DESIGN OF

WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT
FOR UNIVERSITY OF
PERADENIYA

Designed By:

SUBHAWICKRAMA SGCL

PG/E/WE/2016/14
 INDEX

A. PROCESS DESCRIPTION
A.1 INTRODUCTION
A.2 DEMAND CALCULATION
A.2.1 RESIDENTIAL (HOSTEL) DEMAND
A.2.2 DAY TIME (FACULTY) DEMAND
A.2.3 TOTAL DEMAND FOR DESIGN HORIZON OF 2036
A.2.4 DEMAND PATTERN

B. PROCESS DESIGN CALCULATION

B.1 DESIGN OF BAR SCREEN
B.2 DESIGN OF GRIT CHAMBER
B.3 DESIGN OF EQUALIZATION TANK
B.4 DESIGN OF PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION TANK
B.5 DESIGN OF TRICKLING FILTER
B.6 DESIGN OF ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR
B.7 DESIGN OF CONSTRUCTED WETLAND
B.8 DESIGN OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEM
A. PROCESS DESCRIPTION

A.1 INTRODUCTION

This report presents the technical aspects of the design for a wastewater treatment plant
with a capacity of 3166 cubic meters (m3) per day for the University of Peradeniya. The
report meets the technical requirements of the governing laws for wastewater treatment
and disposal, and presents the design calculation of treatments units. The plant is
composed of primary and secondary treatment units and the design was done for the
followings units.

1. Bar Screen
2. Grit Chamber
3. Equalization Tank
4. Primary Sedimentation Tank
5. Trickling Filter
6. Rotating Biological Contactor
7. Constructed Wetland
8. Activated Sludge System

A.2 DEMAND CALCULATION

The available population data for faculties and hostel residents was used for the demand

calculation and the same was based on following principles.

Design Horizon : 2036 (20 years)

Population Projection : Geometric Progression
Per-capita consumption : 200 l/head/day for University residents
: 50 l/head/day for University students, Day time

A.2.1 Residential (Hostel) Demand

When considering growth rates, two different growth rate values for each and every
resident hall was calculated using data from 2003-2008 (5 years data, Growth rate in A
column) and 2003-2008 and 2013 ( six years data, growth rate in B column ) . From those
two values highest growth rate was selected for the demand prediction. For halls in
which growth rates exceed the average (2.2 %) growth rate, their growth rate was
replaced by the average growth rate.
 data for 2036

data for 2036

Projected for
Wastewater

Wastewater
considered

considered
generation

generation
population

from 2003

Projected

Projected
(m3/day)

~2008 (A)

(m3/day)
including

2036 with
increase

increase

increase

increase
average

average

with (A)
2013(B)

with (B)
Total

Total
2013
Arunachalam 238 48 2.9 3.0 462 471 2.2 396 79

Akbar 681 136 0.9 1.2 845 892 1.2 892 178

New Akbar 190 38 4.1 4.8 479 559 2.2 316 63

Jayathilaka 250 50 1.6 3.0 357 491 2.2 416 83

Marss 294 59 1.3 1.7 394 437 1.7 437 87

Marcus Fernando 239 48 1.4 -0.3 331 221 1.4 331 66

Hall
Hilda Obesekara 737 147 -0.4 3.5 677 1613 2.2 1226 245

James Peiris 252 50 1.0 1.2 316 333 1.2 333 67

Ramanathan 1185 237 0.7 2.5 1403 2096 2.2 1971 394

Sangamitta 812 162 0.9 2.2 994 1332 2.2 1332 266

Wijewardana 949 190 1.4 3.6 1314 2128 2.2 1578 316

Sangaramaya & 94 19 1.9 -1.5 146 67 1.9 146 29

Kehelpannala
Sarasaviuyana 60 12 0.2 -0.1 63 59 0.2 63 13

Senaka Bibile 416 83 -0.3 6.5 392 1774 2.2 692 138

AQ 40 Hall 34 7 1.3 2.2 45 57 2.2 57 11

Ediriweera 520 104 1.3 2.2 695 865 2.2 865 173
Sarathchandra Hall
Gunapala 520 104 1.3 2.2 695 865 2.2 865 173
malalasekara Hall
Average increase 1.3 2.2 1.8

Total 7471 1494 9609 14258 11914 2383

A.2.2 Day time (Faculty) Demand

The following table shows the faculty wise population projection and wastewater
generation. When calculating the growth rate average growth rate for each and every
faculty was calculated. If an average growth rate of a faculty is negative value the
growth rate was replaced by average growth rate of whole faculty (0.73%).
 Management
Vet. Science
Engineering
Agriculture

Medical
Science

Science
Faculty

Dental

Totals
Arts
year 2003 1,439 3,776 509 2,075 1,070 1,391 489 10,749

year 2004 1,248 4,104 440 1,627 1,260 1,443 463 10,585

year 2005 1,203 3,818 441 1,630 1,084 1,478 458 10,112

year 2013 1,357 3,877 549 1,999 1,354 1748 424 567 11,875

Average -0.41 0.33 1.12 0.12 2.87 2.44 -1.4

growth rate

Projected 1235 4179 709 2056 2596 3045 308 14,128

for 2036

Considered 0.73 0.33 1.12 0.12 2.87 2.44 0.73 0.73

growth
factors

projected 1603 4179 709 2056 2596 3045 501 670 15,359
for 2036

waste 80 209 35 103 130 152 25 34 768

water
generated
/(m3/day)

A.2.3 Total Demand for Design Horizon of 2036

Description Demand

Residential (Hostel) Demand 2,398

Day time (Faculty) Demand 768
Total Demand 3,166
A.2.4 Demand Pattern

The demand pattern for schools and universities developed by the Kandy city Waste
management project was used as the demand pattern of the above flow.

Time from Start (hours) Multiplier Flow rate

1 0.22 693

2 0.22 693

3 0.22 693

4 0.25 788

5 0.28 882

6 1.58 4,978

7 2.5 7,877

8 2.1 6,617

9 1.8 5,671

10 1.55 4,884

11 0.85 2,678

12 0.75 2,363

13 1.1 3,466

14 1.4 4,411

15 0.65 2,048

16 0.52 1,638

17 1.52 4,789

18 1.45 4,569

19 1.75 5,514

20 1.5 4,726

21 0.87 2,741

22 0.36 1,134

23 0.4 1,260

24 0.16 504
B. PROCESS DESIGN CALCULATION

B.1 DESIGN OF BAR SCREEN

Parameter Value Units Remarks

Flow 5065.6 m3/day

Peak Factor 2.5 2.5 to 3.0
Design Flow 12664 m3/day

Velocity of Approach 0.5 m/s 0.4 to 0.6

Velocity through bars m/s <1
Bar Spacing 40 mm 15 to 40
Bar Thickness 10 mm 8 to 15

Area Required 0.293 m2

Area Through Screens 0.235 m2
Slope (to Vertical) 30 Degree
Effective Area Through Screens 0.271 m2

Velocity Through Screens 0.54 m/s

Head Loss Through Screens 3.129 mm <150

At 50% of Screen Area is Blocked

Velocity Through Screens 1.08 m/s
Head Loss Through Screens 67.124 mm <150

Calculated Flow 3166 m3/day

Factor (for group members) 1.6
Corrected Flow 5065.6 m3/day
B.2 DESIGN OF GRIT CHAMBER

Parameter Value Units Remarks

Assumptions

Horizontal velocity 0.3 m/s 0.25 to 0.4

Settling velocity 0.75 m/min 0.6 to 0.9 for 0.15mm material
Detention time 60 s 45 to 90

Dimension of Grit
Chamber
Volume 3.52 m3
Length 18 m
Depth 0.75 m
Width 0.26 m

Calculated Flow 3166 m3/day

Factor (for group
members) 1.6
Corrected Flow 5065.6 m3/day
 B.3 DESIGN OF EQUALIZATION TANK

influent
Time Multipli flow rate for the EQ Effluent Volume of
Cumul Cumul Difference
(hr) er (B*Total WW) tank Flow Tank (m3)
ative ative
(m3/h)

1 0.22 696.52 29.02 29 131.92 132 (102.90)

2 0.22 696.52 29.02 58 131.92 264 (205.80)
3 0.22 696.52 29.02 87 131.92 396 (308.70)
4 0.25 791.5 32.98 120 131.92 528 (407.64)
5 0.28 886.48 36.94 157 131.92 660 (502.62)
6 1.58 5002.28 208.43 365 131.92 792 (426.11)
7 2.5 7915 329.79 695 131.92 923 (228.24)
8 2.1 6648.6 277.03 972 131.92 1,055 (83.13)
9 1.8 5698.8 237.45 1,210 131.92 1,187 22.40
10 1.55 4907.3 204.47 1,414 131.92 1,319 94.95
11 0.85 2691.1 112.13 1,526 131.92 1,451 75.16
12 0.75 2374.5 98.94 1,625 131.92 1,583 42.17
13 1.1 3482.6 145.11 1,770 131.92 1,715 55.36 598
14 1.4 4432.4 184.68 1,955 131.92 1,847 108.13
15 0.65 2057.9 85.75 2,041 131.92 1,979 61.95
16 0.52 1646.32 68.60 2,109 131.92 2,111 (1.37)
17 1.52 4812.32 200.51 2,310 131.92 2,243 67.22
18 1.45 4590.7 191.28 2,501 131.92 2,375 126.58
19 1.75 5540.5 230.85 2,732 131.92 2,506 225.51
20 1.5 4749 197.88 2,930 131.92 2,638 291.47
21 0.87 2754.42 114.77 3,045 131.92 2,770 274.32
22 0.36 1139.76 47.49 3,092 131.92 2,902 189.89
23 0.4 1266.4 52.77 3,145 131.92 3,034 110.73
24 0.16 506.56 21.11 3,166 131.92 3,166 (0.08)
B.4 DESIGN OF PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION TANK

Parameter Value Units Remarks

Assume Circular Tank
Detention Time 2 Hrs 1 to 4
Flow Through Velocity 0.9 m/min 0.4 to 3.6
SLR 1.6 m3/m2.hr 1.2 to 2.5
Weir Load 250 m3/m2.hr 125 to 500

Area Required 132 m2

Diameter of the tank 13 m 3 to 60

Over flow rate 40 m3/m2.day 30 to 50

Volume of the Tank 422 m3
Depth of Tank 3.2 m 3 to 5

Calculated Flow 3166 m3/day

Factor (for group members) 1.6
Corrected Flow 5065.6 m3/day

BY the Figures
BOD5 removal efficiency 34 %
B.5 DESIGN OF TRICKLING FILTER

Parameter Value Units Remarks

Assumptions
Stone Media 2 stage filetr
Depth of Each Filter 1.5 m 0.9 to 2.5 for HRF

Organic Loading Rate kg/m3/day 0.64 to 0.96

Hydraulic Loading Rate
Re-circulation Rate 1.5 0.5 to 3.0
Initial BOD5 200 mg/l
Temperature 20 C
Efficiency E1=E2 65 %

From PST, BOD removal in PST 34 %

Influent BOD

Re-circulation Fator 1.89

Influent BOD concentration 132 mg/l

BOD load for the First Filter 668.66 kg/day

Volume of the First Filter 240 m3

Area 160 m2
Diameter 14 m

BOD load for the Second Filter 234.03 kg/day

Volume of the First Filter 683.186 m3

Area 455 m2
Diameter 24 m

Final BOD 25 mg/l

Calculated Flow 3166 m3/day

Factor (for group members) 1.6
Corrected Flow 5065.6 m3/day
B.6 DESIGN OF ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR

Parameter Value Units Remarks

Assumptions and data

Initial BOD5 200 mg/l

From PST, BOD removal in PST 34 %

Influent BOD concentration 132 mg/l

sBOD=50% BOD
Maximum First stage OLR 15 g.sBOD/m2/day
Area of a singlr disk 8000 m2

sBOD concentration 66.0 g/m3 or mg/l

sBOD loading 334,330 g/day

First Stage Area Required 22,289 m2

Required nu of Trackss (parallel) 3

Sn: sBOD concentration in stage n 29.3 mg/l

Secind Stage sBOD concentration 16.95 mg/l

Third Stage sBOD concentration 11.39 mg/l

OK

RBC unit have 3 parallel and 3 series units.

Calculated Flow 3166 m3/day

Factor (for group members) 1.6
Corrected Flow 5065.6 m3/day
B.7 DESIGN OF CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

Parameter Value Units Remarks

Assumptions and data

BOD Influent 132 mg/l 4.88

BOD Effluent 30 mg/l 3.40

Medium
Media Size gravel
Effective size (D10) 32 mm
Porosity (n) 0.4

Hydraulic Conductivity (ks) 0.116 m/s

Water Temperature 27 C
Depth of Wetland 0.6 m
0.05 to
Slope 0.1 0.10
Hydraulic Retention Time (t) day

Flow System Sub surface

20 1.06
k20 1.104

Temperature Correction for k (k27) 1.66

Area required 18,838 m2

Cross sectional Area of Flow 5.1 m2

Width 8.4 m

Length 2,236 m

Calculated Flow 3166 m3/day

Factor (for group members) 1.6
Corrected Flow 5065.6 m3/day
B.8 DESIGN OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEM

Assumptions:

Soluble BOD = 0.5 BOD5

MLVSS : MLSS = 0.8
Reactor MLSS concentration = 3000 mg/l
Return sludge MLSS concentration = 6000 mg/l
Mean cell residence time, c = 10 days
Decay coefficient, kd = 0.06 d-1
Yield coefficient, Y = 0.65
Effluent contains 25 mg/l of bio solid of which 40 % is bio degradable
BOD5 = 0.68 BODu
Influent VSS to reactor are negligible. (X0 = 0)
Two activated sludge systems in parallel

Q0 Q0 + Q r Qe
S0 X S
X0 S Xe

V, X, S

Qr
Xr
Qw
S
Xr
S

Amount of bio solid = 25 * 40%

= 10 mg/l
As per C, H, N oxidation equation,

Required factor for BODu = 1.42

Required BOD5, Xe = 0.68 * (1.42 * 10)

= 9.65 mg/l

S = 25mg/l - Xe = 25 - 9.65 =15.35 mg/l

S0 =200 * 0.5 = 100mg/l
Xr = 0.8 * 6000 = 4800 mg/l
X = 0.8 * 3000 =2400 mg/l

V =

= 442 m3

HRT = V/Q

= (442/3166)*24

= 3.4 hrs

Recirculation ratio = X / (Xr-X)

=2400/(4800-2400)

=1

Designing the Secondary Sedimentation Tank

Qavg is considered to design Secondary Sedimentation Tank

Assumptions:
Surface Loading Rate for Qavg = 30 m3/m2/d
Retention Time, t = 3.5 hr
Circular sedimentation tank

Surface area, A =

= 150 m2
Surface area = D2/4
Depth of the tank = 13.8 m

Volume of a tank, V = Qavg * t

= (4495 / 24) m3/hr * 3.5 hr
= 655m3

Depth of the tank, D0 = V /A

= 655 / 150 m2
= 4.4 m