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A Comparison between Childrens and Adults Ability to Detect Conceptual Information

Conveyed through Representational Gestures
By: Spencer D. Kelly and R. Breckinridge Church
Published: February 1998

This article talks about a study that was done that compared childrens and adults ability
to detect information conveyed through nonverbal representational hand gestures. Their
reasoning for questions this ability is because nonverbal behaviors usually adds important
emphasis on information to speech during communication, and it made sense to ask whether or
not people can detect that information. It also talked about how research has demonstrated that
people can express not just general, affective information through nonverbal behaviors. The way
they conducted this study was presenting the adults and children with the same gestures and
speech information to see what they conveyed solely through gestures and then what they
conveyed through speech. The next thing they did was conduct the study and found out some
pretty interesting information.
The stimulus tape they used when conducting this study consisted of nine children whom
they tested over a few things to get a feel of where they were in the study. After doing this they
pulled an additional 17 children and performed the same test on them and got about the same
results as expected. After they were pretty solid about where they were with the children they ran
the same test on 26 adults, the same number of children tested, and go results they didnt expect.
The children were more receptive to the gestures part of the experiment and the adults were more
receptive to the speech side. The conclusion was that children were more susceptive to body
language than adults.
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Sports Supplements and Female Athletes: Reality, Risks and Recommendations

By: Mike A. Perko, Ronald D. Williams Jr., & Marion W. Evans
Published: October 2015

This article talks about how athletes all across the country use supplements to help
enhance their bodies growth to help them athletically. It goes on discusses the most used
supplements and what exactly they do for the body, whether it be good things or bad. After that it
compares men and woman and what supplements may do differently to their bodies. Most
supplements that were tested were more beneficial to the male body because of things they put
into these supplements and who exactly they were targeted to be used by. They went on to talk
about what would be the best thing to benefit the body for both male and female and that was
whole food nutrition, proper training, recovery, and injury prevention methods.
They also gave reasons why you could use some supplements rather than others, because
they have growing evidence that they are safe and efficacious. There are no sports governing
body that they know of that recommend that athletes take those products for performance over
health. They talked about how at the end of the day these sports programs would rather these
athletes perform under their own control rather than supplements. The entire reason they wrote
this article was to show athletes that not using supplements may actually be more beneficial.
They dont want to see athletes tear their bodies down using supplements now to have bad
effects on their bodies after sports.