GROUP LAB REPORT COVER PAGE

TO BE COMPLETED BY STUDENT

FULL NAME MATRICULATION NO.

1)
2)
3)
4)

STUDENTS DECLARATION

We declare that this is our own work except where due references are made. Plagiarism
and late submission of the lab report will be excluded in assessment and marking.

STUDENT NAME SIGNATURE

INITIAL MARKS DEDUCTION FINAL MARKS

Experiment 2
Lab Report Rubric
Criteria
Objectives / Introduction /
Theory
Methodology / Procedures
Results / calculations
Discussions
Format / Presentation
References / Citations
Conclusions
TOTAL
Description Marks
Weightage
awarded
Good coverage of the theories on the subject and
demonstrate the ability to relate its significance to the
experiment.
0 5: Theories are copied from the lab manual/no theories 10
6 10: Comprehensive research relevant to the topic is
done
The ability to report the procedures / methods in
completing the experiment.
0-5: Procedures are copied from lab manual
10
6-10:Complete description of the procedures with figures
or other form of illustrations
Results to be presented professionally and relevant
calculations are shown. Graphs are drawn professionally
where necessary.
0- 20: Minimum presentation of results
21 -30: Basic results are shown with necessary 50
calculations.
31-50:Further analyses of the results using graphs, tables,
etc.
Demonstrate the ability of analysing the results in an
independent and critical way. In-depth discussion is
presented on the variance of the results with theory, or the
effect of the changing of any parameters to the results.
Further discussion is presented on the improvements of the
accuracy if there is any discrepancy. 10
0- 5: Reiteration of the results
6 -10: Discuss the analyses of the results, graph and
Tables. Error analyses of the results, provide constructive
suggestions for improvement
The ability of presenting the neat and tidy report in the
format stated.
0-2: basic structure and format is presented.
5
3-5 :professional report with standard format and
complete structure and presentation
The ability to cite the referenced authors work.
0-3: no citation, only references 5
4-5: citations and references with correct format
The ability to draw conclusions
0-5: Provide summary of key results.
6-10: Highlight the key indication of the results
10
Provide suggestion for further analyses
Relevancy of the experiment to the real-life
engineering problems.
100
Experiment 2
Forced Convective Heat Transfer
2.1 Objective
To investigate the relationship between the inside film heat transfer coefficient and the
Reynolds number for turbulent flow of a fluid flowing inside a tube.

2.2 Introduction

p
T1 T2

P
T3
kw

Fig 2.1: Heat flow from the flowing fluid.

For fully developed turbulent flow of a low viscosity such as water in a long tube, the
inside film heat transfer coefficient is related to the thermal, hydrodynamic and geometric
parameters of the system by the Dittus and Boelter equation

Nu = 0.023 Re0.8 Pr 0.4 , Where

hd
Nu = Nusselt Number =
k

d
Re = Reynolds Number =
CP
Pr = Prandtls number =
k

This equation is valid for Re >> 2100 with Pr > 0.5 and is expected to predict the
magnitude of heat transfer coefficients to an accuracy of + 10%.
The rate of heat transfer, q , is given by the equation.

Q = m C p t

Where, m = mass flow rate of the liquid

Cp = specific heat capacity
t = temperature difference, (T2-T1)

q is also related to the overall heat transfer coefficient and area of heat transfer by the
equation.

Q = U A Tm
Where, U = overall heat transfer coefficient
A = area of heat transfer surface
Tm = log mean temperature difference foe heat transfer

Finally, for a clean tube of inside diameter d1 and outside diameter d0, the overall heat
transfer coefficient based on the outside area of the tube is related to the inside and
outside film heat transfer coefficients by the equation

1 1 x dO 1 dO

U O hO k w d m hi d i

Where, ho and hi = outer and inner film heat transfer coefficients

x = wall thickness of the tube
dm = mean diameter of the tube
kw = thermal conductivity of the tube

For a thin walled tube, the above equation reduces to

1 1 1 dO

UO hO hi d i
2.3 Experimental Results

No. Flow Mass flow In (Coil) In (Coil) Chilled Q kJ/sec

rate, rate, m T1 (C) T2 (C) Water
(l/h) kg/sec T (C)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Table 2.1

2.4 Conclusion
Students are required to come up with a conclusion based on the experimental
results.