1.

2.

a)@6bit;2^6=64 different voltage values,

@8bit;2^8=256 different voltage values,

@10bit;2^10=1024 different voltage values.

b) 44,000*10=440,000 bits per second

c) 5,000,000,000/440,000 = 11363.63636 seconds

3.

a) 2^20=1048576 different memory locations

b) 20/4 = 5 hex Digits

c) 256th memory is 255. 255 in hex = 000FF

4.

ASIC-An ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) is a microchip designed for a special application,
such as a particular kind of transmission protocol or a hand-held computer.

CAD-CAD (computer-aided design) software is used by architects, engineers, drafters, artists, and others
to create precision drawings or technical illustrations. CAD software can be used to create two-
dimensional (2-D) drawings or three-dimensional (3-D) models

CD-A compact disc (CD) is a plastic-fabricated, circular medium for recording, storing, and playing back
audio, video, and computer data.
CO-Capacity optimization (CO) is a technique for getting more data on a storage medium by analyzing
the data for unique repetitive patterns that are then stored as shorter symbols. In capacity optimization,
a small number of unique data units, called fundamental parts, are identified and stored.

CPLD- A complex programmable logic device (CPLD) is a programmable logic device with complexity
between that of PALs and FPGAs, and architectural features of both. The main building block of the CPLD
is a macrocell, which contains logic implementing disjunctive normal form expressions and more
specialized logic operations.

DIP-In microelectronics, a dual in-line package (DIP or DIL), or dual in-line pin package (DIPP) is an
electronic component package with a rectangular housing and two parallel rows of electrical connecting
pins.

DVD-Stands for "Digital Versatile Disc." A DVD is a type of optical media used for storing digital data. It is
the same size as a CD, but has a larger storage capacity.

FPGA-Stands for "Field-Programmable Gate Array." An FPGA is an integrated circuit that can be
customized for a specific application. Unlike traditional CPUs, FGPAs are "field-programmable," meaning
they can be configured by the user after manufacturing.

HDL-In electronics, a hardware description language (HDL) is a specialized computer language used to
describe the structure and behavior of electronic circuits, and most commonly, digital logic circuits.

IC-An integrated circuit, or IC, is small chip that can function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer,
microprocessor, or even computer memory. An IC is a small wafer, usually made of silicon, that can hold
anywhere from hundreds to millions of transistors, resistors, and capacitors. These extremely small
electronics can perform calculations and store data using either digital or analog technology.

IP-Stands for "Internet Protocol." IP provides a standard set of rules for sending and receiving data over
the Internet. It allows devices running on different platforms to communicate with each other as long as
they are connected to the Internet.

LSI-Large-scale integration (LSI) is the process of integrating or embedding thousands of transistors on a

single silicon semiconductor microchip.

MCM- Multi-carrier modulation (MCM) is a method of transmitting data by splitting it into several
components, and sending each of these components over separate carrier signals. The individual
carriers have narrow bandwidth , but the composite signal can have broad bandwidth.
MSI-Medium-scale integration is the process of embedding hundreds of transistors in one integrated
circuit or microchip.

NRE-Non-recurring engineering refers to the one-time cost to research, develop, design and test a new
product.

PBX-A private branch exchange (PBX) is a private telephone network used within an enterprise. It is a
business-oriented phone system designed to supply efficient voice communications between the users
of an organization. Acting as the phone companys central office within an organization, a PBX works as
the exchange point and point for routing calls.

PCB-A printed circuit board (PCB) is an electronic circuit used in devices to provide mechanical support
and a pathway to its electronic components. It is made by combining different sheets of non-conductive
material, such as fiberglass or plastic, that easily holds copper circuitry.

PLD-A programmable logic device (PLD) is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital
circuits. Unlike a logic gate, which has a fixed function, a PLD has an undefined function at the time of
manufacture. Before the PLD can be used in a circuit it must be programmed, that is, reconfigured.

PWB-Printed wiring board is a substrate on which various electronic devices are mounted, also providing
passage for electrons to flow on its surface and interiors

SMT-Surface-mount technology (SMT) is a method for producing electronic circuits in which the
components are mounted or placed directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards (PCBs). An
electronic device so made is called a surface-mount device (SMD). In the industry it has largely replaced
the through-hole technology construction method of fitting components with wire leads into holes in
the circuit board. Both technologies can be used on the same board, with the through-hole technology
used for components not suitable for surface mounting such as large transformers and heat-sinked
power semiconductors.

SSI-A single system image (SSI) is a distributed computing method in which the system hides the
distributed nature of the available resources from the users. The computer cluster, therefore, appears
to be a single computer to users. This property can be enabled through software mechanisms or
extended hardware.

VHDL-VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) is a hardware description language used in

electronic design automation to describe digital and mixed-signal systems such as field-programmable
gate arrays and integrated circuits. VHDL can also be used as a general purpose parallel programming
language.

VLSI-Very large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of integrating or embedding hundreds of

thousands of transistors on a single silicon semiconductor microchip. VLSI technology was conceived in
the late 1970s when advanced level computer processor microchips were under development.
5.

ABEL-The Advanced Boolean Expression Language (ABEL) is a Hardware description language and an
associated set of design tools for programming.

PLDs-A programmable logic device (PLD) is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital
circuits. Unlike a logic gate, which has a fixed function, a PLD has an undefined function at the time of
manufacture. Before the PLD can be used in a circuit it must be programmed, that is, reconfigured.

CMOS-A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) is an integrated circuit design on a printed
circuit board (PCB) that uses semiconductor technology. The PCB has microchips and a layout of electric
circuits that connect the chips. All circuit boards are typically either CMOS chips, N-type metal oxide
semiconductor (NMOS) logic, or transistor-transistor logic (TTL) chips. The CMOS chip is most commonly
used, as it produces less heat and requires less electricity than the others.

JPEG-The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is a commission convened to maintain standards for
image rendering in technology. The acronym JPEG is much more commonly recognized as a file
extension for image files, representing the standard set by the international JPEG commission.

MPEG-The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is the family of standards and file formats which are
used in digital video.

PERL-Practical Extraction and Report Language (Perl) is a scripting language. Perl applications are known
as Perl scripts, which tend to be much more compact than scripts written in other languages. A common
use for Perl is to extract text file information and generate a report or other output format.

VHDL-VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) is a hardware description language used in

electronic design automation to describe digital and mixed-signal systems such as field-programmable
gate arrays and integrated circuits. VHDL can also be used as a general purpose parallel programming
language.

6.

7. (3x^2+2x^1+5X^0)+(4x^1+2X^0)=(4X^2+1X^1+1X^0); X=6. 6 Fingers