Assumptions:

For weight concrete slab is 0.25m, for resistance 0.23m (i.e. top 2cm are considered integral wearing course).
Potential future wearing course is considered 0.08m.
Barriers = 5kN/m, to be distributed equally to 3 adjacent girders
For simplicity, live load (LL) and surfacing extends over the whole deck (no deduction for kerblines).
No dynamic impact allowance for LL
Load combos AASHTO 3.4.1-1 (Service-I and Strength-I)

2) Steel I-girder

Check: LTB of bottom flange at pier support

Continuous span of L=40m: Plate girder, web depth Dw=54=1.372m + 0.23m of concrete slab = D=1.602m

L/D = 40/1.602 = 25 below AASHTO limit (2.5.2.6.3-1) = 31.25

Section properties pier support (non-composite):

A=457*51+508*61+1372*16=76247mm2

Yg=[23307*1397+30988*30+21952*(1372/2+61)]/ 76247 =654mm

I=1/12*457*51^3+1/12*508*61^3+1/12*16*1372^3+23307*(1397-654)^2+

+30988*(654-30)^2+21952*(747-654)^2 = 2.8581e10mm4

Sbot=I/yg=4.370e7 mm3 (because reinforcement should have been considered for cracked section, allow 5%
increase Sbot=4.589e7 mm3

a) Loads (from 1))

DCslab=6.13*3.80= 23.29kN/m

DCgirder=76247/1000^2*78.5= 5.99 kN/m (miscellaneous steel ignored but compensated with lighter sections for
sagging)

DCbarr=2x5/3=3.33 kN/m

DWsurf =1.84*3.80 =6.99 kN/m

For consistency with AASHTO, live load distribution factors should be computed to determine share of LL to each
girder for different lane configurations. Also, multiple presence factors should be computed. For simplicity it will be
assumed that:

Lane width = 3.65m (AASHTO 3.6.1.1)

For worst load arrangement, interior girder takes up 80% of total load in one lane.
LL = 10*3.65*0.80= 29.2kN/m

LL =29.2kN/m

Wser = 23.29+5.99+3.33+6.99+29.2 = 68.80 kN/m

Wstr = 1.25*(23.29+5.01+3.33)+1.5*6.99+1.75*29.2=102.35 kN/m

 b) Stresses

Mu=0.087*wstr*L^2=0.087*102.35*40^2=14247.1kN.m

Fbott=Mu/Sbott=14247.1*1e6/4.589e7 = 310.5 MPa

c) Resistance (AASHTO 6.10.8.2.3)

fy=345Mpa; E=200000MPa

Rt=bf/sqrt(12*(1+1/3*Dc*tw/bf/tf)) (radius of gyration for LTB)

Dc=yg=654mm, tw=16mm, bf=508mm, tf=61mm

Rt=508/sqrt = 139mm

Lp=rt*sqrt(E/Fy) draw sketch

Lp=139*sqrt(200000/345)=3.347m

Lr=pi*rt sqrt(E/0.7Fy)

Lr=pi*139*sqrt(200000/0.7/345)=12.567m

Lb=5m

Flim=(1-0.3*(Lb-Lp)/(Lr-Lp))*fy=(1-0.3*(5-3.347)/(12.567-3.347))*345=326.4 MPa

Fbott=310.5 MPa < flim = 326.4Mpa

***Comment on curved girder.

V=80kph=22m/s; R=200m ; C=4/3*22^2/9.81/200=0.33

Axle weight=145kN

F= (1lanes per girder) = 145*1*0.33=95.7kN = aprox = q=1.5kN/m = qult =1.75*1.5 = 2.63kN/m

Torsion = q*R; T=M/Dw q=M/R/Dw

Mlat=0.1*2.63*5^2 = 6.575

Mlat =0.1*M*Lb^2/R/Dw = 0.1*14247*5^2/200/1.372 =129.8 kN.m (Steel Bridge Deign Handbook Vol. 8)

Malt=129.8+6.58=136.38kN.m

Sflange =t*b^2/6 = 61*508^2/6 =2.6237e6 mm3

Fl = Mlat/Sflange = 136.38*e6/2.6237e6 = 51.98 Mpa

Fu=fb+1/3*fl=310.5+51.98/3=327.83 MPa
2) Steel U-girder

Check: bottom flange plate buckling (longitudinally stiffened)

Continuous span of L=45m: Plate U-girder, inclined web depth Dw=60=1.524m + 0.23m of concrete slab =
D=1.754m

L/D = 45/1.754 = 25.7 below AASHTO limit (2.5.2.6.3-1) = 31.25

Section properties pier support (non-composite):

Stiffener: WT9x30 (WT228mmx45kg/m in SI units)

Astiff=5690mm2, Istiff=2.6930e7mm4; yg=177mm

A=2*(457*45)+ 1753*34+2*(1524*16)+5690=155190mm2

Yg=[41130*1579+59602*17+48768*(1524/2+34)+5690*211]/ 155190 =683mm

I=2*1/12*457*45^3+1/12*1753*34^3+2*1/12*16*1524^3+2.693e7+41130*(1579-683)^2+

+59602*(683-17)^2+48768*(796-683)^2 +5690*(683-211)^2= 7.0826e10mm4

Sbot=I/yg=1.0370e8 mm3 (because reinforcement should have been considered for cracked section, allow 5%
increase Sbot=1.0889e8 mm3

d) Loads (from 1))

DCslab=6.13*4.90= 30.04kN/m

DCgirder=155190/1000^2*78.5= 12.18 kN/m (miscellaneous steel ignored but compensated with lighter sections for
sagging)

DCbarr=2x5/3=3.33 kN/m

DWsurf =1.84*4.90 =9.02 kN/m

For consistency with AASHTO, live load distribution factors should be computed to determine share of LL to each u-
girder for different lane configurations. Also, multiple presence factors should be computed. For simplicity it will be
assumed that:

Lane width = 3.65m (AASHTO 3.6.1.1)

For worst load arrangement, based on u-girder spacing it will be assumed that one girder takes up 100% of
load in one lane + 50% of an additional one.
LL = 10*3.65*1.50= 54.75kN/m

LL =54.75kN/m

Wser = 30.04+12.18+3.33+9.02+54.75 = 109.32 kN/m

Wstr = 1.25*(30.04+12.18+3.33)+1.5*9.02+1.75*54.75= 166.28 kN/m

e) Stresses
Mu=0.087*wstr*L^2=0.087*166.28*45^2=29294.4kN.m

Fbott=Mu/Sbott=29294.4*1e6/1.0889e8 = 269.03 MPa

f) Resistance (AASHTO 6.11.8.2.3)

fy=345Mpa; E=200000MPa

Is=