Daily Lesson Plan of Science Form 1

Chapter 1: Introduction to Scientific Investigation

Theme : Scientific method

Learning area : Introduction to scientific investigation
Content standard : Science is part of everyday life
Learning standard : Relate daily activities with science
Give the meaning of science
Give the importance of science fields in daily life.
State the science fields.
Communicate about the careers in the science fields
Learning activity : Discuss daily activities relating to the definition of science
Discuss the importance of science
Explain the fields and careers in science
(Activity1.1)
Reflection :

Theme : Scientific method

Learning area : Introduction to scientific investigation
Content standard : Your science laboratory
Learning standard : Identify and state the functions of the common apparatus
Identify the symbols and examples of hazardous
substances in the laboratory
Draw and label the common apparatus used in the
laboratory and classify them based on their uses.
Justify the rules and safety measures in the laboratory
Learning activity : Carry out activities to identify the following:
common apparatus used in the laboratory
symbols and examples of hazardous substances in the
laboratory
Discuss the following:
rules in the laboratory
safety measures
steps to prevent fire
actions that need to be taken if accidents occur in the
science laboratory, such as touching or ingesting
chemicals, accidentally getting cut and inhaling poisonous
gas
(Activity 1.2 & 1.3)
Reflection :

1
Theme : Scientific method
Learning area : Introduction to scientific investigation
Content standard : Physical quantities and their units.
Learning standard : Identify and use the correct units for different physical
quantities
Identify symbols and the symbols for the prefix values
used in measurement
Convert the units of physical quantities
Justify the importance of the use of S.I. units in everyday
life
Learning activity : Carry out activities relating to physical quantities
Collect and interpret data about the symbols of prefix
values
Solve problems involving changes in the units of physical
quantities
(Activity 1.4)
Reflection :

Theme : Scientific method

Learning area : Introduction to scientific investigation
Content standard : The use of measuring tools, accuracy, precision, sensitivity
and error
Learning standard : Use the correct tools and correct ways to measure the
quantity of length accurately and precisely
Explain how to overcome random error
Learning activity : Carry out activities, using measuring tools such as the ruler
and measuring tape
Taking of readings a few times to obtain an accurate
reading
(Activity 1.5)
Reflection :

Theme : Scientific method

Learning area : Introduction to scientific investigation
Content standard : The use of measuring tools, accuracy, precision, sensitivity
and error
Learning standard : Use the correct tools and correct ways to measure the
quantity of length accurately and precisely
Use measuring tools accurately to compare the accuracy,
precision and sensitivity. Use the correct tools and correct
ways to measure the quantity of length accurately and
precisely in measurements.
Explain how to overcome systematic error
Learning activity : Carry out acitivities, using tools such as the vernier
callipers, micrometer screw gauge, digital vernier callipers
and digital micrometer screw gauge
Taking of readings a few times to obtain an accurate
reading
(Activity 1.6)
Reflection :

2
Theme : Scientific method
Learning area : Introduction to scientific investigation
Content standard : The use of measuring tools, accuracy, precision, sensitivity
and error
Learning standard : Estimate the area of objects before conducting the actual
measurement
Use the correct tools and correct ways to measure the
volume of solutions
Learning activity : Carry out activities in problem solving to relate the skill of
estimation and the actual measurement
Carry out activities, using measuring tools such as the
measuring cylinder
Taking of readings a few times to obtain an accurate
reading
(Activity 1.7 & 1.8)
Reflection :

Theme : Scientific method

Learning area : Introduction to scientific investigation
Content standard : The use of measuring tools, accuracy, precision, sensitivity
and error
Learning standard : Use the correct tools and correct ways to measure the quantity
of mass and time accurately and precisely
Learning activity : Carry out activities, using the stopwatch, triple beam
balance, lever balance and digital balance
Taking of readings a few times to obtain an accurate
reading
(Activity 1.9)
Reflection :

Theme : Scientific method

Learning area : Introduction to scientific investigation
Content standard : The use of measuring tools, accuracy, precision, sensitivity
and error
Learning standard : Use the correct tools and correct ways to measure the quantity
of temperature accurately and precisely
Learning activity : Carry out activities, using the laboratory thermometer,
digital thermometer and clinical thermometer
Taking of readings a few times to obtain an accurate
reading
(Activity 1.10)
Reflection :

3
Theme : Scientific method
Learning area : Introduction to scientific investigation
Content standard : The use of measuring tools, accuracy, precision, sensitivity
and error
Learning standard : Use the correct tools and correct ways to measure the quantity
of electric current accurately and precisely
Learning activity : Carry out activities, using the ammeter and voltmeter
Introduction of the digital rangefinder
(Activity 1.11)
Reflection :

Theme : Scientific method

Learning area : Introduction to scientific investigation
Content standard : Density
Learning standard : Arrange substances according to their densities
Predict whether a substance will float or sink based on
density
Define operationally the meaning of density
Explain the phenomena based on different densities in
everyday life
Learning activity : Carry out scientific investigation about the relationship
between the mass and density of various solids that have
the same density such as using density cubes
Solve problems involving the density by using a formula
Discuss the phenomena in everyday life involving different
densities
(Activity 1.12)
Reflection :

Theme : Scientific method

Learning area : Introduction to scientific investigation
Content standard : Density
Learning standard : Calculate density by using the formula:
density = m/v, and the water displacement method

Learning activity : Carry out an activity to determine the density of a solid by

using the water displacement method
Solve problems involving density by using a formula
(Activity 1.13)
Reflection :

4
Theme : Scientific method
Learning area : Introduction to scientific investigation
Content standard : Steps in the scientific investigation
Learning standard : Differentiate between the science process skills
Arrange the steps in a scientific investigation in the correct
order
Carry out a scientific investation to solve a simple problem
Learning activity : Create and carry out an experiment to explain the steps of the
scientific method.
(Activity 1.14)
Reflection :

5
Chapter 2: Cell as a Basic Unit of Life

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Cell as a unit of life
Content standard : Cell structure, function and organisation
Learning standard : Explain that living things are made up of cells that carry
out life functions and undergo cell division.
Show the correct method of preparation of slides of animal
and plant cells
Learning activity : Carry out scientific investigation on animal and plant cells
by using a microscope.
Draw and label an animal cell and a plant cell observed
under a microscope.
(Activity 2.1 & 2.2)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Cell as a unit of life
Content standard : Cell structure, function and organisation
Learning standard : Communicate on the functions of each part of a cell
Learning activity : Explain the structure of an animal cell that consists of the
cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria
(mitochondrion singular), and the structure of a plant cell
that consists of the nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane,
mitochondria, chloroplasts and vacuole.
Discuss the formation of cancerous cells
(Activity 2.3)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Cell as a unit of life
Content standard : Cell structure, function and organisation
Learning standard : Explain, with examples, the characteristics of unicellular
organisms and multicellular organisms for both animals and
plants.
Learning activity : Explain by using thinking maps, to characterise unicellular and
multicellular organisms
(Activity 2.4)
Reflection :

6
Theme : Management and continuity of life
Learning area : Cell as a unit of life
Content standard : Cell structure, function and organisation
Learning standard : Differentiate between the types and functions of animal
and plant cells
Conceptualise the formation of organisms according to the
levels of cell organisation
Cells tissuesorgans systems organism
Learning activity : Explain the types and functions of human cells nerve
cells, epithelial cells, muscular cells, reproductive cells and
blood cells
Explain the types and functions of plant cells leaf
palisade cells, guard cells, epidermal cells and root hair
cells
Explain the systems in the human body such as the nervous
system, digestive system, support system, excretory
system, respiratory system, reproductive system, lymphatic
system, blood circulatory system and muscular system.
(Activity 2.5 & 2.6)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Cell as a unit of life
Content standard : Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Learning standard : Communication on cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Differentiate between cellular respiration and
photosynthesis
Explain how the processes of cellular respiration and
photosynthesis complement each other
Learning activity : Cellular respiration requires oxygen and glucose to
produce energy, carbon dioxide and water
Carry out an activity to show the presence of starch in a
leaf
(Activity 2.7 & 2.8)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Cell as a unit of life
Content standard : Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Learning standard : Communination on the process of photosynthesis
Learning activity : Carry out an experiment to show that photosynthesis requires
carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen
(Activity 2.9)
Reflection :

7
Theme : Management and continuity of life
Learning area : Cell as a unit of life
Content standard : Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Learning standard : Communination on the process of photosynthesis
Learning activity : Carry out an experiment to show that photosynthesis requires
light energy to produce glucose and oxygen
(Activity 2.10)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Cell as a unit of life
Content standard : Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Learning standard : Communination on the process of photosynthesis
Learning activity : Carry out an experiment to show that photosynthesis requires
chlorophyll to produce glucose and oxygen
(Activity 2.11)
Reflection :

8
Chapter 3: Coordination and Response

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Coordination and response
Content standard : Homeostasis in living things
Learning standard : Communiation on the meaning of homeostasis
Explain examples of systems involved in homeostasis in
humans and animals.
Appreciate the importance of homeostasis to humans and
living things.
Learning activity : Explain homeostasis by using the example of regulation of the
water content and body temperature
(Activity 3.1)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Coordination and response
Content standard : Homeostasis in living things
Learning standard : Explain examples of systems involved in homeostasis in
humans and animals
Learning activity : Carry out an experiment to show the biological response to
changes in order to stabilise the body condition, e.g. the rate of
heartbeat increases when heavy work is done.
(Activity 3.2)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Coordination and response
Content standard : Homeostasis in living things
Learning standard : Explain examples of systems involved in homeostasis in plants
Learning activity : Carry out an activity to study transpiration and the regulation
of water in plants
(Activity 3.3)
Reflection :

9
Chapter 4: Reproduction

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Reproduction
Content standard : Sexual and asexual reproductions
Learning standard : Compare and differentiate between sexual and asexual
reproduction of animals and plants
Reasoning the importance of reproduction
Appreciate the ability to produce offspring as a gift from
God
Learning activity : Explain the methods of sexual reproduction i.e. internal
and external fertilisation
Explain various methods of asexual reproduction i.e.
binary fission, budding, spore formation, vegetative
reproduction, regeneration and tissue culture
(Activity 4.1 & 4.2)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Reproduction
Content standard : The human reproductive system
Learning standard : Identify the structure and functions of the male
reproductive system
Communication on the physical changes during puberty
Compare and differentiate between the male and female
gametes in the reproductive system
Learning activity : Discuss the structure and functions of the male
reproductive system
Discuss the physical changes during puberty
Use a thinking map to compare and differentiate between
the male (sperm) and female (ovum) gametes in terms of
structure and functions
(Activity 4.3)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Reproduction
Content standard : The human reproductive system
Learning standard : Identify the structure and functions of the female
reproductive system
Communication on the physical changes during puberty
Learning activity : Discuss the structure and functions of the female
reproductive system
Discuss the physical changes during puberty
(Activity 4.4)
Reflection :

10
Theme : Management and continuity of life
Learning area : Reproduction
Content standard : The menstrual cycle
Learning standard : Communication on the menstrual cycle and the oder of the
changes in the uterine wall during menstruation
Relate the fertile phase and fertilisation
Justify the importance of personal hygiene during
menstruation
Learning activity : Explain menstruation and the menstrual cycle
Relate the fertile phase and fertilisation
Explain the importance of personal hygiene during
menstruation
Explain the effects of an unstable menstrual cycle on
health
(Activity 4.5)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Reproduction
Content standard : Fertilisation and pregnancy
Learning standard : Communicate on fertilisation and the implantation of the
embryo .
Justify the importance and functions of the placenta and
umbilical cord
State the development of a zygote into an embryo and
subsequently into a foetus until birth
Learning activity : Explain fertilisation, implantation of the embryo and
development of the zygote to the embryo and subsequently into
the foetus until birth (Activity 4.6)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Reproduction
Content standard : Factors affecting the development of the foetus into a baby
Sterility and birth control
Learning standard : Relate the importance of taking nutritious food to the
health of both the mother and foetus during pregnancy
kehamilan.
Communicate on sterility and ways to overcome sterility
Learning activity : Explain the taking of nutritious food during pregnancy
Solve the problem of abortion or giving birth to an
unhealthy baby caused by the life style of a pregnant
women such as smoking, taking drugs and alcohol.
Methods of birth control of a married couple such as taking
contraceptive pills, implant, using condoms and the intra-
uterine contraceptive device (IUCD)
Ways to overcome sterility, i.e. hormone treatment,
surgery and in vitro method.
(Activity 4.7 & 4.8)
Reflection :

11
Theme : Management and continuity of life
Learning area : Reproduction
Content standard : Reproduction in plants
Learning standard : Communicate on the structure and functions of each part of a
flower
Learning activity : Cutting various types of flowers to identify the structure of the
flowers and their functions:
petals and sepals.
male part of the flower, i.e. the stamen which consists of
the filament, anther and pollen
the female part of flower, i.e. the pistil which consists of
the stigma, style and ovary
(Activity 4.9)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Reproduction
Content standard : Reproduction in plants
Learning standard : Justify the process of pollination
State fertilisation and explain the formation of seeds and
fruits in plants
Learning activity : Explain the process of pollination, i.e. self-pollination and
cross-pollination.
Explain the advantages of cross-pollination and the
application of cross-pollination in agriculture
Explain fertilisation in plants and the formation of fruits
and seeds
(Activity 4.10 & 4.11)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Reproduction
Content standard : Reproduction in plants
Learning standard : State the germination of seeds
Learning activity : Carry out an experiment to determine the conditions required
for seed germination
(Activity 4.12)
Reflection :

Theme : Management and continuity of life

Learning area : Reproduction
Content standard : Reproduction in plants
Learning standard : State the germination of seeds
Learning activity : Explain the functions of the parts of a seed
Explain the change in the shape of a germinated seed in
terms of growth of the radicle, plumule and the condition
of the cotyledon
(Activity 4.13 & 4.14)
Reflection :

12
Chapter 5: Matter

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Matter
Content standard : Matter in nature
Learning standard : State that almost all the things in nature are matter
Prove that living and non-living things have mass and
occupy space
Learning activity : Carry out an activity to show that living and non-living things
have mass and occupy space
(Activity 5.1)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Matter
Content standard : Matter in nature
Learning standard : Differentiate between the physical and chemical properties of
matter
Learning activity : Carry out activities to differentiate between:
the physical properties of matter such as the boiling and
melting points, solubility, heat conductivity
the chemical properties of matter such as rusting and
combustion
(Activity 5.2)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Matter
Content standard : Matter in nature
Learning standard : Separation of substances with various properties
Learning activity : Carry out activities to differentiate between the properties of
substances in respect of density, melting point, boiling point
and solubility
(Activity 5.3 & 5.4)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Matter
Content standard : Matter in nature
Learning standard : Separation of substances with different properties
Learning activity : Carry out to differentiate between the properties of substances
in respect of solubility
(Activity 5.5)
Reflection :

13
Theme : Exploration of elements in nature
Learning area : Matter
Content standard : The three states of matter
Learning standard : State that matter is made up of particles
Compare and differentiate between three states of matter
based on the kinetic theory in terms of the arrangement of
the particles and movement
Learning activity : Carry out a simulation to conceptualise that matter consists of
tiny and discrete particles
(Activity 5.6 & 5.7)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Matter
Content standard : The three states of matter
Learning standard : Using the relationship of space with time to differentiate
between the rate of diffusion of the three states of matter
Learning activity : Carry out an experiment to determine the rate of diffusion,
example: copper(II) sulphate in two states of matter (solid and
liquid)
(Activity 5.8)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Matter
Content standard : The three states of matter
Learning standard : State the changes of state of matter in terms of absorption
and release of heat, based on the kinetic theory
Conclude that the temperature remains unchanged during
melting/freezing and boiling
Learning activity : Use graphics to show boiling, evaporation, condensation,
freezing, melting and sublimation
Carry out an experiment to show that the temperature
remains unchanged during cooling and heating of water
(Activity 5.9 & 5.10)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Matter
Content standard : The three states of matter
Learning standard : Conclude that the mass remains unchanged during physical
changes
Explain, with examples, the changes of state of matter in
everyday life
Learning activity : Carry out an experiment to show that the mass remains
unchanged during physical changes such as changes of state of
matter and expansion by heat
(Activity 5.11)
Reflection :

14
Chapter 6: Periodic Table

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : The periodic table
Content standard : The classification of elements
Learning standard : Conclude that all matter is made up of atoms
Differentiate between an atom and a molecule, and an
element and a compound.
Learning activity : Explain the atomic structure and subatomic particles
(electrons, protons and neutrons)
Explain the difference between an atom and a molecule
Explain the difference between an element and a
compound
(Activity 6.1 & 6.2)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : The periodic table
Content standard : The classification of elements
Learning standard : Identify the positions of metals, non-metals and inert gases
in the periodic table
Differentiate between the properties of metals and non-
metals
Learning activity : Explain the positions of metals, non-metals and inert gases
in the periodic table
Differentiate between the properties of metals and non-
metals
(Activity 6.3)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : The periodic table
Content standard : The classification of elements
Learning standard : Differentiate between the properties of metals and non-metals
Learning activity : Carry out an activity to differentiate between the properties of
metals and non-metals
(Activity 6.4)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : The periodic table
Content standard : Mixtures
Learning standard : Communicate on examples of mixtures in everyday life
Solve problems of separating mixtures through activities
based on the differences in the properties of substances,
using physical methods
Learning activity : Carry out activities to explain the separation of mixtures, such
as filtration, distillation, separation by using a magnet,
sedimentation, flotation and chromatography (Activity 6.5)
Reflection :

15
Theme : Exploration of elements in nature
Learning area : The periodic table
Content standard : Compounds
Learning standard : Show the methods of formation of mixtures from metals
and non-metals .
Conclude that the mass is conserved during chemical
changes
Separate compounds through chemical methods
Learning activity : Carry out an activity of heating of a metal and a non-metal
to form a compound
Explain that the mass is conserved during chemical
changes
Explain that compounds can be separated through chemical
methods
(Activity 6.6)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : The periodic table
Content standard : Compounds
Learning standard : Differentiate between physical and chemical changes
Differentiate between a mixture and a compound
Learning activity : Explain the differences between physical and chemical
changes during the formation of compounds .
Compare and differentiate between a mixture and a
compound
(Activity 6.7)
Reflection :

16
Chapter 7: The Air

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Air
Content standard : Composition of air
Learning standard : Plan and record the composition of air
Explain the composition of air from a pie chart
Learning activity : Interpret the pie chart on the composition of air and realise
that air is a mixture
Carry out an activity to determine the percentage of
oxygen gas in air
(Activity 7.1 & 7.2)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Air
Content standard : Composition of air
Learning standard : Justify the importance of oxygen, carbon dioxide and inert
gases in everyday life
Appreciate and admire the carbon and oxygen cycles in
maintaining the percentage of the gases in air
Solve problems when there are disturbances in the oxygen
and carbon cycles on the Earth
Learning activity : Explain the importance of oxygen, carbon dioxide and
inert gases in everyday life
Explain the oxygen and carbon cycles
Explain the way the oxygen and carbon cycles maintain the
percentage of the gases in the atmosphere
Explain the effect of adding carbon dioxide to the air on
living things and the environment
(Activity 7.3, 7.4 & 7.5)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Air
Content standard : Combustion
Learning standard : Conclude the conditions required for combustion
Relate the conditions of combustion to the principle in the
manufacture of fire extinguishers
Learning activity : Carry out an activity to prove that oxygen, heat and fuel
are needed for combustion
List the substances used as fire extinguishers for different
sources of fire
(Activity 7.6, & 7.7)
Reflection :

17
Theme : Exploration of elements in nature
Learning area : Air
Content standard : Air pollution
Learning standard : Define the meaning of air pollution and air pollutants
Communicate on air pollutants and their sources
Justify the steps in the prevention and control of air
pollution
Solve problems on the adverse effects caused by air
pollution
Learning activity : Explain the meaning of air pollution such as haze that often
occurs in our country and the source of air polutants
Steps taken by the autorities in controlling air pollution
Adverse effects of air pollution on living things and the
environment and the ways to solve this problem.
(Activity 7.8, 7.9 & 7.10)
Reflection :

18
Chapter 8: Light and Optics

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Light and optics
Content standard : Use of mirrors
Learning standard : Differentiate between a real image and a virtual image
Learning activity : Carry out an activity by using a screen and a plane mirror to
differentiate between real and virtual images (Activity 8.1)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Light and optics
Content standard : Use of mirrors
Learning standard : Communicate on the characteristics of images formed by a
concave mirror and a convex mirror
Justify the application of concave mirrors and convex
mirrors in everyday life
Learning activity : Carry out an activity to determine the characteristics of the
images formed when light rays pass through a concave
mirror (enlarges the image) and a convex mirror
(diminishes the image).
Explain the application of concave mirrors and convex
mirrors
(Activity 8.2)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Light and optics
Content standard : Use of mirrors
Learning standard : Communicate on the characteristics of an image in a plane
mirror
State that the object distance is the same as the image
distance in a plane mirror
Learning activity : Carry out an activity to determine the characteristics of the
image formed when light rays pass through a plane mirror and
sketch the object distance and image distance in a plane mirror
(Activity 8.3)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Light and optics
Content standard : Use of mirrors
Learning standard : Use a plane mirror to apply the concept of reflection of
light
Build an optical instrument and appreciate the use of this
optical instrument in improving the ability of the human
senses
Learning activity : Carry out an activity to create optical instruments such as the
periscope and kaleidoscope (Activity 8.4)
Reflection :

19
Theme : Exploration of elements in nature
Learning area : Light and optics
Content standard : Properties of light
Learning standard : Communicate on the properties of light
Learning activity : Explain the properties of light such as the speed of light and
natural phenomena such as the formation of shadows and
rainbows, and the reason why lightning is seen before thunder
is heard.
(Activity 8.5)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Light and optics
Content standard : Properties of light
Learning standard : Communicate on the laws of reflection
Draw a light ray diagram to show the reflection of light
Solve problems in everyday life by applying the concept of
reflection of light
Learning activity : Carry out an experiment to measure the angle of incidence,
i, and the angle of reflection, r, using a plane mirror and
determine the relationship between the angle of incidence,
i, and the angle of reflection, r.
Introduce the laws of reflection
Explain the use of the concept of reflection of light
(Activity 8.6 & 8.7)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Light and optics
Content standard : Refraction of light
Learning standard : Explain that refraction of light occurrs when light rays pass
through two media with different densities
Draw a light ray diagram to show the refraction of light
when light rays pass through two media with different
densities
Make a conclusion on the relationship between the angle of
incidence, i, and the angle of refraction, r, when light rays
pass from a denser medium to a less dense medium
Justify the application of light refraction in everyday life
Learning activity : Carry out an activity to show that light rays are refracted away
from the normal after passing from a denser medium to a less
dense medium, and refracted towards the normal from a less
dense medium to a denser medium.
(Activity 8.8)
Reflection :

20
Theme : Exploration of elements in nature
Learning area : Light and optics
Content standard : Dispersion of light
Learning standard : Communicate on the dispersion of light
Explain examples of dispersion of light in everyday life
Learning activity : Explain the dispersion of light and phenomena related to
the dispersion of light
Carry out an activity to study the dispersion of light by
using a prism
(Activity 8.9)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Light and optics
Content standard : Dispersion of light
Learning standard : Communicate on the dispersion of light
Learning activity : Carry out an activity to study the formation of a rainbow
(Activity 8.10)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Light and optics
Content standard : Scattering of light
Learning standard : Communicate on scattering of light
Explain examples of the scattering of light in everyday life
Learning activity : Carry out an activity to study the effect of scattering of
light
Explain the natural phenomena such as the blueness of the
sky and the redness of sunset
(Activity 8.11 & 8.12)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of elements in nature

Learning area : Light and optics
Content standard : Addition and subtraction of light
Learning standard : Identify primary colours
Identify the addition of primary colours to form secondary
colours
Learning activity : Carry out an activity to study the addition of light by using
primary colour filters, to produce secondary colours, i.e. cyan,
magenta and yellow
(Activity 8.13 & 8.14)
Reflection :

21
Theme : Exploration of elements in nature
Learning area : Light and optics
Content standard : Addition and subtraction of light
Learning standard : Communicate on subtraction of light
Record the colour produced on the screen after the light
rays have passed through colour filters
Learning activity : Carry out an activity to study the subtraction of light that
occurs when light rays are absorbed or subtracted by colour
filters
(Activity 8.15)
Reflection :

22
Chapter 9: The Earth

Tema : Exploration of the Earth and outer space

Bidang pembelajaran : The Earth
Standard kandungan : Structure of the Earth system
Standard pembelajaran : Communicate on the Earth system
Aktiviti pembelajaran : Explain the structure of the Earth which is made up of four
main spheres, i.e. the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere
and geosphere
Explain the stratification of the atmosphere and their roles
which include the depletion of the ozone layer and
introduce the condition of the atmosphere that changes
with altitude (temperature and pressure)
(Activity 9.1)
Refleksi :

Theme : Exploration of the Earth and outer space

Learning area : The Earth
Content standard : The structure of the Earth system
Learning standard : Communicate on the Earth system
Explain the difference between the layers of the Earth
based on the composition and physical properties
Realise that the suitable physical conditions that support
life only exist on the Earth
Learning activity : Explain the stratification of the ocean from the surface to
the midnight zone at the bottom of sea and the distribution
of life in it, including the distribution of water on the Earth
such as the oceans, rivers, glaciers, clouds and
underground water
Explain the difference between the Earths crust, mantel
and core, and lithosphere, mesosphere and astenosphere
(Activity 9.2 & 9.3)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of the Earth and outer space

Learning area : The Earth
Content standard : Earth materials
Learning standard : Explain the types and characteristics of rock
Communicate to differentiate between the processes of
formation of rock
Learning activity : Explain the three types of rock, i.e. igneous, sedimentary,
metamorphic rocks and their formation
(Activity 9.4)
Reflection :

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Theme : Exploration of Earth and outer space
Learning area : The Earth
Content standard : The major processes of the Earth
Learning standard : Explain the different Earth processes that influence
changes in the Earth
Communicate on the exogenic and endogenic processes
Learning activity : Explain the exogenic processes weathering, erosion,
mass wasting, mass movement, transport and deposition
Explain the endogenic processes mantle convection,
magmatic activity and Earth crust movement (plate
tectonic)
(Activity 9.5)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of Earth and outer space

Learning area : The Earth
Content standard : Geo-disaster phenomena
Learning standard : Communicate on geo-disasters
Generate ideas on how science and technology can be used
to face geo-disasters.
Learning activity : Explain geo-disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, landslides, tsunami, global warming, acid rain,
land subsidence and sinkholes
Discuss how the advancement of science and technology
enables humans to face geo-disasters
(Activity 9.6)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of the Earth and outer space

Learning area : The Earth
Content standard : The age of the Earth
Learning standard : Communicate on the geological time scale
Explain the method of determination of the age of the
Earth
Communicate on fossils
Learning activity : Explain the geological time scale and the method of
determination of the age of the Earth
Explain the fossils and relate them to the history of the
Earth
(Activity 9.7)
Reflection :

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Theme : Exploration of the Earth and outer space
Learning area : The Earth
Content standard : The resources of the Earth and applied geology
Learning standard : Explain surface water and its risks.
Explain groundwater in terms of its importance and risks
Communicate on economic minerals
Learning activity : Explain surface water and aquifer
Explain economic minerals which are made up of metallic
minerals, non-metallic minerals and rare earth minerals
(Activity 9.8 & 9.9)
Reflection :

Theme : Exploration of the Earth and outer space

Learning area : The Earth
Content standard : The resources of the Earth and applied geology
Learning standard : Explain the formation of petroleum and coal
Communicate on hydrothermal energy
Learning activity : Explain the formation of petroleum and coal
Explain the economic prospects of hydrothermal energy
(Activity 9.10)
Reflection :

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