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Trane Engineers Newsletter LIVE Series
Agenda
Abstract
In this ENL program, Trane engineers will discuss the application, selection, and optimization of both
chilled-water and hot-water coils. Topics include a discussion about the impact of both water and air velocities on
coil performance, a review of example selections for chilled-water and hot-water coils to demonstrate
the tradeoffs of cost, pressure drop, and capacity, and an overview of various methods to prevent water coils from
freezing during cold weather.
Presenters: Trane engineers Brian Hafendorfer, Todd Michael, and John Murphy
Agenda
Water and air velocity ranges
Coil selection examples
Chilled-water coils
Hot-water coils
Freeze protection
Summary
Presenter biographies
Coil Selection and Optimization
Todd received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Physics from Western Illinois University, and Bachelor Of Science and
Master of Science Degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
He is a member of ASHRAE and is the AHRI Forced-Circulation Air-Cooling and Air-Heating Coil Engineering Committee Chairman.
John is the author of numerous Trane application manuals and Engineers Newsletters, and is a frequent presenter on Tranes Engineers
Newsletter Live series. He has authored several articles for the ASHRAE Journal, and was twice awarded Article of the Year award.
As an ASHRAE member he has served on the Moisture Management in Buildings and Mechanical Dehumidifiers technical committees.
He was a contributing author of the Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 Schools and the Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small
Hospitals and Health Care Facilities, a technical reviewer for the ASHRAE Guide for Buildings in Hot and Humid Climates, and a
presenter on the 2012 ASHRAE Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems webcast.
Brian a earned his Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Kentucky. As a licensed professional engineer he is
an active member of ASHRAE and has served multiple committee positions for both Ultraviolet Air and Surface Treatment and
Gaseous Air Contaminants and Removal Equipment, and the project committee for ASHRAE Standard 62.1.
www.USGBC.org www.RCEP.net
Copyrighted Materials
Learning Objectives
Todays Presenters
Water Coils
airflow
water out
water in
Configuration Options
Construction Options
Tube material
Tube wall thickness
Fin material
Fin thickness
Casing material
Header type and material
Coil coatings
Agenda
Water and air velocity ranges
Coil selection examples
Chilled-water coils
Hot-water coils
Freeze protection
airflow
Coil Circuiting
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
water velocity, ft/sec
chilled water
hot water
2012 ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Systems and Equipment (Chapters 23 and 27)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
water velocity, ft/sec
Reynolds Number
AHRI Standard 410-2001 (Figure 16)
Reynolds Number
AHRI Standard 410-2001 (Figure 16)
100
coil capacity, MBh
80
60
40
20
laminar transitional
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
water flow rate, gpm
height airflow
length
Moisture Carryover
airflow
long-time rule-of-thumb:
face velocity 500 fpm
length
800
600
500 fpm
400
200
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
fin density, fins/inch
600
500 fpm
400
200
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
fin density, fins/inch
Agenda
Water and air velocity ranges
Coil selection examples
Chilled-water coils
Hot-water coils
Freeze protection
length
80F DBT
67F WBT
8500 cfm
180
80 160
80
humidity ratio, grains/lb of dry air
140
dew point temperature, F
75
120
70
70
100
entering coil 65
60 80 60
60 55
50
leaving coil 40
50
40 40
30 30
20
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
dry-bulb temperature, F
80 160
80
60 55
50
leaving coil 40
50
40 40
30 30
20
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
dry-bulb temperature, F
8500 cfm
Moisture Carryover?
1000
maximum face velocity, ft/min
800
500 fpm
400
113 fins/ft
200
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
fin density, fins/inch
80F DBT
67F WBT
8500 cfm
329 MBh
80F DBT
67F WBT
8500 cfm
329 MBh
coil size
80F DBT
67F WBT
8500 cfm
329 MBh
80F DBT
67F WBT
8500 cfm
329 MBh
80F DBT
67F WBT
8500 cfm
water T
supply-water
Qtotal = 329 MBh temperature
80F DBT
67F WBT
8500 cfm
329 MBh
80F DBT
67F WBT
8500 cfm
329 MBh
80F DBT
67F WBT
8500 cfm
329 MBh
200
chiller
chiller
100
0
10F T 16F T
Agenda
Water and air velocity ranges
Coil selection examples
Chilled-water coils
Hot-water coils
Freeze protection
Hot-Water Coils
water T
supply-water
temperature
60F 104F
5000 cfm
239 MBh
water T
60F 104F
5000 cfm
239 MBh
Types of Boilers
96
boiler efficiency, %
92
dew point
88
84
natural gas = 1050 Btu/ft3
stoichiometric air = 17.24 lb/lb of fuel
condensing mode non-condensing mode (10% excess air)
82
60 100 140 180 220
inlet water temperature, F source: 2012 ASHRAE Handbook
HVAC Systems and Equipment, Chapter 32, Figure 6
600 cfm
22.8 MBh
55F
90F
coil rows 1 2 3
supply water temperature, F 180 150 150
return water temperature, F 137 116 106
water flow rate, gpm 1.05 1.32 1.04
water pressure drop, ft H2O 0.69 0.11 0.10
air pressure drop, in H2O 0.45 0.79 1.10
(at design cooling airflow, 2000 cfm)
air pressure drop, in H2O 0.04 0.07 0.10
(at heating airflow, 600 cfm)
1.2
design cooling airflow
air pressure drop, in. H2O
1.0
heating airflow
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
400 800 1200 1600 2000
airflow, cfm
Qgain
Qloss
90F 75F
coil rows 1 2 3
air pressure drop, in H2O 0.45 0.79 1.10
(at design cooling airflow, 2000 cfm)
air pressure drop, in H2O 0.04 0.07 0.10
(at minimum airflow, 600 cfm)
Agenda
Water and air velocity ranges
Coil selection examples
Chilled-water coils
Hot-water coils
Freeze protection
air vents
drains
Coil Pumping
airflow
circulator pump
and check valve
Add Antifreeze
(e.g., Glycol)
Electric heater
SA RA
Hot-water or
steam coil SA
OA
Air-to-air energy
recovery device
(e.g., wheel) chilled-water preheat
coil coil
60
cold OA
45
30
air-mixing
15 baffles
source: Blender Products, Inc.
winter
OA
summer
OA
SA
RA
cooling coil
www.trane.com/bookstore
www.trane.com/ENL
Past Program Topics:
All variable-speed chilled-water plants
Air-to-air energy recovery
ASHRAE Standards 189.1, 90.1, 62.1
High-performance VAV systems
WSHP/GSHP systems
Acoustics
Demand-controlled ventilation
Dehumidification
Dedicated outdoor-air systems
Ice storage
LEED v4
Central geothermal systems
Chilled-water terminal systems
VRF systems
www.trane.com/ContinuingEducation
LEED v4
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010
ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2011
High-Performance VAV Systems
Single-Zone VAV Systems
Ice Storage Design and Control
All Variable-Speed Chiller Plant Operation
Bibliography
IndustryResourcesandArticles
2015 AirConditioning,Heating,andRefrigerationInstitute(AHRI).AHRIStandard4102001:Standardfor
ForcedCirculationAirCoolingandAirHeatingCoils.Availablefrom<www.ahrinet.org>
CoilSelectionand
Optimization AmericanSocietyofHeating,Refrigerating,andAirConditioningEngineers.2011.ASHRAE
HandbookHVACApplications,Chapters47(pp.47.23)and49(WaterTreatment).Atlanta,GA:
ASHRAE.Availablefrom<www.ashrae.org>
AmericanSocietyofHeating,Refrigerating,andAirConditioningEngineers.2012.ASHRAE
HandbookHVACSystemsandEquipment,Chapters23(AirCoolingCoils),27(AirHeatingCoils),and
32(Boilers).Atlanta,GA:ASHRAE.Availablefrom<www.ashrae.org>
DowChemicalCompany,HeatTransferFluidsforHVACandRefrigerationSystemsapplication
guide(2008).See<www.dow.com/heattrans/support/selection/freezeprotection.htm>
Taylor,S.2002.DegradingChilledWaterPlantDeltaT:CausesandMitigation.ASHRAE
Transactions108(1).
TranePublications
Hanson,S.,M.Schwedler.ChillerSystemDesignandControl,applicationmanual
SYSAPM001EN(2009).
Murphy,J.ChilledWaterVAVSystems,applicationmanualSYSAPM008EN(2012).
Trane,ManagingMoistureCarryover,whitepaperCLCHPRB030EN(2013).
Trane,MixingAirtoMaximizeSavings,whitepaperCLCHPRB033EN(2013).
Trane,FilterOptionsforBetterIAQ,whitepaperCLCHPRB039AEN(2014).
Trane,AirHeatingandCoolingCoils,quickselectCOILPRB002EN(2013).
Trane,AirHeatingandCoolingCoils,installation,operation,andmaintenanceCOILSVX01BEN
(2013).
TraneEngineersNewsletters
Availabletodownloadfrom<www.trane.com/engineersnewsletter>
Eppelheimer,D.ColdAirMakesGood$ense.EngineersNewsletter292(2000).
Eppelheimer,D.KeystonetoSystemPerformance:CoolingCoilHeatTransfer.EngineersNewsletter
ADMAPN002EN(2002).
Schwedler,M.HowLowFlowSystemsCanHelpYouGiveYourCustomersWhatTheyWant.
EngineersNewsletter262(1997).
Schwedler,M.ChilledWaterSystemsDesignIssues:Learningfrompastmistakes.Engineers
NewsletterADMAPN051EN(2014).
TraneApplicationManuals
Orderfrom<www.trane.com/bookstore>
Schwedler,M.andD.Brunsvold.WatersideHeatRecoveryinHVACSystems,applicationmanual
SYSAPM005EN,2011.
Cline,L.CentralGeothermalSystems,applicationmanual.SYSAPM009EN,2011.
TraneEngineersNewslettersLivePrograms
Eppelheimer,D.,O.Marinho,R.Larson,andM.Byars,CoilFundamentals:Leveragingcoiltechnology
toreducesystemenergyandcapital,EngineersNewsletterLiveprogramAPPCMC012EN(2002).
2015 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand Coil Selection and Optimization 40
Trane Engineers Newsletter LIVE Series
TraneEngineersNewsletterLIVE:CoilsSelectionandOptimization
APPCMC054ENQUIZ
1. Whichindustrystandardestablishesacommonsetoftestingandratingrequirementsfor
determiningthecapacityandpressuredropsofcoolingandheatingcoils?
a. ASHRAEStandard62.1
b. AHRIStandard410
c. AHRIStandard550/590
d. ASHRAEStandard90.1
2. Whichofthefollowingareconcernsregardingtoohighofwatervelocitythroughthetubesofa
coil?Chooseallthatapply.
a. Riskofwaterdropletsblowingofftheoutersurfacesofthefins(i.e.,carryover).
b. Riskoferosionontheinsidesurfacesofthetubes.
c. Toomuchnoise.
d. Aircanbecometrappedinsidethecoiltubes,degradingheattransfer.
3. Whichofthefollowingareconcernsregardingtoohighofairvelocitythroughthefaceofthe
coil?Chooseallthatapply.
a. Riskofwaterdropletsblowingofftheoutersurfacesofthefins(i.e.,carryover).
b. Riskoferosionontheinsidesurfacesofthetubes.
c. Excessiveairpressuredrop.
d. Aircanbecometrappedinsidethecoiltubes,degradingheattransfer.
4. TrueorFalse:LaminarwaterflowthroughthetubesofacoilresultsinaSEVEREdropoffin
capacity.
5. Whichofthefollowingfactorsinfluencemoisturecarryover(waterdropletsblowingoffthe
outersurfacesofthefins)?Chooseallthatapply.
a. Airvelocitythroughthefaceofthecoil.
b. Howdenselythefinsarepackedtogether.
c. Materialthefinsaremadeof.
d. Whetherornotthesurfaceofthefinshaveacoatingappliedtothem.
6. TrueorFalse:Aslongasdehumidifyingcoilsareselectedforafacevelocitylessthan500ft/min,
nomoisturecarryoverwilloccur,regardlessofthefinmaterialorfindensity.
7. Whenselectingacoolingcoiltoprovidethesamerequiredcapacity,whichofthefollowingare
benefitsofselectingacoilwithalargerfacearea(lowerfacevelocity)?Chooseallthatapply.
a. Lessfanenergyuse.
b. Asmallerairhandlercabinetisrequiredtohousethecoil.
c. Awarmerenteringairtemperature.
d. Lowerairpressuredrop.
8. TrueorFalse:Whenselectingacoolingcoiltoprovidethesamerequiredcapacity,selectingthe
coilwithalowerwaterflowrate(largerT)resultsinmorepumpingenergyandrequires
upsizingpiping,valves,andpumps.
9. TrueorFalse:Newer,condensingstyleboilersaremoreefficientwhenthetemperatureofthe
waterenteringtheboilerislower.
10. TrueorFalse:Whenspecifyingtheamountofglycoltouseinachilledwatersystem,the
concentrationrequiredtoprovideburstprotection(toprotectequipmentfromdamage)is
lowerthantheconcentrationrequiredtoprovidefreezeprotection(topreventanyice
crystalsfromforming).