You are on page 1of 6

www.ijape.

orgInternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013

TestandAnalysisofLowVoltageRide
throughCharacteristicofWindFarm
HUHongbin1,MENGQingtian1,BUHe2,RENYongfeng*2
CorrespondingAuthor:RENYongfeng,Ph.D,Professor,engagedinwindpowergeneration
technologyandpowerqualityresearch.
ProjectsupportedbytheProgramforNewCenturyExcellentTalentsinUniversity(NCET111018);the
KeyProjectofChineseMinistryofEducation(210037);thePh.D.FoundationProgramofInnerMongolia
NaturalScience(2011BS0903)andtheTalentsFoundProjectoftheInnerMongolia.
1InnerMongoliaElectricPowerResearchInstitute,Hohhot010020,China.
2ElectricPowerCollege,InnerMongoliaUniversityofTechnology,Hohhot010051,China.
hhb9393@126.com;mqt2000@126.com;buhe8888@126.com;*renyongfeng@vip.sina.com

Abstract power system, and both request wind turbines


Withtheincreasingpenetrationrateofwindpowerinpower connectedtogridbecapableofLVRT.Comparedwith
system, the mutual influence between wind power and conventional thermal power, wind power has two
electric power system is more and more severe, the power totallydifferentcharacteristics:thefirstoneisthatthe
system make mandatory requirements for gridconnected wind turbine output depends on the power of the
windturbinescanoperateuninterruptedlyundergridfaults. wind but the power of wind is uncontrollable in the
Inthispaper,fieldtestingcharacteristicoflowvoltageride process of power generation, and the randomicity of
through (LVRT) for directly driven permanent magnet windspeedanddirectionleadtotheintermittenceand
synchronous generator (PMSG) in Inner Mongolia power
volatilityofwindpoweroutput;Thesecondisthatthe
gridisanalyzed.MovableLVRTtestdevice,adoptedbythe
test program, which based on the principle of impedance
windturbinedontrespondtopowerimbalanceinthe
differentialvoltage,isintroduced.Testresultsshowthatthe system and it cannot through the disturbance,
wind turbines in the wind field meet the requirements of therefore, it has weak stability and weak disturbance
state grid enterprise standard for LVRT ability. In the rejection [15]. With theincreasing penetration rateof
process of the voltage sag test, wind turbines can operate windpowerinthegrid,thewholesystemwillbehard
uninterruptedlyandguaranteethepowergridoperatesafely to restore and possibly the system will be partly or
and stably, the stability and the security of system is thus completely beakdown if the generator still take
enhanced. disconnectionpassivelywhenpowergridatfaults[6].
Keywords Thus, the new grid principles demand that when
Windturbines;LVRT;MovableLVRTTestDevice;FieldTesting
power grid faults, wind turbines connected to grid
shouldhavecertainLVRTabilitiesandalsocanreturn
Introduction to normal operation after the fault was removed. At
present, massive studies concerning LVRT have been
At the present stage, wind power has developed conducted home and abroad with the purpose of
rapidly in our country, and penetration rate of wind improving the grids acceptance ability for wind
powerinthegridisincreasing.Theinterplaybetween power and make wind power a friendly power of
wind turbines and grid is becoming more and more powersystem[713].
severe. However, most wind turbines are distributed
in areas of weak power grid, which will inevitably Authorized by a wind power co., LTD in Inner
affect the operating stability and power quality of Mongolia, the electric power research institute made
power grid. State Grid Corporation of China has field test of the LVRT ability of wind turbine in the
successively formulated relative enterprise standards wind farm according to the State Grid Corporation
Q/GDW3922009technicalregulationsforwindfarms enterprise standard Q/GDW 3922009 technical
connected to power grid and GB/T 199632011 regulations for wind farms connected to the power
technical regulations for wind farms connected to the grid and IEC 6140021 2008 Measurement and

186
InternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013www.ijape.org

assessmentofpowerqualitycharacteristicsofthegrid during grid fault, the active power should be fast


connectedwindturbines.Inthispaper,thefieldtest recovery after the fault clearance, since the fault
of LVRT is analysed according to the technical clearingmoment,atleastatpowervariationrate10%
regulations for wind power connected to power returntonormalvalue.
systemandcombineswiththewindpowerseffecton
DynamicReactivePowerSupportAbility
thepowersystem.
Fortotalinstalledcapacityovermillionkilowattscale
Technical Regulations for Wind Farms wind fields, when the threephase short circuit fault
Connected To Power System occur in power system and cause voltage sag, each
Low voltage ridethrough ability refers to that in the wind farm should have the following dynamic
powergridoperation,whenthesystemdisturbanceor reactivepowersupportabilityintheprocessofLVRT:
distal (near) end faults can cause local voltage sag (a)WhenthewindfarmvoltageofPCCisintherange
instantaneously, power supplys ability to maintain of 20% ~ 90% nominal voltage, wind farm should be
gridconnectedoperationduringthisperiod. able to support voltage recovery by injecting reactive
BasicRequirements current to grid; Since the moment of voltage sag,
dynamicreactivecurrentcontroloftheresponsetime
Figure1showtheLVRTrequirementforwindpower is not more than 75ms. Duration time should be not
plants. lessthan550ms.

(b) The dynamic reactive current of wind farm


injectingtopowersystem:
Voltage of PCCpu)

IT 1.5 (0.9 U T ) I N 0.2 U T 0.9

Where U T are voltage standard values of PCC. I N is


windfarmratedcurrent.

Overview of Wind Turbine LVRT

FIG.1LVRTREQUIREMENTFORWINDPOWERPLANT
BasicParametersofWindTurbine

(a)Whenthevoltageofcommonconnectedgridpoint Thebasicinformationofthemeasuredwindturbineis
(PCC) dip to 20% of the nominal voltage, wind presentedintable1andtable2.
turbines should guarantee connected to the grid and TABLE1BASICINFORMATIONOFA02WINDTURBINE
operating625msuninterruptedly.
3bladeshorizontalshaft
Windturbinetypes
(b)Whenthevoltageofcommonconnectedgridpoint upwind

(PCC)returnto90%ofthenominalvoltagewithin2s Hubheight 70m


after grid fault clearance, wind turbines should
Leafbladecontrolmode Variablepitch
guarantee connected to the grid and operating
uninterruptedly. Rotationalspeedcontrol Variablespeed

When electric power system break down in different Controlsystemtypeand


KNWTCS850DD2V9.0.2
softwareversion
type of faults (threephase short circuit fault, two
Bladetypeandserial
phaseshortcircuitfault,singlephasegroundingfault), 27.4m007.008.011
number
if the examination voltage of PCC in voltage contour Bladelength 27.4m
line and above all areas in figure 1, wind turbines
Gearboxtypeandserial
must ensure connected to the grid and uninterrupted FL850HWXAF6548
number
operation;Otherwise,allowcutoutthewindturbines Generatortypeandserial Brushlesselectricexcitation
frompowergrid[5,6]. number synchronousgenerator
Convertertypeandserial fullpowerconverter
RecoveryofActivePower number (30080053A001180017)
Choppertype HWCCB150020.75
For the wind farm not cut off from power system

187
www.ijape.orgInternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013

TABLE2RATINGDATAOFWINDTURBINES (threephaseshortcircuit,twophaseshortcircuit)and
Ratedpower(kW) 850
differentdepthofvoltagedip,inordertomeetthetest
requirementsofLVRT.Differentdepthofvoltagedip
Ratedwindspeed(m/s) 13.5
can be realized by changing the connection way of
Ratedreactivepower(kVar) 400 currentlimitingreactorandtheshortcircuitreactance.
Ratedcurrent(A) 2365A

Nominalvoltage(V) 690

Ratedfrequency(Hz) 57

BasicPrincipleofLVRT
LVRT schematic diagram is shown in figure 2.The
LVRT module is used to consume electrical energy
when grid voltage dips, and maintain the dc bus
voltage stability, achieve wind power system LVRT
functions. When the converter detected grid voltage FIG.3LVRTTESTCIRCUITDIAGRAM
dip,andresidualvoltageiswithinthescopeofLVRT
curve, the system turn into state of LVRT. According TestProgram
to the voltage dip depth, a certain proportion of IntheprocessoftestingLVRTfunctional,thesoftware
reactivecurrentisinjectedtopowersystemtosupport and hardware of wind turbine are not allowed to
the grid voltage, residual current is used to maintain make any changes. The LVRT test project of wind
active output. When the active power of generator is turbineisasfollows:
larger,inadditiontotheenergyoutputtopowergrid
during LVRT, redundant energy is absorbed by the 1 Wind turbine has not put into operation (no
chopperresistancetomaintainconservationofenergy load) : Test two phase and threephase
and stable dc bus voltage. When the grid voltage voltage dip case, examine the configuration
recovery, the converter reduce the reactive power forvoltagedipoftestequipment.
support, and restore gridside active power output
2 Wind turbines operating in low power state
quickly, tracking the master controller power given,
0.1PnP0.3Pn:Testtwophaseandthree
the converter return to normal and stable operation.
phasevoltagedipcase.
Wind turbines is connected to the grid and
uninterruptedoperationisguaranteed. 3 Wind turbines operating in high power state
P0.9Pn:Testtwophaseandthreephase
voltagedipcase.
The LVRT test points voltage of wind turbine dip
amplitudeanddurationtimeareshownintable3.
TABLE3TESTCONTENT

Operationcondition
Voltagedip
Duration(ms)
amplitudep.u.
FIG.2THEDIAGRAMOFLVRTPRINCIPLE
0.750.05 170520

Test Equipment and Program 0.1PnP0.3Pn 0.500.05 121420

0.200.05 62520
LVRTTestEquipment
0.750.05 170520
The test equipment of LVRT consists of a container
P0.9Pn 0.500.05 121420
andaremotecontrolroom,thecontainerisequipped
withseriesandparallelreactorandswitches,UPSand 0.200.05 62520
otherdevices.Ratedvoltageis690V,ratedcapacityis
3MW. Test Data and Analysis
ThecircuitstructureofLVRTtestequipmentasshown This paper only analyzes test datas of high power
infigure3,thetestdevicecanproducedifferenttypes output, two kinds of voltage sag(two phrase, three

188
InternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013www.ijape.org

phrase)andtwokindsofvoltagesagsituation(50%Un, thevoltagesag,theamplitudeofgeneratorcurrent
20%Un), and make comprehensive analysis on the is 0.93puduring the sag period, A phrase and B
GHFD56850/II2 type wind turbines LVRT phrase current are both 1.07pu and C phrase
characteristics. current is 1.04pu which all within the current
limitoftheconverterAftervoltagerecovered,the
The following waveform diagram are labelled with
current recovered to the amplitude before voltage
perunitvalue,andthefiducialvalueare:themachine
sag. In figure 6 before voltage sag, the wind
terminal line voltage U n 690V , generator current
turbinesactivepowerPis0.92pureactivepower
I n 710 A andratedpower P 850kW . Qis0DuringthesagperiodactivepowerPdip
to 0.52 pureactive power Q up to 0.01puAfter
VoltageDipto50%UnP0.9Pn voltage recorvedactive power recovered to an
1)ThreePhaseVoltageSymmetricalSag amplitude of 0.95pureactive power recovered to
0.
Figure 456 are respectively voltage, current,
2)TwoPhaseVoltageSag
active and reactive power waveform when grid
voltagethreephrasesymmetricaldipto50%Un. Figure7,8,9showthevoltage,current,activeand
reactive power waveform respectively when two
U / pu 1.0
phasegridvoltagedipto50%nominalvalue.
0.99

U / pu

10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00
U bc / pu
t/s
FIG.4GRIDLINEVOLTAGEHIGHPOWER50%Un

I In
FIG.7GRIDLINEVOLTAGEHIGHPOWER50%Un

I / pu

I / pu


FIG.5CURRENTCURVEHIGHPOWER50%Un

FIG.8CURRENTCURVEHIGHPOWER50%Un
P / pu

P / pu

Q / pu

Q / pu

FIG.6ACTIVE/REACTIVEPOWER(HIGHPOWER50%Un

From figure 4, we can see before the voltage sag, FIG.9ACTIVE/REACTIVEPOWER(HIGHPOWER50%Un)


the amplitude of wind turbine line voltage is
u
0.99puit dip to 0.50pu during the sag period Figure 7 shows that wind turbine line voltage bc
the time of duration is 1214ms.In figure 5, before amplitude is 1.0pu before voltage sags, during

189
www.ijape.orgInternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013

voltsge sags it reduce to 0.48pu; Duration of grid voltage three phrase symmetrical dip to
voltage sags for 1214 ms. Figure 8 shows that 20%Un.
current amplitude is 0.93pu before voltage sags;
Seeing from figure 10, when the voltage sag
DuringsagstheCphasecurrentis1.34pu,Aphase
changes from 50% to 80% the duration is
current is 1.0pu, Bphase current is 0.93pu, three
625ms.During the period, the current increase a
phase current are within the limit value of
converter. After voltage recovery, current little.Infigure12,beforethevoltagesagthewind
amplitude return to normal. Shown in figure 9, turbines active power P amplitude is 1.0pu
before voltage sags, wind power generator active reactive power Q amplitude is 0 During the
power P amplitude is 0.93pu, reactive power Q voltage sag period, the active power P amplitude
amplitude is zero; During the voltage sags, active dipto0.24pureactivepowerQamplitudeupto
powerPamplitudedipto0.89pu,reactivepowerQ 0.01puAfter the voltage recorved, active power
increased to 0.15pu; After voltage recovery, active recovered to 0.98pureactive power Q amplitude
power return to 1.02pu, reactive power return to is0andoperatinginunitpowerfactor.
zero.
2)TwoPhraseVoltageSag
VoltageDipto20%UnP0.9Pn Figure 13 14 15 are respectively the voltage,
1)ThreePhaseVoltageSymmetricalSag current,activeandreactivepowerwaveformwhen
gridvoltagetwophrasedipto20%Un.

U / pu
U / pu

U bc / pu


FIG.10GRIDLINEVOLTAGEHIGHPOWER20%Un
FIG.13GRIDLINEVOLTAGEHIGHPOWER20%Un

I / pu
I / pu

FIG.11CURRENTCURVEHIGHPOWER20%Un
FIG.14CURRENTCURVEHIGHPOWER20%Un

P / pu P / pu

Q / pu
Q / pu


FIG.12ACTIVE/REACTIVEPOWER(HIGHPOWER20%Un FIG.15ACTIVE/REACTIVEPOWER(HIGHPOWER20%Un

Figure 10 11 12 are respectively the voltage, When two phrase voltage dip to 20%Un the
current,activeandreactivepowerwaveformwhen duration time is 625ms.In figure 14, before the

190
InternationalJournalofAutomationandPowerEngineering(IJAPE)Volume2Issue4,May2013www.ijape.org

voltage sag, the wind turbines current amplitude Condition[J].IEEETransactionsonIndustrialElectronics,


is 1.0puduring the sag period, ABC phrase
2013,60(6):24952509.
current are respectively 1.0pu 0.87pu
John Kabouris,F. D. Kanellos. Impacts of LargeScale Wind
1.45pu,which all within the current limit of the
converter. Active power P amplitude is 0.82pu Penetration on Designing and Operation of Electric
reactive power Q amplitude is 0.27 pu. After the Power Systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable
voltage recovered, the current recovered to the Energy,2010,1(2):107114.
amplitude before the sag, and the active power
Liying ZHANG, Tinglu YE, Yaozhong XINProblems and
recoveredto1.03pu,reactivepoweramplitudeis0.
Measures of Power Grid Accommodating Large Scale
Conclusions Wind Power [J]Proceedings of the CSEE,
ThroughfieldtestingofLVRTforthewindturbinein 2010,302519.
the wind farm. Under two kinds of working M., Molinas;J.A., Suul; T., Undeland. Low Voltage Ride
conditions: high power and low power, two phrase
Through of Wind Farms With Cage Generators:
and three phrase short circuit were tested when the
STATCOM Versus SVC[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power
voltagedipto50%Unand20%Unrespectively.During
the process of test, the wind turbine did not cut off Electronics,2008,23(3):11041117.
from the grid and operating uninterruptedly. A02 S.M.Muyeen,RionTakahashi,ToshiakiMurata.AVariable
wind turbine in this wind farm meet the LVRT Speed Wind Turbine Control Strategy to Meet Wind
requirementinthetecnicalregulationsforwindfarm
Farm Grid Code Requirements[J]. IEEE Transactions on
connected to power grid which was formulated by
the State Grid Corporation Enterprise Standards PowerSystems,2010,25(1):331340.
Q/GDW3922009. Teng Long, Shiyi Shao, Member, Paul Malliband.
Crowbarless Fault RideThrough of the Brushless
REFERENCES
Doubly Fed Induction Generator in a Wind
Alepuz,Salvador;Calle,Alejandro;BusquetsMonge,Sergio. TurbineUnder Symmetrical Voltage Dips[J]. IEEE
Use of Stored Energy in PMSG Rotor Inertia for Low
Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(7): 2833
Voltage RideThrough in BacktoBack NPC Converter
2841.
Based Wind Power Systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on
Xiaoming YUAN, Shijie CHENG, Jinyu WEN. Prospects
IndustrialElectronics,2013,60(5):17871796.
Analysis of Energy Storage Application in Grid
Aung Ko, Thet; Hiroumi, Saitoh. Pitch Control Based on
Integration of Largescale Wind Power [J]. Automation
VoltageDipDetectionforImprovingTheLVRTofWind
ofElectricPowerSystems2013,3711418.
Farm[J]. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic
Xing ZHANG, Longyun ZHANG, Shuying YANGLow
Engineering,2012,7(2):136143.
Voltage Ridethrough Technologies in Wind Turbine
CaixiaWang,JamesD.McCalley.ImpactofWindPoweron
Generation [J]. Proceedings of the Chinese Society of
Control Performance Standards[J]. Electrical Power and
Universities for Electric Power System and its
EnergySystems,2013(47):225234.
DennisY.C.Leung,YuanYang.WindEnergyDevelopment Automation,2008,202:18.

and its Environmental Impact: A Review[J]. Renewable Zilong ZHAO, Weining WU, Wei WANG. A Low Voltage

andSustainableEnergyReviews,2012(16):10311039. Ride Through Technology for Directdrive Wind

HuaGeng,CongLiu,GengYang.LVRTCapabilityofDFIG Turbines Under Unbalanced Voltage Dips [J].


Based WECS Under Asymmetrical Grid Fault AutomationofElectricPowerSystems,2009,33(21):8791.

191

You might also like