Relative Clauses

SUMMARY
BY MATT
ALL THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO UNDERSTANDING, THEREBY
OWING FULL LEGITIMACY TO THE READERS TRUST ON THE AUTHOR

Content Term
Grammar the First

2017
 Relative Clauses

Relative clauses can:

RELATIVE CLAUSES RESTRICT
(HELLO DARKNESS MY OLD LIMIT
QUALIFY
FRIEND ) DETERMINE

They can be:

A relationship between clause and
antecedent noun Defining/restrictive
(commonly in casual chat)

Non-defining/Non-
IF YOU HELP ME I THINK ILL SUCCEED Restrictive
(not used in casual chat)
ADVERB
BUENOS AIRES,
WHICH IS A BIG CITY,
IS OVERCROWDED
THIS IS THE MAN WHO BOUGHT THE PACKAGE Pronouns dont need
defining.
PREDICATIVE POSITION: IT Buenos Aires is a big city
FOLLOWS THE NOUN IT
but its overcrowded
MODIFIES
(But we can split it to
make it defining)

There is no
agreement in
THE HAPPY MAN English
ATTRIBUTIVE POSITION (position order
(ALMOST ALWAYS FOR ADJECTIVES) to identify to
which noun they
belong)

Differences between Defining and Non

Defining Relative Clauses
 Relative Clauses

(Defining) IN SPEECH (Non-Defining)

Noun+Relative Clause form one only
Intonation pattern of its own
intonation pattern

IN SPELLING

Run-on Commas set them off the sentence

IN MEANING

Essential to understand the sentence Non-essentially semantical

WHO/WHICH/THAT...
Used interchangeably Can't use "That"

And now for something completely different:

He plays very well, which is clearly an advantage for us.

Sentential relative clause

It modifies the whole idea:

The fact that he plays very well.

Then again:

Sentential
Non-Defining Relative
Clauses
Relative
clauses
Defining
 Relative Clauses

Relative Pronouns:
About analysis
Who (Subjective)
(a) Clause category
(b) Clause function
Whom (Objective form)
(c) Introductory Word category (inside the
clause)
That
(d) Introductory Word function (inside the
clause)
Which (Object)
Relative pronouns may function as:
Subject Subjective Who (Objective for
Complement Humans/Pets)
Direct Object Objective
Complement They can be omitted unless
Indirect Object Complement of theyre the subject.
a Preposition

1) My teacher, whom I dislike, is tall

a) Non-defining/Non-restrictive Relative Clause

b) Post-modifier
c) Objective Relative Pronoun
d) Direct object

Why use whom?

If the relative pronoun is the object of the verb in the relative clause, it
comes at the beginning of the clause even though it would come at the end
of an independent clause
Independent clause: I dislike my teacher
But no My teacher, I dislike whom, is tall
Also, dislike is a TV, so you need an Object, duh.

2) The man who bought the package is here

a) Defining/ Restrictive Relative Clause

b) Post-Modifier
c) Subjective Relative Pronoun
d) Subject
 Relative Clauses

3) The girl whose father is rich is tall Relative Determinants

Which

a) Defining/Restrictive Relative Clause

Whose
b) Post-modifier
c) Relative determinant = (Why? Because whose
works as the genitive s; The girls father)
d) Pre-modifier = (Why? Since whose works as the
genitive, then he is HER father)
*In old terminology Determinant is referred to as Possessive adjective

4) The house whose door is red is very expensive

a) Defining/Restrictive Relative Clause
b) Post-Modifier
c) Relative Determinant
d) Pre-modifier
Replacing "Whose"

Formally Informally

The house the doors of The house with the red

The house of which the
which are red (relative doors is expensive
doors are red
clause

Whose
Pre-Mod Objects (better avoid it)

Living creatures
Relative Adverbs:
5) The house where I was born is red
(within relative clause

a) Defining/saraza relative clause theyre adverbs)

b) Post-modifier
c) Relative Adverb When (Time)
d) Adverb of Place
Why (Reason)

Where (Place)

(That can replace

When, and be omitted)

 Relative Clauses

Wait, wait, wait, hold it there you piece of rotten fuck lying scum we all
know that adverbial clauses begin with adverbs like where, when, why; are
you drunk? Have you lost your mind? Are you stupid?

Let me answer this. Yes. Yes, and Yes. But, in order to explain why this
seemingly adverbial clause is a relative clause, we ought to look at the prior
example by using a little bit of logic.

As we said, a relative clause is the relationship between the clause and its
antecedent noun.

In this case The house is the noun phrase being modified by the relative
clause which follows. When, where and why replace the more formal
structure of preposition + which used to introduce a relative clause.

I felt happy when we were wild and free

I felt happy on whenNope, I felt happy in whichNope, I felt happy at whichNope
You see?

The house in which I was born is red
I remember the day on which we first met
Tell me the reason for which you came late
The house where I was born is red
I remember the day when we first
met
Tell me (the reason) why you came
late

And now, more examples of relative clauses:

1) Anyone who wants to leave early may do so

a) Defining relative clause

b) Post-Modifier
c) Subjective Relative Pronoun
d) Subject
 Relative Clauses

2) The boy you met yesterday is my brother

a) Defining Contact Relative Clause

b) Post-Modifier
c) Objective Relative Pronoun That
d) Direct Object

3) The girl I gave the photograph is named Linda

a) Defining Contact Relative Clause

b) Post-Modifier
c) Objective Relative Pronoun
d) Indirect Object

4) The knife we use to cut the bread with is very sharp

a) Defining Contact Relative Clause

b) Post-Modifier
c) Objective Relative Pronoun
d) Complement of the preposition with

5) Im not half the man I used to be

a) Defining Contact Relative Clause

b) Post-Modifier
c) Subjective Relative Pronoun
d) Subjective Complement

6) Im not the stupid girl you think of me

a) Defining Contact Relative Clause
b) Post-Modifier
c) Objective Relative Pronoun [There are (G. Subject)
d) Objective Complement those books
(Real/Extraposed/Notiona
l subject) on the subject]
7) These are the only good books there are on the subject
a) Defining Contact Relative clause **Exception to the not
b) Post-Modifier omitting the subject
rule**
 Relative Clauses

c) Subjective Relative Pronoun

d) Extraposed Subject
8) He walked along the wall on his hands which was a very difficult thing to do
a) Sentential Relative Clause
b) Post-modifier
c) Subjective Relative Pronoun
d) Subject
9) Id like to contact the man whose son has been arrested
a) Defining Relative Clause
b) Post-modifier
c) Relative Determinant
d) Pre-modifier
10) Mick, whom I actually dislike, wont come to the party
a) Non-Defining Relative Clause
b) Post-Modifier
c) Objective Relative Pronoun
d) Direct Object
11) I remember the days when were wild and free
a) Defining Relative Clause
b) Post-Modifier
c) Relative Adverb
d) Adverb of Time
12) I want to know the reason why you resigned
a) Defining relative clause
b) Post-Modifier
c) Relative Adverb
d) Adverb of Reason

13) Wheres the basketball we always play with?

a) Defining Contact Relative Clause
b) Post-Modifier
c) Relative Pronoun
d) Complement of preposition With
14) The weather is very cold here which is sometimes a disadvantage for tourism

a) Sentential Relative Clause

b) Post-Modifier
c) Subjective Relative Pronoun
d) Subject
RIP
Relative
clauses

screw
you