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R. De Jager, J. Chong, Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences
HES5108 Research Project
No. of Annual Avg. Daily Ave consumption Area of suburb population density 12.00
OBJECTIVES SUBURB
Services consumption consumption /d/ capita (km2) (people per km2)
The main objective of this research project is to investigate the appropriate peak 10.00
BOXHILL 4492 510857518.98 1399609.64 130.42 3.52 2591.34
water demand factors recommended by the WSAA Guidelines to specific varying
Cp Values
BROADMEADOWS 5825 1653490731.18 4530111.59 268.75 8.39 1186.39 8.00 Cp 5
populations.
CRAIGIEBURN 16802 2907221866.38 7964991.41 151.36 12.05 1723.91 Cp 60
Secondly, our research aims to investigate the effects of timing sampling intervals 6.00
DONCASTOR 11009 3061996381.50 8389031.18 292.16 8.89 2003.22 24 hour
on peak demand factor calculations
DONVALE 7648 1303817274.43 3572102.12 167.55 10.92 1057.51 4.00
FAWKNER 4399 65994.79 180.81 0.02 5.10 2328.63
BACKGROUND GREENSBOROUGH 7060 746311999.83 2044690.41 105.51 10.47 1890.13 2.00
Peak Day Factor can be defined as the ratio of peak day demand during a 12-month KANGAROO GROUNDS 5382 362439953.40 992986.17 57.66 5.40 311.46 0.00
period over average day demand of the same period. KEW NTH BALWYN 1070 1249378926.61 3422955.96 172.78 8.94 2216.57 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000
Peak Hour Factor can be defined as the ratio of peak hour demand on the peak day RINGWOOD* 4430 1471280746.14 4030906.15 393.44 10.06 1496.24
Number of Services
over the average hourly demand over the same 24 hours WHITTLESEA EAST 2048 339099911.78 929040.85 162.95 3.93 844.71
Peak water Demand Factors currently used in Melbourne for water supply system YARRAMBAT RES NTH 7244 1480164805.53 4055246.04 169.64 14.70 101.77
6.00
design were last revised in the year 2002, the same year that Stage 1 water
5.00
restrictions were introduced to Victoria.
DATA ANALYSIS Peak Demand Factors (PDF)
The factors given by the Water Supply Code of Australia (WSAA 2002) for the Peak 4.00
Water Demand Factors used are as followed:
The graph below shows the variance in PDFs calculated from The graph below shows the range of PDF values compared to
Cp Values
the data. the number of services within the zone. 3.00 Cp 5
Peak Day Demand = Average day demand x Peak Day Factor (PDF) CP 60
The variance shows that by assuming a sampling interval of 1 As can be seen from the graph; the number of services is
2.00 24hours
hour there is the possibility that the design could result in a negatively skewed against PDF values. As such a higher number
Where the PDF can be taken as:
lower estimation of maximum demand than is accurately of services results in a lower PDF for the zone.
1.5 For populations over 10,000 1.00
demanded when using a timing interval of 5 minutes
2 for populations below 2,000.
For example; the outlying value for Broadmeadows using 5 0.00
10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000 18,000
minute intervals is neglected when using any greater sampling Number of Services
interval, as the maximum demand will be averaged out.
Peak Hour Demand = Average hour demand x Peak Hour Factor (PHF)
Where the PHF can be taken as: 16.00 RECOMMENDATIONS / FURTHER RESEARCH
2 for populations over 10,000 14.00 BOXHILL Peak Demand Factors should be revised.
5 for populations below 2,000.
12.00
BROADMEADOWS
CRAIGIEBURN
Shorter time intervals should be taken into account.
10.00
DONCASTOR Average intervals should be considered (effect of 5 min and 10 min)
Cp Value