Essentials of Biostatistics in Public Health

Lisa M. Sullivan

This Excel workbook contains 10 worksheets to compute confidence interval estimates for means (m), proportions (p), the mea
difference in matched or paired samples (md), the difference in means (m1-m2), the difference in proportions(p1-p2), the relative
risk (p1/p2) and the odds ratio ({p1/(1-p1)}/{p2/(1-p2)}) using the formulas and procedures outlined in Chapter 6 of Essentials
Biostatistics in Public Health.

For each analysis, either raw data (i.e. data measured on each participant in the study sample(s)) or summary data (e.g., samp
size, sample mean and sample standard deviation) can be entered into the worksheet to produce the confidence interval
estimate. The worksheets to compute the different confidence interval estimates are described below.

Worksheets to Compute Confidence Intervals

1 - CI for m
Confidence interval for the mean of a population, continuous outome - Enter raw data into worksheet

2 - CI for m-Summary Data

Confidence interval for the mean of a population, continuous outome - Enter sample size, sample mean, sample standard
deviation

3 - CI for p
Confidence interval for the population proportion, dichotomous outome - Enter raw data into worksheet

4 - CI for p-Summary Data

Confidence interval for the population proportion, dichotomous outome - Enter sample size, number of successes in the samp
or the sample proportion

5 - CI for md
Confidence interval for the mean difference in matched or paired samples, continuous outome - Enter raw data into worksheet

6 - CI for md-Summary Data

Confidence interval for the mean difference in matched or paired samples, continuous outome - Enter sample size, sample me
difference, sample standard deviation of differences

7 - CI for (m1-m2)
Confidence interval for the difference in two independent means, continuous outome - Enter raw data into worksheet

8 - CI for (m1-m2)-Summary Data

Confidence interval for the difference in two independent means, continuous outome - Enter sample sizes, sample means,
sample standard deviations

9 - CI for (p1-p2) (NOTE: Also computes CI for relative risk and odds ratio)
Confidence interval for the difference in two independent proportions, dichotomous outome - Enter raw data into worksheet

10 - CI for (p1-p2)-Summary Data (NOTE: Also computes CI for relative risk and odds ratio)
Confidence interval for the difference in two independent proportions, dichotomous outome - Enter sample sizes, numbers of
successes or sample proportions in each group
 Essentials of Biostatistics in Public Health
Lisa M. Sullivan

One Sample CI for m age Confidence Level 95%

32.8
INSTRUCTIONS 40 RESULTS
41.1 n 5
42 Mean 40.280
45.5 Std Dev 4.661
Enter Your Data in Column C (Yellow).
SE 2.085
Place the Variable Name in Cell C2 t 2.776
and the Data Starting in Cell C3.
Margin of Error 5.788
Then Enter the Desired Confidence Lower Limit 34.492
Level (e.g., 90%, 95%) in Cell F2 (Yellow). Upper Limit 46.068
Results Will Show in Green Cells.

Note: You must "DELETE" old data in Column C

before starting a new analysis.
 One Sample CI for m Confidence Level 99%

INSTRUCTIONS SUMMARY STATISTICS

n 65
Mean 16.000
Std Dev 1.400
Enter the Desired Confidence
Level (e.g., 90%, 95%) in Cell D2 (Yellow). RESULTS
Then Enter Summary Statistics SE 0.174
(n, Sample Mean, Sample Standard Deviation) Z 2.576
In Cells D5 Through D7 (Yellow). Margin of Error 0.447
Results Will Show in Green Cells. Lower Limit 15.553
Upper Limit 16.447
 One Sample CI for p X Confidence Level 95%
1
INSTRUCTIONS 0 RESULTS*
1 n 20
0 Sample Proportion 0.300
0 Std Dev 0.458
Enter Your Data in Column C (Yellow). 1 SE 0.102
Code Data as 0=No and 1=Yes.
1 Z 1.960
Place the Variable Name in Cell C2 0 Margin of Error 0.201
and the Data Starting in Cell C3.
0 Lower Limit 0.099
Then Enter the Desired Confidence 1 Upper Limit 0.501
Level (e.g., 90%, 95%) in Cell F2 (Yellow). 0
Results Will Show in Green Cells. 1
0 *Min(np,n(1-p))>=5
0
Note: You must "DELETE" old data in Column C 0 14
before starting a new analysis. 0 6
0
0
0
0
 One Sample CI for p Confidence Level 95%

INSTRUCTIONS SUMMARY STATISTICS

n 68
Number of Successes
or Sample Proportion 0.130

Enter the Desired Confidence RESULTS*

Level (e.g., 90%, 95%) in Cell D2 (Yellow). Sample Proportion 0.130
Then Enter Summary Statistics SE 0.041
(n, Number of Successes or Sample Proportion) Z 1.960
In Cells D5 and Either D6 or D7 (Yellow). Margin of Error 0.080
Results Will Show in Green Cells. Lower Limit 0.050
Upper Limit 0.210

*Min(np,n(1-p))>=5
 Two Dependent Samples CI for m d Var1 Var2 Differences Confidence Level 95%
180 165 15
INSTRUCTIONS 142 138 4 RESULTS
126 128 -2 n (Number of Pairs) 10
138 136 2 Mean Difference 6.600
175 170 5 Std Dev of Difference 5.816
Enter Your Data in Columns C & D (Yellow).
205 197 8 SE 1.839
Place the Variable Names in Cells C2 & D2 116 115 1 t 2.262
and the Data Starting in Cells C3 & D3.
142 128 14 Margin of Error 4.160
Then Enter the Desired Confidence 157 144 13 Lower Limit 2.440
Level (e.g., 90%, 95%) in Cell G2 (Yellow). 136 130 6 Upper Limit 10.760
Results Will Show in Green Cells.

Note: You must "DELETE" old data in Columns C

& D before starting a new analysis.
 One Sample CI for m Confidence Level 95%

INSTRUCTIONS SUMMARY STATISTICS

n 10
Mean Difference 6.600
Std Dev of Difference Scores 5.820
Enter the Desired Confidence
Level (e.g., 90%, 95%) in Cell D2 (Yellow).
RESULTS
Then Enter Summary Statistics
(n, Sample Mean Difference, Sample Standard SE 1.840
Deviation of Difference Scores) t 2.262
In Cells D5 Through D7 (Yellow). Margin of Error 4.163
Results Will Show in Green Cells. Lower Limit 2.437
Upper Limit 10.763
 Two Independent Samples CI for (m 1-m 2 ) Var1 Var2 Confidence Level 95%
113 141
INSTRUCTIONS 125 137 RESULTS
134 126 Group 1 Group 2
120 121 n 8 8
132 116 Mean 123.000 138.75
Enter Your Data in Columns C & D (Yellow).
120 154 Std Dev 7.010 16.697
Place the Variable Names in Cells C2 & D2 121 160 SE 2.478 5.903
and the Data Starting in Cells C3 & D3.
119 155 t 2.145
Then Enter the Desired Confidence Sp 12.805
Level (e.g., 90%, 95%) in Cell G2 (Yellow). Margin of Error 13.732
Results Will Show in Green Cells. Point Estimate -15.750
Lower Limit -29.482
Upper Limit -2.018
Note: You must "DELETE" old data in Columns C
& D before starting a new analysis.
Two Independent Samples CI for (m 1-m 2 ) Confidence Level 95%

INSTRUCTIONS SUMMARY STATISTICS

Group 1 Group 2
n 15 15
Mean 33.80 22.40
Enter the Desired Confidence
Level (e.g., 90%, 95%) in Cell G2 (Yellow). Std Dev 1.69 1.75
n1>=30
Then Enter Summary Statistics
(Sample Size, Sample Mean and RESULTS n2>=30
Sample Standard Deviation for Each Group) Group 1 Group 2
in Cells D6 Through E8 (Yellow). SE 0.436 0.452
Results Will Show in Green Cells.
t 2.048
Sp 1.720
Margin of Error 1.287
Point Estimate 11.400
Lower Limit 10.113
 Two Independent Samples CI for (p1-p2 ) Var1 Var2 Confidence Level 95%
0 0
INSTRUCTIONS 0 0 RESULTS*
0 0 Group 1 Group 2
0 0 n 50 50
0 0 Sample Proportions 0.460 0.220
Enter Your Data in Columns C & D (Yellow).
0 0 Risk Difference (RD) 0.240
Place the Variable Names in Cells C2 & D2 0 0 SE (RD) 0.092
and the Data Starting in Cells C3 & D3.
0 0 Z 1.960
Then Enter the Desired Confidence 0 0 Margin of Error 0.180
Level (e.g., 90%, 95%) in Cell G2 (Yellow). 0 0 CI for Risk Difference
Results Will Show in Green Cells. 0 0 Lower Limit 0.060
0 0 Upper Limit 0.420
0 0
Note: You must "DELETE" old data in Columns C 0 0 Relative Risk (RR) 2.091
& D before starting a new analysis. 0 0 CI for Relative Risk
0 0 Lower Limit 1.145
0 0 Upper Limit 3.818
0 0
0 0 Odds Ratio (OR) 3.020
0 0 CI for Odds Ratio
0 0 Lower Limit 1.265
0 0 Upper Limit 7.209
0 0
0 0 *Min(n1p1,n1(1-p1),n2p2,n2(1-p2))>=5
0 0
0 0
0 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
 Two Independent Samples CI for (p1-p2 ) Confidence Level 95%

INSTRUCTIONS SUMMARY STATISTICS

Group 1 Group 2
n 50 50
Number of Successes 23 11
or Sample Proportion
Enter the Desired Confidence
Level (e.g., 90%, 95%) in Cell G2 (Yellow). RESULTS*
Then Enter Summary Statistics Group 1 Group 2
(n, Number of Successes or Sample Proportions Sample Proportions 0.460 0.220
In Each Group) in Cells D6 and E6 and Either
D7 and E7 (Numbers of Successes) or
D8 and E8 (Sample Proportions). Risk Difference (RD) 0.240
SE (RD) 0.092
Results Will Show in Green Cells. Z 1.960 ln(RR)
Margin of Error 0.180
CI for Risk Difference
Lower Limit 0.060
Upper Limit 0.420
ln(OR)
Relative Risk (RR) 2.091 SE
CI for Relative Risk
Lower Limit 1.145
Upper Limit 3.818

Odds Ratio (OR) 3.020

CI for Odds Ratio
Lower Limit 1.265
Upper Limit 7.209