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Design Detail
Concrete f'c = 24 MPa
Rebar Fy = 420 MPa
250 mm
Unit Weight = 23.56 kN/m
0.25 m
#4 @ 300 mm (S&T)
3.2 m
3.55 m
#5 @ 150 mm
#3 @ 300 mm (S&T)
#4 @ 300 mm
120 cm
120 cm
0.8 m
350 mm
0.4 m
2.8 m
1.2D
... + 1.6H + 1.2F + 1.6L
1.2D
... + 0.5L
= 21 kN/m
1.2D
... + 1.0E
= 35
2.5 m
1.2D
... + 0.5L + 1.0E
2.95 m
c = 0 kPa
3.3 m
0.9D
... + 1.6H + 1.0E
Kh = 0.13 0.9D
... + 1.6H
Kv = 0.09 1.2D
...
0.8 m
0.1 m
= 21 kN/m
= 30
c = 125 kPa
Backfill Pressure
3.3 m
3.3 m
0.25 m
30.49 kN/m
1.12 m
= 21 kN/m -16.22 kPa
= 35 -16.56 kPa
-16.22 kPa
2.5 m
2.95 m
c = 0 kPa
3.3 m
1.16 kN/m
0.8 m
24.76 kN/m
24.74
0.98 m
-16.22
-16.29 kPa
kPa
Lateral Earth Pressure
-16.22 kPa
Rankine Active Earth Pressure Theory
35
Ka = tan 45 - = tan 45 - = 0.2710
2 2
Passive Pressure
1.2 m
0.8 m
= 21 kN/m
= 30
c = 125 kPa
Water Pressure
3.3 m
3.3 m
-4.41 kPa 0.99 kN/m
0.1 m
3.3 m
3.3 m
-3.47 kPa 11.45 kN/m
Seismic Pressure
3.45 kN/m
-3.6 kPa
7.42 kN/m
3.3 m
3.3 m
6.57 kN/m
1.98 m
= 21 kN/m
= 35 -0.9 kPa
c = 0 kPa
Kh = 0.13 3 kN/m
Kv = 0.09 -3.22 kPa
5.93 kN/m
5.12 kN/m
1.77 m
-0.8 kPa
Seismic Pressure
Dynamic + static force Mononobe - Okabe equation
kh 0.130
' = arctan = arctan = 8.13
1 - kv 1 - 0.090
sin + - '
Kae =
sin + sin - ' -
cos ' sin sin - ' - 1+ ^2
sin - - ' sin +
sin 87.32 + 35 - 8.13
=
sin 35 + 25 sin 35 - 8.13 - 0
cos 8.13 sin 87.32 sin 87.32 - 8.13 - 25 1+ ^2
sin 87.32 - 25 - 8.13 sin 0 + 87.32
= 0.3615
1 1
Pae = K H ^ 2 1 - kv = 0.3615 21 kN / m 3.3 m ^ 2 1 - 0.090 = 37.62 kN / m
2 ae 2
Static - only force Coulomb equation
sin +
Ka =
sin + sin -
sin sin - 1+ ^2
sin - sin +
sin 87.32 + 35
=
sin 35 + 25 sin 35 - 0
sin 87.32 sin 87.32 - 25 1+ ^2
sin 87.32 - 25 sin 0 + 87.32
= 0.2641
1 1
Pa = K H^2 = 0.2641 21 kN / m 3.3 m ^ 2 = 30.2 kN / m
2 a 2
Net dynamic force
Pae = Pae - Pa = 37.62 kN / m - 30.2 kN / m = 7.42 kN / m
P = 90 - + = 90 - 87.32 + 25 = 27.68 resultant force angle with horizontal
To arrive at the pressure distribution illustrated above used to determine stem moments ,
apply inverted triangular pressure plus a uniform portion to bring resultant to 0.6H
8 Pae 8 7.42 kN / m
e_top = = = 3.6 kPa
5 H 5 3.3 m
2 Pae 2 7.42 kN / m
e_bot = = = 0.9 kPa
5 H 5 3.3 m
Line/Strip Pressure
290 kN/m
-0 kPa
5m
1.26 m
56.02 kN/m
-23.98 kPa
-23.65 kPa
-0 kPa
1.45 m
47.67 kN/m
-23.98 kPa
-23.97 kPa
Wall/Soil Weights
4.28 kN/m
18.85 kN/m 61.95 kN/m
5.65 kN/m
13.23 kN/m
23.09 kN/m
3.77 kN/m
Bearing Pressure
e = 0.46 m
0.94 m
51.48 kN/m
0.77 kPa
104.3 kPa
147.1 kN/m
Friction
F = R = 0.350 147.1 kN / m = 51.48 kN / m
Stability Checks
Overturning Check
Overturning Moments
Force Distance Moment
Backfill pressure (horz) 30.49 kN/m 1.12 m 34.01 kNm/m
Surcharge (uniform) lateral pressure 11.45 kN/m 1.65 m 18.89 kNm/m
Water pressure 0.99 kN/m 0.15 m 0.15 kNm/m
Seismic force 6.57 kN/m 1.98 m 13.01 kNm/m
Line/Strip surcharge 56.02 kN/m 1.26 m 70.74 kNm/m
Total: 136.8 kNm/m
Resisting Moments
Force Distance Moment
Surcharge (uniform) vertical pressure 12.8 kN/m 2.3 m 29.44 kNm/m
Passive pressure @ toe 305.2 kN/m 0m 0 kNm/m
Line/Strip vertical pressure 0 kN/m 2.8 m 0 kNm/m
Footing Weight -23.09 kN/m 1.4 m 32.32 kNm/m
Stem Weight -18.85 kN/m 1.52 m 28.74 kNm/m
Stem Weight -5.65 kN/m 1.7 m 9.61 kNm/m
Key Weight -3.77 kN/m 1.6 m 6.03 kNm/m
Backfill Weight -61.95 kN/m 2.3 m 142.5 kNm/m
Backfill Weight -4.28 kN/m 1.75 m 7.51 kNm/m
Soil over toe Weight -13.23 kN/m 0.7 m 9.26 kNm/m
Total: 265.4 kNm/m
RM 265.4 kNm / m
F.S. = = = 1.940 > 1.50 OK
OTM 136.8 kNm / m
Sliding Check
Sliding Force(s)
Backfill pressure 30.49 kN/m
Surcharge (uniform) lateral pressure 11.45 kN/m
Water pressure 0.99 kN/m
Seismic force 6.57 kN/m
Line/Strip surcharge 56.02 kN/m
Total: 105.5 kN/m
Resisting Force(s)
Passive pressure @ toe 305.2 kN/m
Friction 51.48 kN/m
Total: 356.6 kN/m
RF 356.6 kN / m
F.S. = = = 3.380 > 1.50 OK
SF 105.5 kN / m
Bearing Check
Bearing pressure < allowable (104.3 kPa < 160 kPa) - OK
Bearing resultant eccentricity < allowable (0.46 m < 0.47 m) - OK
2.88
2.56
2.24
1.92
1.28
0.96
0.64
0.32
0
-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100
Moment (kNm/m)
2.88
2.56
2.24
1.92
1.28
0.96
0.64
0.32
0
-250 -166.67 -83.33 0 83.33 166.7 250
Shear (kN/m)
Shear Capacity (ACI 318-02 11.1.1, 11.3.1) @ 0 m from base [Positive shear]
Shear Capacity (ACI 318-02 11.1.1, 11.3.1) @ 0 m from base [Negative shear]
Shear Capacity (ACI 318-02 11.1.1, 11.3.1) @ 3.2 m from base [Positive shear]
Shear Capacity (ACI 318-02 11.1.1, 11.3.1) @ 3.2 m from base [Negative shear]
Main vertical stem bars (top end) - Development Length Calculation (ACI 318-02 12.2.3, 12.5)
= 1.0 bar not epoxy - coated
= 0.80 bars are #6 or smaller
s/2 = 150 mm / 2 = 75 mm
cover + db / 2 = 50 mm + 15.88 mm / 2 = 57.94 mm
c = 57.94 mm lesser of half spacing, ctr to surface
= 1.0 bars are not horizontal
= 1.0 normal weight concrete
Ktr = 0 mm no transverse reinforcement
c + Ktr / db = 57.94 mm + 0 mm / 15.88 mm = 3.6496
3. fy 3. 420 MPa 1.0 1.0 0.80 1.0
ld = db = 15.88 mm = 39.34 cm term 'c plus Ktr over db' limited to 2.5
40 2.5 40 2.5
f'c 24 MPa
Cutoff vertical stem bars (top end) - Development Length Calculation (ACI 318-02 12.2.3, 12.5)
= 1.0 bar not epoxy - coated
= 0.80 bars are #6 or smaller
s/2 = 300 mm / 2 = 150 mm
cover + db / 2 = 50 mm + 15.88 mm / 2 = 57.94 mm
c = 57.94 mm lesser of half spacing, ctr to surface
= 1.0 bars are not horizontal
= 1.0 normal weight concrete
Ktr = 0 mm no transverse reinforcement
c + Ktr / db = 57.94 mm + 0 mm / 15.88 mm = 3.6496
3. fy 3. 420 MPa 1.0 1.0 0.80 1.0
ld = db = 15.88 mm = 39.34 cm term 'c plus Ktr over db' limited to 2.5
40 2.5 40 2.5
f'c 24 MPa
2nd curtain vertical bars (bottom end) - Development Length Calculation (ACI 318-02 12.2.3, 12.5)
= 1.0 bar not epoxy - coated
= 1.0 normal weight concrete
0.02 fy
ldh = db
f'c
0.02 1.0 1.0 420 MPa
= 12.7 mm
24 MPa
= 26.22 cm
8 db = 8 12.7 mm = 4.0
350 mm
Mn = As fy d - a / 2 #5 @ 200 mm
= 0.90 25.4 mm 420 MPa 292.1 mm - 20.59 mm / 2
= 106.5 kNm / m
52.53 kPa
Mn = 106.5 kNm / m Mu = 82.11 kNm / m 104.3 kPa
Shear Check (ACI 318-02 11.1.1, 11.3.1)
350 mm
a / 1 20.59 mm / 0.850
t = 0.0332 0.004 #5 @ 200 mm
Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.5.1)
Mn = 106.5 kNm / m < 4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 82.11 kNm / m = 109.5 kNm / m
65.41 kPa
129.9 kPa
3 f'c 3 24 MPa
As_min = d = 292.1 mm = 21.56 mm
fy 420 MPa
200 d / fy = 200 292.1 mm / 420 MPa = 24.36 mm
As_min = 24.36 mm
As = 25.4 mm As_min = 24.36 mm
Shrinkage Temperature Steel (ACI 318-02 7.12.2)
AST 141.9 mm
ST_prov = = = 0.0020
t sST 350 mm 200 mm
0.0018 60000 0.0018 60000
ST_min = = = 0.0018
fy 420 MPa
ST_min = 0.0018
ST_prov = 0.0020 ST_min = 0.0018
18 inch limit governs
sST_max = 457.2 mm
sST = 200 mm
Development (ACI
Check sST_max = 457.2
318-02 mm12.2.3)
12.12,
= 1.0 bar not epoxy - coated
= 0.80 bars are #6 or smaller
s/2 = 200 mm / 2 = 100 mm
cover + db / 2 = 50 mm + 15.88 mm / 2 = 57.94 mm
c = 57.94 mm lesser of half spacing, ctr to surface
= 1.0 12 inches or less cast below - 1.97 inches
= 1.0 normal weight concrete
Ktr = 0 mm no transverse reinforcement
c + Ktr / db = 57.94 mm + 0 mm / 15.88 mm = 3.6496
3. fy 3. 420 MPa 1.0 1.0 0.80 1.0
ld = db = 15.88 mm = 39.34 cm term 'c plus Ktr over db' limited to 2.5
40 2.5 40 2.5
f'c 24 MPa
Mu / Mn = 82.11 kNm / m / 106.5 kNm / m = 0.7709
Excess reinforcement reduction of 12.3.3 a applies: ld = 30.33 cm
12 inch minimum controls
ld_prov = 135 cm ld = 30.48 cm
350 mm
0.85 f'c 0.85 24 MPa #4 @ 200 mm
Mn = As fy d - a / 2
= 0.90 16.39 mm 420 MPa 293.6 mm - 13.28 mm / 2
= 69.99 kNm / m (neglect bearing pressure)
Mn = 69.99 kNm / m Mu = 52.36 kNm / m
Shear Check (ACI 318-02 11.1.1, 11.3.1)
350 mm
d 293.6 mm #4 @ 200 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0534
a / 1 13.28 mm / 0.850
t = 0.0534 0.004 (neglect bearing pressure)
Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.5.1) 98.27 kN/m
Mn = 69.99 kNm / m 4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 52.36 kNm / m = 69.81 kNm / m
Check is waived per ACI 10.5.3
Shrinkage Temperature Steel (ACI 318-02 7.12.2)
AST 141.9 mm
ST_prov = = = 0.0020
t sST 350 mm 200 mm
0.0018 60000 0.0018 60000
ST_min = = = 0.0018
fy 420 MPa
ST_min = 0.0018
ST_prov = 0.0020 ST_min = 0.0018
18 inch limit governs
sST_max = 457.2 mm
sST = 200 mm sST_max = 457.2 mm
Development Check (ACI 318-02 12.12, 12.2.3)
= 1.0 bar not epoxy - coated
= 0.80 bars are #6 or smaller
s/2 = 200 mm / 2 = 100 mm
cover + db / 2 = 50 mm + 12.7 mm / 2 = 56.35 mm
c = 56.35 mm lesser of half spacing, ctr to surface
= 1.0 12 inches or less cast below - 11.31 inches
= 1.0 normal weight concrete
Ktr = 0 mm no transverse reinforcement
c + Ktr / db = 56.35 mm + 0 mm / 12.7 mm = 4.4370
3. fy 3. 420 MPa 1.0 1.0 0.80 1.0
ld = db = 12.7 mm = 31.47 cm term 'c plus Ktr over db' limited to 2.5
40 2.5 40 2.5
f'c 24 MPa
Mu / Mn = 52.36 kNm / m / 69.99 kNm / m = 0.7481
Excess reinforcement reduction of 12.3.3 a applies: ld = 23.54 cm
12 inch minimum controls
ld_prov = 175 cm ld = 30.48 cm
2.4 2.4
2 2
1.6 1.6
-5.55 kPa
1.2 1.2
0.8 0.8
0.4 0.4
-25.92 kPa
-26.04kPa
-1.17 kPa -38.37 kPa
132.3 kN/m -25.92 kPa
-38.36 kPa 0 0
-0 -0 -0 -0 0 0 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.07
Moment (kNm/m) Shear (kN/m)
-147.25 kNm/m
-1.37 kPa
2.88
2.56
2.24
1.92
1.28
0.96
0.64
0.32
0
-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100
Moment (kNm/m)
2.88
2.56
2.24
1.92
1.28
0.96
0.64
0.32
0
-250 -166.67 -83.33 0 83.33 166.7 250
Shear (kN/m)
3 f'c 3 24 MPa
As_min = d = 342.1 mm = 25.25 mm
fy 420 MPa
200 d / fy = 200 342.1 mm / 420 MPa = 28.53 mm
As_min = 28.53 mm
As = 33.87 mm As_min = 28.53 mm
Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.5.1) @ 1.2 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
Mn = 70.3 kNm / m 4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 36.54 kNm / m = 48.72 kNm / m
Check is waived per ACI 10.5.3
Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.5.1) @ 3.2 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
Mn = 0 kNm / m 4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 0 kNm / m = 0 kNm / m
Check is waived per ACI 10.5.3
Maximum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.3.5) @ 0 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
1 = 0.850 f'c 4000 psi
As fy 33.87 mm 420 MPa
a = = = 27.45 mm
0.85 f'c 0.85 24 MPa
d 342.1 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0288
a / 1 27.45 mm / 0.850
t = 0.0288 0.004
Maximum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.3.5) @ 1.2 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
1 = 0.850 f'c 4000 psi
As fy 16.93 mm 420 MPa
a = = = 13.73 mm
0.85 f'c 0.85 24 MPa
d 285.8 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0501
a / 1 13.73 mm / 0.850
t = 0.0501 0.004
Maximum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.3.5) @ 3.2 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
1 = 0.850 f'c 4000 psi
As fy 16.93 mm 420 MPa
a = = = 13.73 mm
0.85 f'c 0.85 24 MPa
d 192.1 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0327
a / 1 13.73 mm / 0.850
t = 0.0327 0.004
350 mm
Mn = As fy d - a / 2 #5 @ 200 mm
= 0.90 25.4 mm 420 MPa 292.1 mm - 20.59 mm / 2
= 106.5 kNm / m
52.53 kPa
Mn = 106.5 kNm / m Mu = 82.11 kNm / m 104.3 kPa
Shear Check (ACI 318-02 11.1.1, 11.3.1)
350 mm
a / 1 20.59 mm / 0.850
t = 0.0332 0.004 #5 @ 200 mm
Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.5.1)
Mn = 106.5 kNm / m < 4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 82.11 kNm / m = 109.5 kNm / m
125.8 kPa 63.38 kPa63.38 kPa
3 f'c 3 24 MPa 125.8 kPa
As_min = d = 292.1 mm = 21.56 mm
fy 420 MPa
200 d / fy = 200 292.1 mm / 420 MPa = 24.36 mm
As_min = 24.36 mm
As = 25.4 mm As_min = 24.36 mm
Shrinkage Temperature Steel (ACI 318-02 7.12.2)
AST 141.9 mm
ST_prov = = = 0.0020
t sST 350 mm 200 mm
0.0018 60000 0.0018 60000
ST_min = = = 0.0018
fy 420 MPa
ST_min = 0.0018
ST_prov = 0.0020 ST_min = 0.0018
18 inch limit governs
sST_max = 457.2 mm
sST = 200 mm
Development (ACI
Check sST_max = 457.2
318-02 mm12.2.3)
12.12,
= 1.0 bar not epoxy - coated
= 0.80 bars are #6 or smaller
s/2 = 200 mm / 2 = 100 mm
cover + db / 2 = 50 mm + 15.88 mm / 2 = 57.94 mm
c = 57.94 mm lesser of half spacing, ctr to surface
= 1.0 12 inches or less cast below - 1.97 inches
= 1.0 normal weight concrete
Ktr = 0 mm no transverse reinforcement
c + Ktr / db = 57.94 mm + 0 mm / 15.88 mm = 3.6496
3. fy 3. 420 MPa 1.0 1.0 0.80 1.0
ld = db = 15.88 mm = 39.34 cm term 'c plus Ktr over db' limited to 2.5
40 2.5 40 2.5
f'c 24 MPa
Mu / Mn = 82.11 kNm / m / 106.5 kNm / m = 0.7709
Excess reinforcement reduction of 12.3.3 a applies: ld = 30.33 cm
12 inch minimum controls
ld_prov = 135 cm ld = 30.48 cm
350 mm
0.85 f'c 0.85 24 MPa #4 @ 200 mm
Mn = As fy d - a / 2
= 0.90 16.39 mm 420 MPa 293.6 mm - 13.28 mm / 2
= 69.99 kNm / m (neglect bearing pressure)
Mn = 69.99 kNm / m Mu = 52.36 kNm / m
Shear Check (ACI 318-02 11.1.1, 11.3.1)
350 mm
d 293.6 mm #4 @ 200 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0534
a / 1 13.28 mm / 0.850
t = 0.0534 0.004 (neglect bearing pressure)
Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.5.1) 104.7 kN/m
Mn = 69.99 kNm / m 4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 52.36 kNm / m = 69.81 kNm / m
Check is waived per ACI 10.5.3
Shrinkage Temperature Steel (ACI 318-02 7.12.2)
AST 141.9 mm
ST_prov = = = 0.0020
t sST 350 mm 200 mm
0.0018 60000 0.0018 60000
ST_min = = = 0.0018
fy 420 MPa
ST_min = 0.0018
ST_prov = 0.0020 ST_min = 0.0018
18 inch limit governs
sST_max = 457.2 mm
sST = 200 mm sST_max = 457.2 mm
Development Check (ACI 318-02 12.12, 12.2.3)
= 1.0 bar not epoxy - coated
= 0.80 bars are #6 or smaller
s/2 = 200 mm / 2 = 100 mm
cover + db / 2 = 50 mm + 12.7 mm / 2 = 56.35 mm
c = 56.35 mm lesser of half spacing, ctr to surface
= 1.0 12 inches or less cast below - 11.31 inches
= 1.0 normal weight concrete
Ktr = 0 mm no transverse reinforcement
c + Ktr / db = 56.35 mm + 0 mm / 12.7 mm = 4.4370
3. fy 3. 420 MPa 1.0 1.0 0.80 1.0
ld = db = 12.7 mm = 31.47 cm term 'c plus Ktr over db' limited to 2.5
40 2.5 40 2.5
f'c 24 MPa
Mu / Mn = 52.36 kNm / m / 69.99 kNm / m = 0.7481
Excess reinforcement reduction of 12.3.3 a applies: ld = 23.54 cm
12 inch minimum controls
ld_prov = 175 cm ld = 30.48 cm
2.4 2.4
2 2
1.6 1.6
-5.55 kPa
1.2 1.2
0.8 0.8
0.4 0.4
-25.92 kPa
-26.04kPa
-1.17 kPa -38.37 kPa
132.3 kN/m -25.92 kPa
-38.36 kPa 0 0
-160 -120 -80 -40 0 0 35 70 105 140
Moment (kNm/m) Shear (kN/m)
-147.25 kNm/m
-5.55 kPa
-0 kPa
2.88
2.56
2.24
1.92
1.28
0.96
0.64
0.32
0
-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100
Moment (kNm/m)
2.88
2.56
2.24
1.92
1.28
0.96
0.64
0.32
0
-250 -166.67 -83.33 0 83.33 166.7 250
Shear (kN/m)
3 f'c 3 24 MPa
As_min = d = 342.1 mm = 25.25 mm
fy 420 MPa
200 d / fy = 200 342.1 mm / 420 MPa = 28.53 mm
As_min = 28.53 mm
As = 33.87 mm As_min = 28.53 mm
Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.5.1) @ 1.2 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
Mn = 70.3 kNm / m 4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 36.54 kNm / m = 48.72 kNm / m
Check is waived per ACI 10.5.3
Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.5.1) @ 3.2 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
Mn = 0 kNm / m 4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 0 kNm / m = 0 kNm / m
Check is waived per ACI 10.5.3
Maximum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.3.5) @ 0 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
1 = 0.850 f'c 4000 psi
As fy 33.87 mm 420 MPa
a = = = 27.45 mm
0.85 f'c 0.85 24 MPa
d 342.1 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0288
a / 1 27.45 mm / 0.850
t = 0.0288 0.004
Maximum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.3.5) @ 1.2 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
1 = 0.850 f'c 4000 psi
As fy 16.93 mm 420 MPa
a = = = 13.73 mm
0.85 f'c 0.85 24 MPa
d 285.8 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0501
a / 1 13.73 mm / 0.850
t = 0.0501 0.004
Maximum Steel Check (ACI 318-02 10.3.5) @ 3.2 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
1 = 0.850 f'c 4000 psi
As fy 16.93 mm 420 MPa
a = = = 13.73 mm
0.85 f'c 0.85 24 MPa
d 192.1 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0327
a / 1 13.73 mm / 0.850
t = 0.0327 0.004