Change Analysis Chart (8,000 BCE-600 B.C.E.

) Name ________________________________
Era #1: Technological & Environmental Transformations Hour ___ April 20, 2013

Key Continuities
Characteristics at Characteristics at Analysis of
Theme Beginning of period Key Changes End of period Changes/Continuities
small groups of nomads dependence on environ for survival (water, world pop -100 mill Neolithic/Ag Rev
(20-30/tribe) food, energy) more reliable food supply cultural/tech diffusion
1. Human-Environ world pop -5 million agricultural diversity spread of disease, tech
Interaction hunter-gatherers writing systems Ag Rev agric diversity
(Demography, stone tools, fire early, medicine tech innovations
humans settled on all River Valley Civs founded (3000 B.C.E.) improved agric, trade,
disease, migration Neolithic/Ag Rev irrigation
technology) continents transportation
little/no medicine pottery, plows, textiles, metallurgy, wheels
unreliable food supply & vehicles
domesticated animals
animistic religion relig tied to environ and/or political elites writing, record keeping, increase in pop surplus
2. Culture
no agriculture human desire for creativity, expression literature of goods need to
(Religions,
cave paintings Religions: Vedic/ account
philosophies,
no human architecture Hinduism, Judaism, human desire/need for
Science, invention of writing, record keeping, Zoroastrianism meaning for big
technology, art, literature questions religion
architecture)

3. Politics (State- no organized political unequal treatment favored elites Empires & Civs: increase in pop need to
building, conflict, units, cities, or states rulers/elites often claimed divinity or divine Sumeria, Akkadia, Egypt, organize, control, &
Political structures, largest community of support Nubia, Olmec, Shang, coordinate populations
Empires, Revolts humans were H-G bands, Zhou, Bantus, Greece,
codification of laws (Hammurabi, Manu)
and revolution 30-50 people Maurya

Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
2 Era #1: Technological & Environmental Transformations (8,000 BCE-600 B.C.E.) April 20, 2013

Characteristics at Key Continuities Characteristics at Analysis of

Theme Beginning of period Key Changes End of period Changes/Continuities
hunting-gathering trade for unavailable goods, no one civ/ had trade = regional/inter- desire for more food,
4. Economics (Agric,
small scale/short distance all desired goods. regional goods, better life
trade, commerce,
trade for goods specialized labor in urban spec of labor more
labors systems,
unavailable locally areas efficient production
industrialization, specialization of labor
men (likely) hunted, slaves do least desirable cultural & tech diffusion
capitalism, cooperative agriculture (irrigation)
women gathered work (pastoralists)
socialism) development of slavery
pastoralism
5. Social (Gender (likely) gender-based patriarchy (since beg of Agric. Rev.) social hierarchies, Agric Rev social
roles/relations, division of type, but not political & relig elites hierarchies, specialization
family, racial & value of labor patriarchy in politics & of labor
ethnic construct- development of social hierarchies (elites, relig
ions, social and Brahmin, rulers, etc.)
economic classes

Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Change Analysis Chart (600 BCE-600 C.E.) Name ________________________________
Era #2: Organization & Reorganization of Human Societies Hour ___ April 20, 2013

Key Continuities
Characteristics at Characteristics at Analysis of
Theme Beginning of period Key Changes End of period Changes/Continuities
world pop -100 mill dependence on geog for raw materials world pop -200 mill imperial govts
reliable food supply demand for raw materials & luxury goods environmental damage, environ damage (Han,
agricultural diversity deforestation, Rome, Maurya, Gupta)
1. Human-Environ writing systems desertification, erosion)
Interaction early, medicine cities/capitals served as
(Demography, better medicine, architecture, metallurgy
road/transportation systems & routes centers of relig, trade, &
disease, migration political activity
technology) Muslim Ag Rev/irrigation (qanats, norias)
new technologies (stirrup, saddle, yokes)
domestic pack animals (camels, horses, oxen)
longer migration & trade routes
writing, record keeping, shamanism / animism cities served as cultural Cities provide the
2. Culture literature ancestor veneration centers, relig, politics critical mass reqd
(Religions, Religions: Vedic/ each empire had its own Relig: Axial Age theory
philosophies, Hinduism, Judaism, religion(s) (e.g. relig & geog influenced
Science, Zoroastrianism Hebrew scriptures, Diaspora Buddhism, Christianity, arts & literature
technology, art, Vedic relig / Hinduisms scriptures Confucianism, Hinduism, political & relig rule(rs)
architecture) New religions/faiths Judaism) often merged
lit & arch developed cultural styles
Empires & Civs: Olmec, rulers often claimed divinity / support Empires: Large, Regional empires grew beyond
3. Politics (State- Egypt, Zhou, Greece, military threats from outsiders in Size (Byzantium, their ability to administer
building, conflict, Bantus, Maurya Gupta, Han, Maya, tech of the day limited
Political structures, Nazca, Persia, Rome, imperial administration,
Empires, Revolts # & size of states grew dramatically Toltec) communication, control
and revolution administrative techniques (bureaucracies, established administrative
legal systems, diplomacy) bureaucracies

Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
4 Organization & Reorganization of Human Societies (600 BCE-600 C.E.) April 20, 2013

Characteristics at Key Continuities Characteristics at Analysis of

Theme Beginning of period Key Changes End of period Changes/Continuities
4. Economics (Agric, trade = regional/inter- demand for raw materials & luxury goods wide range of work, Agriculture still the
trade, commerce, regional slavery (debt, political/relig opponents, war prisoners) corve, slavery, rents, predominant
labors systems, specialized labor in urban tributes, family-based occupation
industrialization, areas trans-regional trade networks (Silk Roads, trade networks made most people had little
capitalism, slaves do least desirable Trans-Sahara, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, diffusion quicker, easier, access to distant/luxury
socialism) work American) cheaper goods
social hierarchies, patriarchy shaped gender & family relations social structures incl difficulties of administer-
political & relig elites in all empires farmers, unskilled ing large empires
5. Social (Gender patriarchy in politics & laborers, slaves, artisans, social tensions
roles/relations, religion merchants, elites & caste inequality among social
family, racial & groups, soldiers classes envy, hostility
ethnic construct- social tensions created by inequality of
ions, social and wealth, military defeats, economic decline
economic classes

Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Change Analysis Chart (600-1450 C.E.) Name ________________________________
Regional and Transregional Interactions Hour ___ April 20, 2013

Key Continuities
Characteristics at Characteristics at Analysis of
Theme Beginning of period Key Changes End of period Changes/Continuities
world pop -200 mill diseases/pathogens still spread easily, though world pop -400 mill migrations & trade
1. Human-Environ environmental damage, amount/degree of spread increased spread of languages, diffusion of languages,
Interaction deforestation, dramatically (e.g. Bubonic Plague) cultures, religions religions, cultures,
(Demography, desertification, erosion) hemispheric exposure to technologies
disease, migration cities/capitals served as new migrations (Vikings, Berbers, Polynesians, diseases (Afro-Eurasia)
Bantus)
technology) centers of relig, trade, &
inter-regional travelers (Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta)
political activity
cities served as cultural Confucianism & Buddhism in E. Asia dar al Islam Merchants & mission-
centers, relig, politics greater contact among aries traveling into new
2. Culture each empire had its own cultures (Crusades, Silk areas cult diff (Sufi
(Religions, religion(s) (e.g. Roads, dar al Islam) Muslims India; Buddhism
philosophies, Buddhism, Christianity, SE Asia & Silk Roads;
Science, new constructions (Grand Canal) Christianity Kievan Rus)
Confucianism, Hinduism, Schism (Catholic-E. Orthodoxy)
technology, art, Judaism)
architecture) Muslim tech (medicine, hospitals, algebra)
Islam, 622 C.E. Islams spread: IberiaArabiaSE Asia
Confucianism spreadJapan & SE Asia
Empires: Large, Regional traditional symbols & methods of power & Regional and Trans- larger empires cult
in Size (Maya, Byzantium, legitimacy (temples, patriarchy) Regional Empires diffusion
3. Politics (State- Umayyad, Gupta, Tang) political diffusion (political ideas from one (Mongols, Delhi, Ottomans, admin methods larger
established administrative Ming, Aztec)
building, conflict, empire to another) empires
bureaucracies privilege of elites over lower classes traditional & new
Political structures, administrative techniques
Empires, Revolts new methods of managing empires: city-
and revolution states (E Africa), sultanate (Ottoman, Delhi)
caliphate & caesaropapism combined
political & religious authority

Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
6 Regional and Transregional Interactions (600-1450 C.E.) April 20, 2013

Key Continuities
Characteristics at Characteristics at Analysis of
Theme Beginning of period Key Changes End of period Changes/Continuities
trade = regional/inter- luxury goods still common in trade routes regional trading zones: larger trans-regional
regional slavery Indian Ocean empires easier long-
specialized labor in urban Silk Roads distance trade
areas trans-Saharan new/improved technolo-
4. Economics (Agric,
slaves do least desirable Silk Roads reinvigorated after Han/ Rome, Mediterranean giesincreased trade
trade, commerce,
work reach height during Mongols E Asia (Zheng He)
labors systems,
cities specifically focused as trading centers: E Atlantic coast
industrialization,
(Timbuktu, Calicut, Melaka, Venice, Tenochtitlan) Americas
capitalism,
socialism) drove politics
longer dist inter-regional trade aided by new
technologies (compass, astrolabe, checks, credit,
banks, paper money)
Trade Guilds (Hanseatic League)
social hierarchies, social hierarchy mostly patriarchal, clear social hierarchies size of empires required
5. Social (Gender political & relig elites class/caste-based. w/in empires toleration of multiple
roles/relations, patriarchy in politics & variation among empires ethnicities
family, racial & religion patriarchy still most biological basis/
some cultures gave women greater autonomy common rationalization (?) of
ethnic construct- (Mongols, W Africa, Japan, SE Asia)
ions, social and patriarchy
large empires incorporated dozens of ethnic
economic classes groups

Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Change Analysis Chart (1450-1750 C.E.) Name ________________________________
Global Interactions Hour ___ April 20, 2013

Key Continuities
Characteristics at Characteristics at Analysis of
Theme Beginning of period Key Changes End of period Changes/Continuities
world pop -400 mill Regional/Hemispheric migrations world pop -800 mill Columbian Exchange
hemispheric cultural E African slave trade (small compared to Atlantic) mixed ethnic/racial nutrition, life exp, pop
diffusion groups (Mestizos, Zambos, growth
hemispheric exposure to trans-hemispheric & global migrations Mets) econ opportunity trans-
1. Human-Environ (Columbian Exch)
Interaction diseases (Afro-Eurasia) people (voluntary & involuntary) Atlantic migrations (not all
voluntarily)
(Demography, animals, crops, diseases (horses, pigs, wheat,
disease, migration maize, smallpox, measles, STDs) gender imbalance
technology) better nutrition for Afro-Eurasia inter-marriage
cash crops (tobacco, sugar)
trans-Atlantic slave trade
mixed-race populations & ideologies
American pop (plummeted, then rebounded)
dar al Islam cultural forms of art flourished (Ming porcelain, global network of increased global inter-
greater contact among European Renaissance) cultural influences begins action syncretic
2. Culture religions spread (Buddhism Asia, Islam (v. small compared to today)
cultures (Crusades, Silk religions, artistic cross-
(Religions, Roads, dar al Islam) Asia/Africa) increased diversity w/in influences, govt attempts
philosophies, & among religions
secular science vs. religion (Enlightenment) to limit (Tokugawa)
Science,
cross-cultural artistic influence Prot RefChristianity
technology, art,
syncretic religions (Vodun, Sikhism)
architecture)
Protestant Christianity
Regional and Trans- land-based empires (Ottoman, Ming/Qing, increased complexity & global economy
Regional Empires Sultanate of Delhi, Mughal, Russia) competition increased competition
3. Politics (State- (Mongols, Delhi, Ottomans, minorities used for econ global size govt
building, conflict, Ming, Aztec)
profit (pol rights) complexity (Samurai, Ming
Political structures, traditional & new sea based empires (Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, scholar-bureaucrats, Ottoman
Empires, Revolts administrative techniques Gr. Brit) devshirme)
and revolution European hegemony Americas (Asia) Concept of Natural
Rights (Locke)

Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
8 Global Interactions (1450-1750 C.E.) April 20, 2013

Key Continuities
Characteristics at Characteristics at Analysis of
Theme Beginning of period Key Changes End of period Changes/Continuities
regional trading zones: profitable required for financing global stage set for Industrial Columbian Exch
Indian Ocean empires/trade Revolution profits from labor
Silk Roads
4. Economics (Agric, slavery demand for labor labor demand,
trans-Saharan
trade, commerce, Mediterranean Indentured servitude
labors systems, E Asia (Ming, Zheng He) global trade patterns emerged/evolved
industrialization, E Atlantic coast joint-stock cos developed global trade (EIC,
capitalism, Americas VOC)
socialism) mercantilism, triangle trade
trans-Atlantic slave trade
proto-industrialism (sugar plantations engenhos)
5. Social (Gender clear social hierarchies patriarchy new members & Global trade massive
roles/relations, w/in empires definitions of elites in economic transfers within
family, racial & variation among empires many societies & among cultures
ethnic construct- patriarchy still most Europeans dominated American social
ions, social and common classes (variation among Span/Port/ Eng/Fr)
economic classes

Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Change Analysis Chart (1750-1900 C.E.) Name ________________________________
Industrialization and Global Integration Hour ___ April 20, 2013

Key Continuities
Characteristics at Characteristics at Analysis of
Theme Beginning of period Key Changes End of period Changes/Continuities
world pop -800 mill majority occupation = farmers world pop -1,650 mill Ind Rev search for
mixed ethnic/racial groups Industrial Revolution natural resources
1. Human- (Mestizos, Zambos, Mets) urbanization Causes of Migrations:
Environ Beginning of Ind. Rev. vaccinations, hospitals, Employment (voluntry)
Interaction (clearer in retrospect) better medicine Political Oppression
fossil fuel-based machines (steam, coal) longer life expectancy in Poverty/Opportunity
(Demography,
Massive migrations, both trans-continental & W. Eur/US Ind. Rev. Imperialism
disease, migration
intra-regional Ind. Rev. need & search
technology)
agriculture-only economies for resources
need for metals
global network of cul- traditional religions (new continents) Ethnic enclaves of Social Darwinism
2. Culture tural influences (very small migrants in new places justified Imperialism
(Religions, compared to today) Migration far flung
philosophies, increased diversity w/in & ethnic communities
Science, among religions New Imperialism in Africa & Asia
technology, art, Science separate from identity increasingly tied to the state
architecture) religion new technologies (Ind. Rev.)
Social Darwinism (Scientific Racism)
Concept of Natural Colonial powers in power European Dominance Ind Rev tech
Rights (Locke) war = instrument of diplomacy Imperialism, Nationalism Imperialism
3. Politics (State-
Enlightenment Pol
building, conflict, Enlightenment (started c. 1700) Revs (U.S., French, Haiti,
Pol structures, protests against worker exploitation Latin Am, Mexico, China)
Empires, Revolts Rebel/Revolutions vs. Colonial powers
& revolution Communism, Socialism
workers form unions, strikes, protests

Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
10 Industrialization and Global Integration (1750-1900 C.E.) April 20, 2013

Key Continuities
Characteristics at Characteristics at Analysis of
Theme Beginning of period Key Changes End of period Changes/Continuities
Columbian Exch/Trading profit motive Mercantilism, Colonialism, multi-natl businesses Location, natural re-
zones Capitalism, Imperialism, global trade/productn sources, agric produc-
4. Economics stage set for Industrial labor specialization Ind. Rev. Euro U.S., tivity, legally protect
(Agric, trade, Revolution Japan, Russia profits, maritime empires
commerce, labors Factories need supplies
demand for labor Industrial Revolution trade zone of interaction
systems, population need food
Slavery, Serfdom, single-export economies (banana reps) much more global transp & comm techs
industrialization, Indentured servitude Stock Markets/Exch
financial inst. (corporations, trans-natl) Adam Smiths laissez
capitalism, wage labor (salary)
socialism) workers unions faire capitalism
Slavery & serfdom (officially) abolished
Economic imperialism ($ Diplomacy)
5. Social (Gender clear social hierarchies patriarchy ( ; womens suffrage Ind Rev social mobility
roles/relations, w/in empires mvmnts
family, racial & variation among empires
ethnic construct- patriarchy still most new classes (proletariat & bourgeoisie/
ions, social and common middle class) w/ social mobility
economic classes Gender roles redefined (by Ind. Rev.)

Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Change Analysis Chart (1900-present) Name ________________________________
Accelerating Global Change and Realignments Hour ___ April 20, 2013

Key Continuities
Characteristics at Characteristics at Analysis of
Theme Beginning of period Key Changes End of period Changes/Continuities
world pop -1,650 mill world pop -6.7 billion
1. Human-Environ Industrial Revolution
Interaction urbanization
(Demography, vaccinations, hospitals,
disease, migration better medicine
technology) longer life expectancy in
W. Eur/US
2. Culture Ethnic enclaves of
(Religions, migrants in new places
philosophies,
Science,
technology, art,
architecture)
3. Politics (State- European Dominance
building, conflict, Imperialism, Nationalism
Political structures,
Empires, Revolts
and revolution

Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
12 Accelerating Global Change and Realignments (1900-present) April 20, 2013

Key Continuities
Characteristics at Characteristics at Analysis of
Theme Beginning of period Key Changes End of period Changes/Continuities
multi-natl businesses Globalization
4. Economics (Agric, global trade/productn Multinational Corps
trade, commerce, Ind. Rev. Euro U.S., (MNCs)
labors systems, Japan, Russia
industrialization, trade zone of interaction growth of # & size of MNCs
capitalism, much more global Ind Rev spread through much of world
socialism) Stock Markets/Exch
wage labor (salary)
5. Social (Gender womens suffrage
roles/relations, mvmnts
family, racial &
ethnic construct-
ions, social and
economic classes

Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org