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SRVICS
Small-ore Connection (SC) Aement
StaticEquipment&Structures(Piping
Vibration&Fatigue)
for all machiner tpe and application
AcousticFatigueAssessmentfor
BlowdownSystems
AcousticInducedVibration(AIV)
Analysis
FiniteElementAnalysis(FEA)
FlowInducedTurbulence(FIT)
Analysis
FlowInducedVibration(FIV)
Analysis
MultiphaseandSlugFlowAnalysis
PipeStressAnalysis
Smallboreconnections,alsocalledbranchconnections,tothemainprocesspipingrepresentthemostcommonvibrationproblem
PipingVibrationandIntegrity
Assessment onrotatingandreciprocatingmachineryandassociatedprocesspiping.
Review&DesignSupportServices
Smallboreconnectiondesignassessmentandfieldvibrationtestingarestronglyrecommendedtoavoidpipingintegrityrisks.
SmallBoreConnections(SBC)
Assessment
StructuralVibrationandDynamic CONTENTS[hide]
DesignAnalysis
1 Background:SmallBoreConnectionsDefinition,RisksandConsequences
SubseaPipingVibration
2 ApproachandScope
VibrationInspectionProgram
2.1 Approach
WaterHammerAnalysis
2.2 Scope(DesignandFieldAnalysis)
MachineryAnalysis 3 WoodGroupAdvantages
RotatingEquipmentReliability 4 RelatedInformation
5 RelatedServices
NoiseManagement
6 KeyWords
FieldEngineering&Troubleshooting
AntiVibrationProducts
1 ACKGROUND: SMALL-OR CONNCTIONS; DFINITION, RISKS AND CONSQUNCS
http://www.betamachinery.com/services/smallboreconnectionssbcassessment 1/7
4/23/2017 SmallBoreConnections(SBC)Assessment|BETAMachineryAnalysis
Training
Fieldauditofsmallboreconnections CrackedvesselduetoSBC(blindflange)
Pipingvibrationandfatiguecanaccountforupto20%ofhydrocarbonreleasesandalargeportionofthoseareduetofailureof
smallboreconnectionsperEnergyInstitute,2008,Guidelinesfortheavoidanceofvibrationinducedfatiguefailure,(AVIFF).
Hydrocarbonemissionscanleadtofire,explosions,injuries,propertyandenvironmentaldamage,andpenalties.
Asmallboreconnection(SBC)isgenerallydefinedasabranchedconnectiononmainlinepipingthathasanominaldiameter2
(DN50)andsmaller,includingconnectionsthathaveabranchpipetomainlinepiperatiooflessthan10%,andexcluding
connectionsthathavearatioofgreaterthan25%(seeFigurebelow).Notethatmainlinepipingcouldalsodescribeequipment
likeavesselorcoolertowhichtheSBCisattached.
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4/23/2017 SmallBoreConnections(SBC)Assessment|BETAMachineryAnalysis
Smallborepiping(SBP)isdefinedasthepipingattachedtothesmallboreconnection,extendinguntiltheeffectofthemainline
pipingvibrationisnegligible(typically,thenearestsupportorbrace),asshownintheillustrationbelow.
TheSBPofmostconcernisthatwhichcontainsproductionfluidatoperatingpressure.Auxiliarylines,likepneumaticair,crankcase
vents,etc.,arenotascritical.BETAusesthetermSBCtorefertothisentireclassofpipingvibrationproblems,includingbranch
connections,blindflanges,PSVs,siteglasses,RTDconnections,drainlines/valves,etc.
SBCsarehighlysusceptibletoproblemsduetotheirgeometryandmass.Evenverylow
amplitude(andacceptable)vibrationonthemainprocesspipingcancausethebranch
connectionstovibrateexcessivelyandbreakduetofatiguefailure.Thisisduetothelocal
resonanceoftheSBC(seeourTRAINING VIDO, MODUL 1 forexamplesofresonance).
Atcertainfrequencies,basevibrationcanbeamplifiedby20to30times,causingbranch
connectionstofail.
Theconsequencesofavibrationinducedfailurecanbecatastrophic.Asmallcrackwill
releaseprocessfluidscausingsafetyrisks(explosion,fire,ortoxicchemicals),
environmentalrisktothenearbyarea,andproductiondowntime.Inrecentcases,SBC
Multichannelsystemsusedtoassess
failureshavebeenresponsiblefortheshutdownofapipelineandproductionfacilitiesfor
http://www.betamachinery.com/services/smallboreconnectionssbcassessment 3/7
4/23/2017 SmallBoreConnections(SBC)Assessment|BETAMachineryAnalysis
weeks.Giventheriskofthesepipingfailures,ownersmusttakeanactiveroleinavoiding SBCvibrationrisks
them.
SBCASSESSMENTACTIVITIES
FEED/Planning
ScreeningAssessmentofPipingSystem:Pulsations,FlowTurbulence,Acoustic
Definestheappropriatescope
Induced,Mechanicalexcitations,Surge,OtherTransientEvents
andrequirementsfordynamicdesign
DetailedDesign SBCAnalysis:QuantitativeApproach,IdentifyFatigueRisks,FiniteElement(if
SBCASSESSMENTACTIVITIES
ReviewandevaluateSBCdesigns required),RecommendModifications
Commissioning/Operations
SBCVibrationAssessment(Baseline):SteadyStateConditions,Transient
Onsitetesting,documentation,modifications(steady
Operations,ExtrapolateResultstoOtherOperatingConditions
stateandtransientflowevaluations)
Qualifieddynamicengineeringexpertsarerequiredtoperformthisworkbecause
itinvolvesstressanalysis,fatiguefailureanalysis,FEA,andotheradvanced
dynamicanalyses.
Warning:OnecommonmisconceptionisthataSBCassessmentissimilartoa
standardvibrationmonitoringprogramsuchasconditionbasedmonitoringor
routebasesvibrationcheck,whichisoftenperformedbyvibrationtechnicians.
Whilethisprogramisusefulformonitoringdegradationinbearings,itisnot FiniteElementAnalysis(FEA)isusedtocalculate
applicabletoSBCengineeringdesignandevaluation. stressandconfirmacceptance(orfailure)ofsmall
borepipingdesign
ThescopeoftheSBCassessmentwillvarybasedontheapplication(liquid,gas
ormultiphase),operatingfrequency,location,andprocessconditions.Thesevariableswillaffectthetypeofanalysisconductedat
site.
NEWPROJECTS(ORMODIFIEDSYSTEMS)INCLUDESDESIGNANDFIELDACTIVITIES
EXISTINGOPERATIONS
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4/23/2017 SmallBoreConnections(SBC)Assessment|BETAMachineryAnalysis
EXISTINGOPERATIONS
Tomitigatethisrisk,theowner(oritsEngineeringConsultant)mustspecifyaSBCvibrationstudy.
4 RLATD INFORMATION
SC SPCIFICATION (TO ORDR TH APPROPRIAT STUDY)
PRIMR - PIPING VIRATION INTGRITY (PDF)
TRAINING COURSS WoodGroupstrainingseminarsfeaturedemos,livetestingofSBC,andmitigationstrategies
GUIDLINS FOR TH AVOIDANC OF VIRATION INDUCD FATIGU FAILUR IN PROCSS PIPWORK (AVIFF)
DevelopedbytheEnergyInstitute.Askhowwehelpcustomersapplythisstandardduringthedesignandfieldoperations,and
canincorporateotherrecommendedapproaches.
IMPROVING QUIPMNT RLIAILITY - SMALL-OR ATTACHMNTS (PDF)
SMALL-OR PIPING FAILURS ON TH RIS,COMPRSSORTCH2, 2012 (PDF)
TRANSINT CONDITIONS ON SP DiscusseshowtransientoperatingconditionscanaffectvibrationonSBP
VIRATION RLATD FAILURS OF SMALL-OR ATTACHMNTS(PDF) TechnicalPaperonSBPdesignprinciples
INTGRITY VALUATION OF SMALL OR CONNCTIONS (RANCH CONNCTIONS) (PDF) EuropeanForumofReciprocating
Compressors(EFRC),2014
http://www.betamachinery.com/services/smallboreconnectionssbcassessment 6/7
4/23/2017 SmallBoreConnections(SBC)Assessment|BETAMachineryAnalysis
5 RLATD SRVICS
PIPING VIRATION AND INTGRITY ASSSSMNT
RCIPROCATING COMPRSSOR PULSATION AND MCHANICAL ANALYSIS
RCIPROCATING PUMP PULSATION AND MCHANICAL ANALYSIS
6 KY WORDS
Branchconnections
Smallboreconnections(SBC)
Smallborepiping
Smallborefailure
Smallborefatigue
Backtotop
MOR INFO
Webinar:Whatismyriskofsurge?DesignRequirementsforReciprocatingCompressorsMachineryCondition&
PerformanceMonitoringExamplesofPipingVibration(Video)EvaluatingCompressorOperatingRisksPipeSupport
Stiffness,GMRCProjectTransientConditionsonSmallBorePipingPipingVibrationDesignConsiderationsTipsfor
ManagingaSuccessfulVibrationProjectPipingVibrationExamplesSpecificationsAnIntegratedApproachtoManage
VibrationRisks
http://www.betamachinery.com/services/smallboreconnectionssbcassessment 7/7