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This Practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.71 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Sustainability. Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
Current edition approved August 15, 2005. Published August 2005. the ASTM website.
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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of the system provides both drainage and water capture 3.2.8 transient water, nthe quantity of water that is
functions. In this case the captured water applies only to the required to completely fill the drainage layer of a green roof
thickness of the granular course for which drainage is re- system, less the quantity of captured water.
stricted. 3.2.8.1 DiscussionTransient water fills the open space,
A method for determining the captured water associated with including pore spaces. This water can only be held for a period
geocomposites based on the unit water capture volume is of minutes and drains immediately when rainfall additions end.
provided in Test Method E 2398. The quantity of captured This moisture contributes to the live load of the system.
water will depend on whether or not the upper surface of the
geocomposite drain layer is in-filled with granular media. 4. Summary of Practice
3.2.2 geocomposite drain layer, na synthetic sheet, mat, 4.1 This practice describes a systematic procedure for esti-
or panel that is specifically designed to convey water horizon- mating the dead load and transient water live load of green roof
tally toward the roof deck drains, gutters, or scuppers. systems using information about the green roof components
that are available from laboratory analysis.
3.2.2.1 DiscussionGeocomposite drainage layers include
absorptive drainage mats whose principle function is drainage, 5. Significance and Use
but which will also contribute to water retention (see retained 5.1 This practice addresses performance characteristics for
water). Some geocomposite drainage layers may incorporate green roof systems with respect to the dead load and transient
receptacles on their upper surfaces that will capture water (see water live load of the entire system.
captured water) 5.2 Determining these performance characteristics of green
3.2.3 maximum media density, nthe density of a mixed roof systems provides information to facilitate the assessment
media material determined after it has been subjected to a of related engineering aspects of the facility. Such aspects may
specific amount of compaction and hydrated by immersion to include structural design requirements, mechanical engineering
simulate prolonged exposure to both foot traffic and rainfall. and thermal design requirements, and fire and life safety
3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe maximum media density applies requirements.
to media in a drained condition. The measurement of the 5.3 Determining these performance characteristics of green
maximum media density is provided in Test Method E 2396. roof systems provides information to facilitate assessment of
3.2.4 maximum media water retentionthe quantity of the performance of one green roof system relative to another.
water held in a media layer at the maximum media density. 6. Apparatus
3.2.4.1 DiscussionA procedure for measuring the maxi- 6.1 Apparatus:
mum media water retention is provided in Test Method E 2399. 6.1.1 Scale , accurate to 0.005 oz (0.14 g),
3.2.5 retained water, nwater which is held for a period of 6.1.2 Metal mesh with sieve opening size of U.S. #30 (0.6
hours or days but would eventually drain out given enough mm), or larger, suspended from a drain stand,
time in the absence of evaporation or plant transpiration. 6.1.3 Pan, and
3.2.5.1 DiscussionRetained water is the quantity of water 6.1.4 Water bath.
that is held for a prolonged period against gravity drainage in 6.2 Units of measure: lb/ft2(kg/m2).
a green roof system, or in one of its components, after new
additions by rainfall or artificial irrigation have ceased. Ne- 7. Procedure
glecting the effects of capillary rise, evaporation, and plant 7.1 Weight of all non-absorptive plastic sheet components,
transpiration all of this water would eventually produce runoff. excluding fabrics: Using the scale, weigh a 4-in. by 4-in.
However, in practice most of this water will not become runoff (10-cm by 10-cm) piece. Multiply this weight by 9 (100) to
but will be lost to evaporation and the plant-mediated processes convert to unit weight in lb/ft2 (kg/m2) and record.
of transpiration. This procedure describes standardized meth- 7.2 Weight of all fabrics: Weigh a 4-in. by 4-in. (10-cm by
ods for estimating the quantity of water retained in a green roof 10-cm) sample in the dry condition. Multiply this weight by 9
system. (100) to convert to unit weight in lb/ft2 (kg/m2), and record.
This is the dry unit weight. Immerse the sample in a water bath
3.2.6 roof system, nsee roofing system.
for 15 min. Withdraw from the bath and drain for 15 min.
3.2.7 roofing system, nassembly of interacting compo- Weigh the sample and record the unit weight in lb/ft2 (kg/m2).
nents designed to weatherproof, and sometimes to insulate, the This is the wet unit weight. The difference between the two
roof surface of a building. (E 631) measurements is the unit weight of the retained water associ-
3.2.7.1 DiscussionThis term includes all components ated with fabric.
above the roof deck that are not part of the overlying green roof 7.3 Weight of absorptive drainage mats used as drainage
system. In practice this usually means the waterproofing layer components: Weigh the pan using the scale. Weigh a 4-in.
membrane and all materials below the waterproofing mem- by 4-in. (10-cm by 10-cm) sample in the dry condition. Record
brane, down to the structural deck. It may include structural the dry unit weight of the sample in lb/ft2 (kg/m2). Immerse the
materials such as cover/recover board, insulation, protective mat in the water bath for 24 hours. Withdraw the mat from the
layers, fire-suppressing materials, and waterproofing materials. water bath and without delay place the mat into the pan. Weigh
The weight of these components (assumed dry) must be the pan and its contents. Subtract the weight of the pan and the
obtained from the manufacturer of the roofing system. dry weight of the mat. Record the unit weight of the water
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contained in the mat when filled to capacity in lb/ft2 (kg/m2). layer in feet (metres) and by 0.624 (98.1). Record this unit
Dry the pan. Allow the mat to drain for an additional 2 hours weight in lb/ft2 (kg/m2).
and return the mat to the pan. Weigh the pan and its contents. 7.7 Weight of transient water in the drainage layer in
Subtract the weight of the pan and record the unit weight in granular materials: Use Test Method C 29/C 29M to deter-
lb/ft2 (kg/m2). This is the unit wet weight of the sample. mine the porosity, reported in percent, of the drainage media.
Subtract the dry unit weight of the sample from its wet unit Multiply the porosity times the depth of the drainage layer in
weight. This is the unit weight of the retained water in the mat, feet (metres) and by 0.624 (98.1). Record this unit weight in
in lb/ft2 (kg/m2). Subtract the unit weight of the retained water lb/ft2 (kg/m2).
from the unit weight of the water when the mat was filled to 7.8 Weight of transient water in a geocomposite drain
capacity. This is the unit weight of the transient water associ- layers: For systems using absorptive drainage mats, the
ated with the absorptive drainage mat. method for determining the weight of transient water is
7.4 Weight of the growth media: Use Test Method E 2396 to described in Section 7.3. For other geocomposite drain layers,
determine the maximum media density (MMD) in lb/ft3 (kg/ use Test Method E 2398 to determine the unit volume of the
m3) and the maximum media water retention (MMWR). geocomposite drain layer in ft3/ft2 (cm3/cm2). Multiply this
Multiply the maximum media density times the depth of the unit volume by 62.4 (98.1). Subtract the unit weight of
media layer in feet (metres). Record the unit weight in captured water associated with the geocomposite drain layer.
lb/ft2 (kg/m2). To determine the weight of the retained water Record the resulting unit weight in lb/ft2 (kg/m2).
multiply the MMWR by the depth of the media layer in feet NOTE 1A method for measuring the effective open space in a
(metres) and by 0.624 (98.10). Record the unit weight in geocomposite drain layer has not been introduced at this time. In the
lb/ft3 (kg/m3). absence of standard method use the full thickness of the geocomposite
7.5 Weight of granular drainage media. Use Test Method drain layer, measured in ft and reported as ft3/ft2 (cm3/cm2).
E 2396 to determine the maximum media density (MMD) in 7.9 Weight of Retained Water in a Green Roof System: For
lb/ft3 (kg/m3), and the maximum media water retention purposes of comparison between systems, the weight of the
(MMWR) of the granular material. Multiply the maximum retained water in a green roof system shall be determined as the
media density times the depth of the drainage media in feet sum of the following unit weights:
(metres). Record the unit weight in lb/ft2 (kg/m2). In some 7.9.1 Retained water in fabrics (see 7.2),
green roof systems granular media is in-filled on the upper 7.9.2 Retained water in absorptive drainage mats (see7.3),
surface of a geocomposite drain layer. In these instances, the 7.9.3 Retained water in the growth media layer (see 7.4),
effective depth of the drainage medium is the unit media 7.9.4 Retained water in the drainage media layer (see7.5),
retention volume in ft3/ft2 (cm3/cm2), as determined using Test and
Method E 2398, plus any supplemental thickness of drainage 7.9.5 Captured water (see 7.6).
media above the geocomposite drain layer. To determine the 7.10 The volume of retained water, reported in inches
weight of the retained water multiply the MMWR by the (centimetres), associated with a green roof system is the total
effective depth of the media layer in feet (metres) and by 0.624 weight of retained water, reported in lb/ft2 (kg/m2), divided by
(98.1). Record the unit weight in lb/ft2 (kg/m2). 62.4 (9,810), and multiplied by 12 (100).
7.6 Weight of Captured Water: For systems that incorporate
geocomposite drain layers with water capture, use Test Method 8. Report
E 2398 to determine the weight of captured water based on the
unit water retention volume. Multiply the unit water capture 8.1 Use the Report Format (ANNEX) to record the unit
volume, stated in ft3/ft2 (cm3/cm2), by 62.4 (98.1). Record this weights determined for each green roof component.
unit weight in lb/ft2 (kg/m2). For systems that incorporate a
granular retention layer, use Test Method C 29/C 29M to 9. Keywords
determine the porosity, reported in percent, of the drainage 9.1 dead load; green roof; live load; sustainability; water
media. Multiply the porosity times the depth of the drainage retention
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ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A
This is a special case of geocomposite drain layers
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