC
Office (8 hrs) Weekdays_HVAC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
Office (24 hrs) All days_HVAC 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
External Lighting
Basement All days_Ext Light 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
5
Basement Ventilation
Basement All days_Basem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Vent
Basement Lighting
Basement All days_Basem 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Light 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
(schedules for other buildings to be added in similar format)

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Ministry of Power

Bureau of Energy Efficiency

List of Tables .................................................................................................................................... vii

Box 3.1 Code Compliance Process ....................................................................................................... 8

Energy Conservation Building Code 2016 1

2.1 Energy Efficiency Performance Levels

2.2 Regulated Building Systems

(a) Building envelopes, except for unconditioned storage spaces or warehouses,

2.3 Codes Take Precedence

(a) Safety, health, or environmental codes,

2.4 Reference Standards

Energy Conservation Building Code 2016 3

3. Compliance and Administration

3.1 Compliance Requirements

3.1.2 New Buildings

3.1.2.2 Core and Shell

(a) Building envelope

3.1.2.3 Mixed Use

3.1.3 Additions to Existing Buildings

3.1.4 Alterations to Existing Buildings

3.1.4.1 Building Envelope

3.1.4.3 Service Water Heating

Energy Conservation Building Code 2016 5

3.1.4.5 Electrical and Renewable Systems

3.2 Compliance Approaches

(a) Prescriptive Method ( 4.3, 5.3, and 6.3)

3.2.1 Energy Performance Index

3.2.1.1 Core and Shell Buildings

3.2.1.2 Mixed Use Development

3.2.2 Approved Analytical Tools

3.3 Administrative Requirements

(a) Development authorities (DA)

Administrative requirements relating to permit requirements, enforcement, interpretations, claims of

Energy Conservation Building Code 2016 7

Box 3.1 Code Compliance Process

Box 3.1 Code Compliance Process

After construction, owner of the

3.4 Compliance Documents

3.4.2 Supplemental Information

Energy Conservation Building Code 2016 9

4.2 Mandatory Requirements

4.2.1.2 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient

4.2.2 Opaque Construction

Box 4.1 Building Typologies for ECBC 2016

Box 4.1 Building Typologies for ECBC 2016

Large hotel Large office

Figure 1 Building Typologies Analyzed for ECBC 2016

Energy Conservation Building Code 2016 11

Latitude Window Shading VLT < 0.3 VLT 0.3

Non West West Non West West

4.2.4 Building Envelope Sealing

(a) Joints around fenestration and door frames,

Box 4.2 Daylight Extent Factor and Useful Daylight Illuminance

Box 4.2 Daylight Extent Factor and Useful Daylight Illuminance

b) Manual method of demonstrating compliance

Energy Conservation Building Code 2016 13

Orientation DEF Window/ X Y Above grade area

4.3 Prescriptive Requirements

Composite Hot and dry Warm & humid Temperate Cold

Composite Hot and dry Warm & humid Temperate Cold

Composite Hot and dry Warm & humid Temperate Cold

4.3.1.1 Cool Roofs

4.3.2 Opaque Walls