The Peels of Banana, the ind of Dalandan and Calamansi as an

Alternative Shoe Polish

CHAPTER I

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The peels of Banana (Musa balbisiana), the rind of Dalandan (Citrus aurantium) and Calamansi
(Citrofortunella microcarpa) usually becomes waste and will eventually rot. However, the researchers
found a way that the peels and zest will not become a waste and it is to conduct an experiment using the
peels of banana, rind of dalandan and calamanasi as an alternative shoe polish.

Normal shoe polish contains petroleum which is flammable, so there is a posibility that it can
cause fire. The researchers will not include the petroleum as a material in making the shoe polish and also
the researchers will not include the stoddard solvent as it cause the bad odor. As a substitute to the
stoddard solvent the resachers will use the scent of the stated fruits.

The researchers will extract the rind of dalandan and calamansi by distilation or boiling it with
the help of the olive oil.The banana will be scraped. It will be used to shine and polish the black rubber
school shoes and the researchers will make an alternative material that it will not be contaminated or rot.

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Shoe polish now a days are made mostly by chemicals so the researchers thought of new
components as an alternative shoe polish.
The researchers will be using the peels of banana, rind of dalandan and calamansi as a new
component for the shoe polish. By using these ingredients to the shoe polish, the product of a successful
reproduction of the said item will be better because of the components that are used.

Moreover, this study will also be helpful for the environment. As the waste material of the peels
of banana, zest of dalandan and calamansi can be used as the components of a reproduced shoe polish,
that will help the community by saving money on buying store-bought shoe polish.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. Is it possible to create an alternative shoe polish out of the peels of banana and the rinds of
calamansi and dalandan?
2. How effective is the alternative shoe polish in terms of polishing shoes?
3. How long will the alternative shoe polish last?
4. Is there a significant difference in the level of effectiveness of the alternative shoe polish and
commercialized shoe polish?

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study are the shoe repair men as they daily encounter polishing the black leather
school shoes and some students who uses the black school shoes. This is only applicable on black rubber
school shoes.

1.5 HYPOTHESIS

If the dalandan and calamansi can be used then why not the the rind of dalandan and calamansi as
an alternative shoe polish.
If the rind of dalandan and calamansi and the peels of banana become a waste, then why not use it
to make an alternative shoe polish.

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Banana - a long curved fruit that grows in clusters and has soft pulpy flesh and yellow skin when ripe.

Calamansi - a small, round citrus fruit that is ubiquitous in the Philippines.

Carbon black - a fine carbon powder used as a pigment, made by burning hydrocarbons in insufficient air.

Dalandan - a citrus fruit that has an orange flesh and green skin and is native to the Philippines.

Distillation - a process that is used to separate a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids by evaporation and

condensation.
Ethylene Glycol - a poisonous, syrupy, colorless alcohol used as an antifreeze in heating and cooling

systems that use water.

Gum Arabic - a water-soluble gum obtained from several acacias (especially Acacia senegal) and used

especially in the manufacture of inks, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, and confections.

Lanolin - a fatty substance found naturally on sheep's wool. It is extracted as a yellowish viscous mixture

of esters and used as a base for ointments.

Naphtha - a flammable oil containing various hydrocarbons, obtained by the dry distillation of organic

substances such as coal, shale, or petroleum.

Petroleum - a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons that is present in certain rock strata and can be extracted and

refined to produce fuels including gasoline, kerosene, and diesel.

Resin - a sticky flammable organic substance, insoluble in water, exuded by some trees and other plants

(notably fir and pine).

Shoe polish - a waxy paste, cream, or liquid used to polish, shine, and waterproof leather shoes or boots

to extend the footwear's life, and restore, maintain and improve their appearance.

Stoddard solvent - a flammable, liquid chemical that smells like kerosene.

Turpentine - a volatile pungent oil distilled from gum turpentine or pine wood, used in mixing paints and

varnishes and in liniment.

Volatile solvents - are liquids that vaporize at room temperature. These organic solvents can be inhaled

for psychoactive effects and are present in many domestic and industrial products such as glue, aerosol,

paints, industrial solvents, lacquer thinners, gasoline, and cleaning fluids.

Wax - Any of various natural, oily or greasy heat-sensitive substances, consisting of hydrocarbons or

esters of fatty acids that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
1.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The peels of Banana,the rind of Dalandan and Calamansi

as an alternative shoe polish

peels of banana

rind of dalandan and

calamansi
scrape of banana

distilation of rind of
dalandan and calamansi
with the base of olive oil

mix
mix the
the scraped
scraped banana
banana
with
with the
the distilled
distilled
dalandan
dalandan and
and calamansi
calamansi

Add black dye

Leave it for one day