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SELF CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE- MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

Mr.MOHAMMAD ZUHAIR1, Dr. S. K. DESHMUKH2

1
Department of Civil Engineering, P.R.Patil College of Engineering and Technology, Amravati,
2
Principal, College of Engineering and Technology, Akola

ABSTRACT

Self-compacting concrete possess enhanced qualities and improved properties also working conditions
due to high flow ability and elimination of compaction. Self-compacting concrete is suitable for structure
with congested reinforcement without vibration, it archives high quality surface finish. The pore structure
is greatly improved by the addition of the fly ash as an effective pozzolanic material; characteristics of fly
ash material have also affect on the compressive strength of the self-compacting concrete.

This paper presents the experimental procedure for the design of self-compacting concrete, in which
we proposed the mix design with the globally acceptance result of all tests and the carried out test are
slump flow test, V-funnel test, L-box test. The mix design consist of 25% fly ash (as a cement
replacement material), 1.2% superplastizer. The compressive strength was checked on the 7-day, 14-day,
28-day and results are indicating that the proposed design mix can produce self-compacting concrete with
higher quality.

Keywords

Self-compacting Concrete; TrialMix Design; Fly Ash; Compressive Strength.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Self-compacting concrete is a new innovative construction material which shows the property of
flow ability under its own weight without segregation and bleeding, this type of concrete doesnt

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need any type of compaction when placed. It is generally used to place in the area where the
congested reinforcement is placed and the places where compaction to the concrete is not

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possible. The successful design of self-compacting concrete must be homogeneous, durable,
dense and having the same engineering properties likewise the traditional concrete.

In Europe the concrete which requires the little vibrations or compaction has been used since
early 1970s but, in the late 1980s japan discovered the self-compacting concrete. Sweden
used the self-compacting concrete in the mid 1980s in the Europe in the civil works for the
transportation network[1]. The homogeneity and uniform concrete strength confirms by fluidity
and segregation resistance property of self-compacting concrete.

The self-compacting concrete is largely affected by the mix design proportion and
characteristics of materials. There should be proper mix design for the proper homogeneity and
proper engineering properties of the self-compacting concrete. Okamura and Ozawa have
proposed a mix proportioning system of the SCC [4]. In this paper the w/c ratio, dosage of the
super plasticizer and the proportion of the other content (course aggregate, sand, cement, fly ash,
water) are determined by conducting the various trials. The major limitation behind the self-
compacting concrete is that there is no any standard mix design procedure for the self-
compacting concrete. In 2002 EFNARC published their guidelines which provides the
information and guideline to users named as Specification & Guideline for Self-Compacting
Concrete [9].

This paper also describes the test performed for the globally acceptance for the
characteristics for self-compacting concrete such as slump flow, V-funnel, L-box test. Strength
of concrete is determined for the 7-day, 14-day, 28-day are also mentioned.

2.0 MATERIAL USED

2.1 Cement

The cement used in the Self-Compacting Concrete is Ordinary Portland cement of 43 grade. The
physical properties of the cement are mentioned in Table 1.[5]

Table no.1 Physical Properties Of Cement

Physical property Result obtained IS:8112-1949[] specifications

Fineness (mm) 7% 10
Normal consistency 30% -
Vicat initial setting time (minutes) 74 30
m
Vicat final setting time (minutes) 223 600 (max )
m
Compressive strength 3-day(MPa) 23 22.0 max
m
Compressive strength 7-day(MPa) 35 33.0 max
m
Compressive strength 21-day(MPa) 42 43.0 max
Specific gravity 3.15 -

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2.2 Fly Ash

Grade I fly ash conforming to IS 3812:1981 which is obtained from the Sofia thermal
electric power station, Amravati is used. The physical properties of the fly ash are given in
the Table no.2. [6]

Table no 2 Physical Properties Of The Fly Ash

Sr. No. Physical Properties Test Results

1. Color Grey
2. Specific gravity 2.13

2.3 Admixture

Polycarboxylic ether based super plasticizer conforming to IS 9103:1999 was used.

2.4 Aggregate

The sand and the course aggregates which were locally available conforming to IS
383:1970 were used.[7]

3 Test Methods:

The main characteristics of the self-compacting concrete are filling ability, passing ability,
resistance to segregation. In this paper we have discuss the filling ability of the concrete by
slump flow test, passing ability by V-funnel test and resistance to segregation by L-Box test. The
following Table no. 5 gives recommended values for the different test by different researchers
for mix to be considered as a SCC.

Table No.3 Recommended Limits For Different Properties

Sr. Property Range

No.
1 Slump Flow Diameter 500-700 mm [8]
2 T50cm 2-5 sec [8]
3 V- Funnel 6-12 sec [9]
4 L-Box (H2/H1) >0.8 [10]

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Slump flow test: In the slump flow test the horizontal flow of the self-compacting concrete is
measured on the plain surface without any obstruction. Firstly the slump cone filled with the self-
compacting concrete and cone get lifted, then the average diameter of the flown concrete is
measured to check the filling ability of that concrete. The time T50cm is a secondary indication
of the flow. It measures the time taken in seconds from the instant when the cone is lifted to the
instant when horizontal flow reaches diameter of 500mm.[8]

Fig. Slump Flow Test

V-Funnel test : While the flowability of the fresh concrete can be measured with V-funnel testas
mentioned in the Fig 2, whereas the flow time is measured. The funnel have the capacity of 12 liters
of concrete and time measured for the flow of the concrete from the funnel out, T50cm is measured
with V-funnel shows the tendency of the segregation, the flow time will increase significantly.
According to the above mentioned table it should be between 6-12 sec[11]

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Fig. V-funnel test

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L-Box test: This test is used to test the passing ability of the fresh concrete as shown in the figure 3.
In this, the vertical section of the apparatus is filled with fresh concrete the gate is lifted to allow the
concrete in the horizontal section, the ratio of height of the concrete at the end of the horizontal
section to the height of the remaining vertical section should be greater than 0.8[11]

Fig. L-Box test

4. Experimental procedure

1. Using the Japanese design mix, initial mix design was carried out.[11]
2. The design mix was initiated by talking cement content as 90% and fly ash as 10%.
Further cement content was reduced and fly ash was increased till the satisfied result.
Finally cement content was kept constant to 75% for TR10, SCC1 & SCC2.
3. For achieving SCC, water powder ratio varied from 0.29 to 0.48, which was finally
achieved on 0.40 and 0.41 for percentage of superplasticizer as 1.1 and 1.2.
4. For TR1 to TR10 water power ratio (W/P) varied from 0.29 to 0.48.
5. The trial mixes were designed for content of superplasticizer as1.5%, 1.3%, 1.2%,
1.1% and 1.0%.
6. No increment or decrement in the proportion of fine aggregate and sand took place in
the procedure.
7. Tests such slump flow, V-funnel and L-Box were carried out for each trial mix. Table
no.6 shows various mix proportions.

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Table No. 4Mix Proportions

Sr. Mix Cement Fly Ash Course Sand Water S.P. W/P
3 3 3 3 3
No. (Kg/m ) (Kg/m ) aggregate (Kg/m ) (Kg/m ) (Kg/m ) Ratio
3
(Kg/m )
1 TR1 540 60 751 789 285 9 0.48
2 TR2 540 60 789 751 285 9 0.48
3 TR3 540 60 751 789 281 9 0.47
4 TR4 530 70 751 789 175 7.8 0.29
5 TR5 530 70 789 751 224 6 0.37
6 TR6 530 70 751 789 224 6 0.37
7 TR7 510 90 751 789 175 9 0.29
8 TR8 500 100 751 789 192 6.6 0.32
9 TR9 475 125 751 789 240 7.2 0.40
10 TR10 450 150 751 789 216 7.2 0.36
11 SCC1 450 150 751 789 240 7.2 0.40
12 SCC2 450 150 751 789 245 6.6 0.41

Table No.5 Workability And Compressive Strength Results

Sr. no. Mix Slump T50cm V- V- L-Box 7-days 14- 28-

flow (sec) funnel funnel ratio (MPa) days days
(mm) Tf T5min (H2/H1) (MPa) (MPa)
(sec) (sec)
1 TR1 - - - - - - - -
2 TR2 - - - - - - - -
3 TR3 - - - - - - - -
4 TR4 420 - - - - - - -
5 TR5 535 6.3 - - - - - -
6 TR6 548 3.96 - - - - - -
7 TR7 - - - - - - - -
8 TR8 490 - - - - - - -
9 TR9 575 2.22 9.56 13.54 - - - -
10 TR10 558 2.57 11.21 14.26 - - - -
11 SCC1 580 3.70 7.48 9.23 1.12 22.93 27.52 35.63
12 SCC2 572 3.21 6.09 8.62 0.98 17.51 23.67 32.43

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5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

1. For achieving self-compacting concrete Table no.7 represents the workability tests.
2. For the trial mixes, variation in quantity of water and super plasticizer was carried out to
achieve SCC.
3
3. In all the trial mixes, quantity of course aggregate and sand were kept as 751 kg/m
3
and 789 kg/m .
4. For all the trial mixes cement content was reduced from 90% to 75%.
5. Mixes TR1, TR2, TR3 and TR7 could not satisfy the workability conditions.
6. Mixes TR4, TR5, TR6, TR8, TR9 and TR10 showed some characteristics of
workability but could not satisfy upto the recommendation limits.
7. Mixes SCC1 and SCC2 satisfied the characteristics of workability i.e. slump flow, V-
funnel and L-Box test.
8. The below graph drawn compressive strength vs no. of days

40

35

30
Compressive
strength 25
7-days
20 14-days
28-days
15

10

0
SCC1 SCC2
No. of days

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6. CONCLUSION

SCC can be developed without using VMA and

Results were found satisfactory at the water powder ratio of 0.41 and 0.40.

The concrete can be useful for the construction purpose as it gives the strength
from 33MPa to 35MPa at 28 days curing.
Further study can be done on this.

7.REFERANCES

1. KrishnayMurthy.N, NarasimhaRao A.V, Ramana Reddy I. Vand ,

VijayasekharReddy.M ,Mix Design Procedure For Self Compacting Concrete, IOSR
Jurnal of engineering, September 2012,volume 2.
2. H Okamura and M Ouchi. Self-compacting Concrete. Development, Present use and
Future. Proceedingd of the First International RILEM Symposium on Self-
Compacting Concrete.Sweden, Proc 7, 1999, pp 3-14.
3. K Ozawa, M Kunishima, K Maekawa and K Ozawa. Development ofHigh
Performance Concrete Based on Durability Design of ConcreteStructures. Proceeding
of East-Asai and Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction
(EASEC-2), vol 1, January1989, pp 445-450.
4. Okamura H., Ozawa K., Mix Design for Self-Compacting Concrete, Concrete Library of
Japanese Society of Civil Engineers, June 25, 1995, p. 107-120.
5. IS: 8112-1989, Specifications for 43 grade Portland cement, Bureau of Indian Standards,
New Delhi, India.
6. IS: 3812-2003, Specifications for Pulverized fuel ash, Bureau of Indian Standards, New
Delhi, India.
7. IS: 383-1970, Specifications for Coarse and Fine aggregates from Natural sources for
Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
8. Nagataki S., Fujiwara H., Self-Compacting property of Highly-Flowable concrete,
Second Conference on advances in Concrete Technology, ACI SP-154,V.M. Malhotra,
American Concrete Institute, June 1995, p. 301-304.
9. EFNARC (European Federation of national trade associations representing producers
and applicators of specialist building products), Specification and Guidelines for self-
compacting concrete, February 2002, Hampshire, U.K.
10. Khayat K.H., Manai K., Lesbetonsautonivlants : proprietes, charcterisation et
applications , colloquesur les betonsautonivlants, Universite de Sherbroke, Canada,
November 1996, p. 8
11. Text book of CONCRETE TECHENOLOGY by M. S. Shetty.

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