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Speech and Language Disorder

When a person is unable to speech sounds correctly or fluently, or has problems with
his or her voice, then they have a speech disorder. Having difficulties pronouncing
sounds, or articulation disorders, and stoppering are examples of speech disorders.
When a person has trouble understanding others (receptive language), or sharing
thoughts, ideas, and feelings (Expressive), then it is language disorder. A stroke can be a
reason in aphasia, or a language disorder.
Children and adults can have speech and language disorders. This can happen from
medical problems or have no known cause.

Speech disorder
Childhood Apraxia of speech- Childhood apraxia of speech(CAS) is a motor speech
disorder. Children with CAS have problems saying sounds, syllables and words.
Dysarthria- is a motor speech disorder. It results from impaired movement of the
muscles used for speech production, including the lips, tongue, vocal folds. And or
diaphragm. The type of severity of dysarthria depend on which area of the nervous
system is affected.
Orofacial Myofunctional Disorder
Speech Sound Disorder: Articulation and Phonological Processes-Articulation: involves
problems making sounds. Sounds can be substituted, left off, added or changed.
Example (wabbit and rabbit) the W and R
-Phonological: involves patters of sound errors, example; substituting all sounds made in
the back of the mouth like k and g for those in the front of the mouth like t and
d saying tup for cup or das for gas.
Stuttering
Voice

Language
Preschool Language disorder: 3 to 5 years old. Have a hard time understanding and
talking.
Language-Based Learning Disabilities (Reading, Spelling, and writing): are problems with
age appropriate reading, spelling, and or writing. This disorder is not about how smart a
person is. Most people diagnosed with learning disabilities have average or superior
language. Example: dyslexia.
Selective Mutism- a child with selective mutism does not speak in certain situations, like
at school, but speaks at other times, like at home or with friends. it starts before a child
is 5 years old. It is usually first noticed when the child starts school.
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Reference
http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/
http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/ChildSandL.htm