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Laboratorio de Ingeniera II
Prctica
Superficies Extendidas
INTRODUCTION
Es posible aumentar la transferencia de energa entre una superficie y un fluido
adyacente aumentando la cantidad de rea superficial que hace contacto con el
fluido. Este aumento de rea se realiza agregando superficies extendidas que
pueden estar en forma de aletas u otros accesorios. [1]
The heat transfer rate may be increased by increasing the surface area across which
the convection occurs. This may be done by employing fins that extend from the wall
into the surrounding fluid. The thermal conductivity of the fin material can have a
strong effect on the temperature distribution along the fin and therefore influences
the degree to which the heat transfer rate is enhanced.
Las aletas mejoran la transferencia de calor desde una superficie al exponer un rea
ms grande a la conveccin y la radiacin. Las superficies con aletas son de uso
comn en la prctica para mejorar la transferencia de calor y a menudo incrementan
la razn de esa transferencia desde una superficie varias veces. [4]
Fins enhance heat transfer from a surface by exposing a larger surface area to
convection and radiation. Finned surfaces are commonly used in practice to enhance
heat transfer, and they often increase the rate of heat transfer from a surface
severalfold.
For a sufficiently long fin of uniform cross section, the temperature of the fin at the
fin tip will approach the environment temperature T .
No es probable que las aletas sean tan largas como para que su temperatura en la
punta se aproxime a la de los alrededores. Una situacin ms realista es que la
transferencia de calor desde la punta sea despreciable, puesto que la transferencia
desde la aleta es proporcional a su rea superficial y la de la punta suele ser una
fraccin despreciable del rea total de la aleta. Entonces se puede suponer que la
punta de la aleta est aislada. [4]
Fins are not likely to be so long that their temperature approaches the surrounding
temperature at the tip. A more realistic situation is for heat transfer from the fin tip to
be negligible since the heat transfer from the fin is proportional to its surface area,
and the surface area of the fin tip is usually a negligible fraction of the total fin area.
Then the fin tip can be assumed to be insulated.
Todas las aletas estn expuestas a conveccin desde el extremo, excepto cuando
el mismo se encuentre aislado o su temperatura sea igual a la del fluido. [5]
All fins are exposed to convection from the end, except when it is insulated or its
temperature is equal to that of the fluid.
Aleta con temperatura fija en la punta
Fig. 3: Sumideros de calor con aletas a) ampliamente espaciadas y b) con poco espacio entre ellas
(cortesa de Vemaline Products).
Dnde:
Where:
2
= Ec. (1)
4
= Ec. (2)
2
. = . = Ec. (3)
4
= + Ec. (4)
Dnde:
Where:
( 4 + 4 )
= Ec. (5)
+
, = ,+ + Ec. (5)
| = |+ + ( ) Ec. (6)
( | |+ ) ( ) = 0 Ec. (7)
Dividiendo entre . :
Dividing by . :
( | |+ )
( ) = 0 Ec. (8)
.
Dnde:
Where:
4 4
= 2 = = Ec. (9)
. 2
4
Obtenemos:
We obtain:
( | |+ ) 4
( ) = 0 Ec. (10)
Tomando el lmite cuando tiende a 0:
( |+ | ) 4
lim ( )= ( ) Ec. (11)
0
The expression on the left side is the first derivative of with respect to , so that
equation becomes:
4
= ( ) Ec. (12)
4
+ ( ) = 0 Ec. (13)
4
( ) + ( ) = 0 Ec. (14)
2 4
2 + ( ) = 0 Ec. (15)
Dividiendo entre k :
Dividing by k:
2 4
( ) = 0 Ec. (16)
2
Consideramos una temperatura adimensional = .
We consider a dimensionless temperatura = .
Dnde despejamos y ( ):
Clearing and ( ):
= ( ) + Ec. (17)
= ( ) Ec. (18)
Dividiendo entre ( )
Dividing by ( ):
2 4
=0 Ec. (21)
2
4
Tomando a como 2 , obtenemos:
4
Taking as 2 , we obtain:
2
2 = 0 Ec. (22)
2
The Eq. (22) has the form y k 2 y = 0, the solution functions of the differential
equation above are:
Where:
4
= = Ec. (25)
Obtenemos:
We obtain:
C1 y C2 are arbitrary constants whose values are to be determined from the boundary
conditions at the base and at the tip of the fin. Those constants are different for every
fin.
Aleta Aislada
Insulated Fin
Condiciones frontera:
Boundary conditions:
Sustituyendo:
Substituting:
= = 1 Ec. (33)
C.F.2) = , =0
Sustitiyendo:
Substituting:
[( ) + ] = 0 Ec. (34)
( ) =0 Ec. (35)
=0 Ec. (36)
Obtenemos las condiciones para una aleta aislada:
= 1 + 2 Ec. (27)
1 = 1 + 2 Ec. (39)
1 = 1 2 Ec. (40)
1 2
1 = Ec. (41)
1 2 0
1 = Ec. (42)
0
1 = 1 2 Ec. (43)
Sustituyendo Ec. (43) en Ec. (27):
= (1 2 ) + 2 Ec. (44)
= 2 + 2 Ec. (45)
=0 ( 2 + 2 ) = 0 Ec. (46)
( ) ( ) ( )
2 + 2 =0 Ec. (47)
2 2 = 0 Ec. (48)
Obtenemos 2 :
We obtain 2 :
2 2 = 0 = 2 ( + ) = 0 Ec. (49)
2 = Ec. (50)
( + )
2 = Ec. (51)
( + )
2 = Ec. (52)
( + )
Sustituyendo Ec. (52) en Ec.(45)
= + 2 ( ) = + ( ) ( ) Ec. (53)
+
= +( ) Ec. (54)
+
+
= +( ) Ec. (55)
+
() (+)
= + ( ) Ec. (56)
+
+ + () (+)
= Ec. (57)
+
(+) + () + () (+)
= Ec. (58)
+
() + ()
= Ec. (59)
+
() + ()
= Ec. (60)
+
Dividiendo entre :
Dividing by :
() + ()
= 2 Ec. (61)
+
2
() + ()
= cosh[( )] Ec. (62)
2
+
= cosh() Ec. (63)
2
Sustituyendo Ec. (62) y (63) en Ec. (61) obtenemos la ecuacin para una aleta
aislada.
Substituting Eq. (62) and (63) in the equation (61) we obtain the function for
insulated fin.
cosh[( )]
= Ec. (64)
cosh()
C.F.1) = 0, =
Sustituyendo:
Substituting:
= = 1 Ec. (67)
C.F.2) = , = 0
Sustituyendo:
Substituting:
0
= =0 Ec. (68)
Obtenemos las condiciones para resolver la ecuacin para una aleta infitamente
larga:
= 1 + 2 Ec. (27)
1 = 1 + 2 Ec. (71)
2 = 1 1 Ec. (72)
1 1
2 = Ec. (73)
1 1 0
2 = Ec. (74)
0
2 = 1 1 Ec. (75)
Sustituyendo Ec. (75) en Ec. (27):
Substituting Eq. (75) in Eq. (27):
= 1 + (1 1 ) Ec. (76)
= 1 + 1 Ec. (77)
= + 1 ( ) Ec. (78)
0 = + 1 ( ) Ec. (79)
= 1 ( ) Ec. (80)
1 = Ec. (81)
1 = Ec. (82)
Cuando , 0
When , 0
0
1 = Ec. (83)
1 = 0 Ec. (84)
Sustituyendo Ec. (84) en Ec. (78) obtenemos la ecuacin para una aleta
infinitamente larga:
Substituting Eq. (84) in the Ec. (78) we obtain the function for infinitely long fin:
= + 1 ( ) = + 0( ) Ec. (85)
= Ec. (86)
Aletas con temperatura fija en la punta
=0 = Ec. (87)
= = Ec. (88)
= 1 + 2 Ec. (27)
1 = 2 Ec. (91)
= ( 2 ) + 2 Ec. (92)
= + 2 ( ) Ec. (93)
= + 2 ( ) Ec. (94)
2 = Ec. (95)
Sustituyendo Ec.(95) en Ec.(93):
= + ( ) Ec. (96)
Haciendo ajustes:
Making adjustments:
+
= + Ec. (97)
() + (+)
= + Ec. (98)
+ () + (+)
= Ec. (99)
() (+) + () + (+)
= Ec. (100)
() (+) +
= Ec. (101)
Dividiendo entre :
Dividing by :
() (+) +
= 2 Ec. (102)
2
Obtenemos la ecuacin para aletas con temperatura fija en la punta:
We obtain the equation for fins with fixed temperature at the tip.
sinh + sinh[( )]
= Ec. (103)
sinh
Aleta con transferencia de calor por conveccin
= 1 + 2 Ec. (27)
=0 = Ec. (104)
= = , = ( ) Ec. (105)
= = ( ) Ec. (108)
Donde:
Where:
= = ( ) + Ec. (109)
(( ) + )
= ( ) Ec. (110)
( )
( ) = ( ) Ec. (111) = Ec. (112)
( )
= Ec. (113)
Condiciones adimensionales:
Dimensionless conditions:
C.F.1) = 0 =1
C.F.2) = =
= 1 + 2 Ec. (27)
1 = 1 + 2 Ec. (114)
2 = 1 1 Ec. (115)
1 1
2 = Ec. (116)
1 1 0
2 = Ec. (117)
0
2 = 1 1 Ec. (118)
Sustituyendo Ec. (118) en Ec. (27):
= 1 + (1 1 ) Ec. (119)
= 1 + 1 Ec. (120)
= + 1 ( ) Ec. (121)
( + 1 + 1 ) = Ec. (125)
1 ( + ) = Ec. (126)
= Ec. (127)
1 ( + ) = + Ec. (128)
1 ( + ) = = + ( + 1 ( )) Ec. (129)
1 ( + ) 1 ( ) = Ec. (130)
1 = + + Ec. (131)
+ +
= + ( ) Ec. (132)
+ +
() + (+) (+) + () + () (+) () + (+)
= Ec. (133)
+ +
() + () + ( () () )
= Ec. (134)
+ + ( )
() + () + ( () () )
= 2 Ec. (135)
+ + ( )
2
() + () () ()
( 2 ) + ( 2 )
= Ec. (136)
+
( )+( )
2 2
Aplicando propiedades:
Applying properties:
+ () + ()
() = = = [( )] Ec. (137)
2 2
() ()
() = = = [( )] Ec. (138)
2 2
Sustituyendo:
Substituting:
[( )] + [( )]
= Ec. (139)
() + ()
Tomando = :
Taking = :
[( )] + [( )]
= Ec. (140)
() + ()
Bibliography
[1] Welty, J., Wicks, C., Wilson, R. & Rorrer, G. (2008). Fundamentals of Momentum,
Heat, and Mass Transfer (5ta Edicin). Estados Unidos de Amrica: Wiley.
[6] McCabe, W., Smith, J. & Harriott, P. (2002). Operaciones unitarias en Ingeniera
Qumica (6ta. Edicin). Mxico: McGraw-Hill.
[7] Bird, R., Stewart, W. & Lightfoot, E. (2016) Fenomenos De Transporte (2da
Edicin). Mexico: Limusa Wiley.