2017617 ShellForcesStressesForm

ShellForces/StressesForm
ImportantNote:Theinternalshellelementforcesareforcesperunitlengthactingalongthemidsurfaceoftheshell
element(areaobject).Theinternalshellelementstressesarestressesactingontheedges(notpositive3axisface
andnegative3axisface)oftheshellelement(areaobject).

Note:ClicktheApplybuttontoupdatetheactivewindowusingtheparametersspecifiedontheform.WhentheApply
buttonisused,theShellForces/StressesformwillremainopenuntiltheClosebuttonisclicked.Thisallowsanother
selectiontobemadeontheformtoreviewmultipledisplayswithoutusingthecommandtorecalltheform.TheOK
buttoncanbeusedtobothupdatetheactivewindowandclosetheformifonlyoneviewisneeded.

TheShellForces/Stressesformhasthefollowingoptions:

LoadCase,LoadCombination,ModalCaseoptions.Choosetheloadcasetobedisplayed.Notethatshell
elementforcesorstressescanbeplottedforanystaticloadcase,responsespectrumcase,timehistorycase,
staticnonlinearcase,orloadcombination.Fortimehistorycases,alsospecifyatimefordisplayoftheforces
orstresses.Forstaticnonlinearcases,alsospecifyastepfordisplayoftheforcesorstresses.

ComponentTypeoptions.Choosetodisplayshellelementinternalforcesorinternalstresses.Whenstresses
areselected,alsoselectthefaceoftheshellobjectvisible,top,orbottomforwhichstressesaretobe
displayed,orchoosethatthemaximum,minimumorabsolutemaximumstressvaluesaretobedisplayed.

Componentoptions.Specifythecomponentofforceorstresstobedisplayed.

Forshellelementinternalforces,thepossiblecomponentsareasfollows:

F11:Directforceperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelementonthepositiveandnegative1
facesinthe1axisdirection.

F22:Directforceperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelementonthepositiveandnegative2
facesinthe2axisdirection.

F12:Shearingforceperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelementonthepositiveandnegative
1facesinthe2axisdirection,andactingonthepositiveandnegative2facesinthe1axisdirection.

FMax:Maximumprincipalforceperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelement.Notethatby
definitionprincipalforcesareorientedsuchthattheassociatedshearingforceperunitlengthiszero.

FMin:Minimumprincipalforceperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelement.Notethatby
definitionprincipalforcesareorientedsuchthattheassociatedshearingforceperunitlengthiszero.
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2017617 ShellForcesStressesForm

FVM:VonMisesprincipalforceperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelement.

V13:Outofplaneshearperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelementonthepositiveand
negative1facesinthe3axisdirection.

V23:Outofplaneshearperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelementonthepositiveand
negative2facesinthe3axisdirection.

VMax:Maximumprincipalshearperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelement.Notethatby
definitionprincipalshearsareorientedonfacesoftheelementsuchthattheassociatedshearsperunit
lengthonperpendicularfacesarezero.

M11:Directmomentperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelementonthepositiveandnegative
1facesaboutthe2axis.

M22:Directmomentperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelementonthepositiveandnegative
2facesaboutthe1axis.

M12:Twistingmomentperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelementonthepositiveand
negative1facesaboutthe1axis,andactingonthepositiveandnegative2facesaboutthe2axis.

MMax:Maximumprincipalmomentperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelement.Notethatby
definitionprincipalmomentsareorientedsuchthattheassociatedtwistingmomentperunitlengthis
zero.

MMin:Minimumprincipalmomentperunitlengthactingatthemidsurfaceoftheelement.Notethatby
definitionprincipalmomentsareorientedsuchthattheassociatedtwistingmomentperunitlengthis
zero.

Forshellelementinternalstresses,thepossiblecomponentsareasfollows:

S11:Directstress(forceperunitarea)actingonthepositiveandnegative1facesinthe1axisdirection.

S22:Directstress(forceperunitarea)actingonthepositiveandnegative2facesinthe2axisdirection.

S12:Shearingstress(forceperunitarea)actingonthepositiveandnegative1facesinthe2axis
directionandactingonthepositiveandnegative2facesinthe1axisdirection.

SMax:Maximumprincipalstress(forceperunitarea).Notethatbydefinitionprincipalstressesare
orientedsuchthattheassociatedshearingstressiszero.

SMin:Minimumprincipalstress(forceperunitarea).Notethatbydefinitionprincipalstressesare
orientedsuchthattheassociatedshearingstressiszero.

SVM:VonMisesprincipalstress(forceperunitarea).

S13:Outofplaneshearingstress(forceperunitarea)actingonthepositiveandnegative1facesinthe
3axisdirection.

S23:Outofplaneshearingstress(forceperunitarea)actingonthepositiveandnegative2facesinthe
3axisdirection.

SMaxV:Maximumprincipalshearingstress(forceperunitarea).Notethatbydefinitionprincipalshearing
stressesareorientedonfacesoftheelementsuchthattheassociatedshearsperunitlengthon
perpendicularfacesarezero.

ContourAppearanceoptions.Usetheseoptionstochooseiftheforcesandstresseswilldisplayonan
UndeformedShape,aDeformedShape,oradisplayofanExtrudedContourbyselectinganoptionfromthe
dropdownlist.AlsousetheShowLines,ShowFill,ShowValues,andShowArrowscheckboxestospecify
howtheforcesandstresseswillbeillustrated.Theoptionsareassumedtobeselfexplanatory.

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ContourValuesTheshellelementinternalforcesandstressesaredisplayedonscreenascoloredcontours.
Specifyminimumandmaximumvalues:

Mineditbox:Anyelementwithaforceorstresslessthanthevaluespecifiedinthiseditboxis
displayedinthecolorassociatedwithMinintheContoursareaoftheAssignDisplayColorsform.
NotethatthecolorassociatedwithMinisthetopcolorintheform.

Maxeditbox:Anyelementwithaforceorstressgreaterthanorequaltothevaluespecifiedinthisedit
boxisdisplayedinthecolorassociatedwithMaxintheContoursareaoftheAssignDisplayColors
form.NotethatthecolorassociatedwithMaxisthebottomcolorintheform.

WiththeMinandtheMaxvaluesspecified,ETABSspacestheintermediaterangevaluesequally
betweenthespecifiedMinandMaxvalues.IftheMinandtheMaxvaluesarebothsettozero,ETABS
createsitsownrange.Inthatcase,ETABScreatesastressrangewithrounded(even)valuesthatthe
actualmaximumandminimumstressesfitwithin.NotethatsettingMinandMaxtozeroisthedefault.

ContourAveragingatNodes.Specifyifstressaveragingistobeusedwhendisplayingtheshell
elementforcesorstresses.ETABSoffersthefollowingoptions:

Nonenostressaveraging

ByObjectsstressaveragingatallobjects

BySelectedGroupsstressaveragingatspecificpointsselectedjustbeforeplottingtheshell
forcesorstressesclicktheGroupsbuttontoaccesstheSelectGroupsformandselectobjects
byGroupnames.

ExplanationofContourAveraging.ConsiderthefourshellelementslabeledA,B,CandDshownin
thesketchbelow.Thesefourshellelementsallhaveacommonpoint,labeled1,inthesketch.

Eachoftheshellelementshasanassociatedinternalforceorstressatjoint1.Typicallytheforcesor
stressesatcommonpointsinthevariousshellelementsaredifferent.Thefinerthemesh,thecloser
thevaluesbecome.

Iftheforceorstresscontoursareplottedwithnostressaveragingatthecommonpoints,typicallythe
changesinforceorstressfromelementtoelementwillbeabrupt.Stressaveragingtendstoeliminate
theabruptchangesintheplotandsmoothsthecontours.

ETABSaveragesthestressesatapointbyaveragingthestressesfromallshellelementsthatboth
connecttothepointandarevisibleintheactivewindow.ThenwhenETABSplotsthestressfora
particularshellelement,itplotsthataveragestressatthepointconsideredinsteadoftheactualstress
calculatedforthatshellelementatthepoint.

Donotoverlooktheimplicationsoftheunderlinedportionofthepreviousparagraph.Forexample,
assumetheactivewindowisdisplayingstressesinalocationwhereawallintersectsafloor.Further
assumethatthedisplayshowsaveragedstressesinthefloor.Iftheaveragedstressesinthefloorare
displayedina2Dplanviewofthefloor,onlytheshellelementsthatareinthefloor,andthusvisiblein
thewindow,areincludedinthestressaveraging.

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2017617 ShellForcesStressesForm

Ifthesameaveragedstressesaredisplayedina3Dview,whereboththewallandthefloorarevisible,
theshellelementsfromboththefloorandthewallareincludedinthestressaveraging.Thusthe
averagedstressesinthefloorattheintersectionofthefloorandthewallwillappeardifferentlyina2D
planviewversusa3Dview.

Scalingoptions.ThescalingoptionswillbeavailableonlyifDisplayonDeformedShapeorDisplayExtruded
ContourshasbeenselectedfortheContourOption.Whenavailable,thescalefactorcanbeusedto
exaggeratethedisplacements/extrusionsrelativetothegeometryofthestructure.ChooseAutomaticscalingor
specifyaUserScaleFactortoscalethedeformedshapeortheextrudedresults.

MiscellaneousNotesaboutShellElementForcesandStressesNotethatshellelementstresses(notforces)
actuallyhavedifferentvaluesatthetopandbottomoftheshellelements(areaobjects).Thus,dependingonwhich
sideoftheobjectisdisplayed,differentstressesmaybeshown.Twodimensionalviewsalwaysdisplayareaobjects
fromthesameside.Todisplaystressesontheothersideoftheareaobject,viewthemina3Dview.

Finally,whenshellelementforcesandstressesareplottedformultivaluedloadcombinations,ETABSdisplaysthe
maximumorminimumvaluethathasthelargestabsolutevalue.

AccesstheShellForces/Stressesformasfollows:

1.Runananalysis.

2.ClicktheDisplaymenu>Force/StressDiagrams>ShellStresses/Forcescommand.

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