Additional Cockpit Training

RNP RNAV Courses

(Required Navigation Performance/Area Navigation)

Course Description

RNAV area navigation increasingly dominates the method of navigation.

We still have to cope with different regulations in different parts of the world.
Technical, legislative, and procedural developments during the last years have had different speeds throughout the world,
throughout the system manufacturers, throughout the airlines, and even throughout the aviation authorities.
The course intends to give an overview concerning RNAV, which are generally valid - irrespective of the ICAO regions.
B-RNAV (basic area navigation) is what all aircraft nowadays are certified for at a minimum and what all crews are normally
permitted to execute without any special training
As in all other areas of the aviation industry, safe and efficient flight operation depends on three main items:
- Technical and procedural design by aviation authorities (lets call it ground systems);
- Technical system capability and procedural design on board (lets call it airborne system); and
- Training of involved staff.

List of Aircraft Types: Airbus | A310/A300-600 | A320 | A330 | A340 | A380 || Boeing | 737 300-900 | 747 400/-8 |
757/767 | 777 | MD11 || Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 | CRJ 200 | CRJ 700/900

Course Goal
The aim of the respective training is to fulfill the respective training requirements of Regulation Air Operations.

Structure and Duration

Self-study WBT/CBT *) One FFS-Session 4.00 hours

*) if WBT/CBT is not available for a specific type, theoretical training is performed during classroom lectures

Self-study / WBT Classroom Practical training on FPT Practical training on FFS T Theoretical test T Practical test

Last Update: 05.01.2017 / Lufthansa Aviation Training / Revisionsnr. 6 1/2

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Training Topics
Theoretical Training & Checking
Theoretical training is performed using a state-of-the-art CBT program.
The CBT program has been developed by Lufthansa Aviation Training and covers the theoretical basics of area navigation.

B-RNAV (Basic area Navigation):

Track keeping accuracy +/- 5NM for at least 95% of the flight time
Inputs from VOR/DME, DME/DME or GNSS and/or INS
B-RNAV used en-route and for connection to terminal areas
B-RNAV limited to RNAV procedures above MSA, designed according to en-route principles

P-RNAV (Precision RNAV):

Track keeping accuracy +/- 1NM for at least 95% of the flight time
Inputs from VOR/DME, DME/DME or GNSS and/or INS (for a limited time)
P-RNAV used for navigation in terminal areas (obstacle clearance granted, when P-RNAV requirements are met) for:
- Arrivals, departures; and
- Approaches up to the FAWP (final approach waypoint).

RNP-RNAV (Required Navigation Performance for Area Navigation):

Final step for a global area navigation
Functionality and integrity for all phases of flight, including approaches
Track keeping accuracy to prescribed RNP values
Typical RNP values
- RNP 0.3NM
- RNP 0.1NM
Several aviation authorities started to publish RNAV approaches overlaying conventional non-precision approaches.
These approaches must not be mixed up with (stand-alone) RNP-approaches.
They simply enable crews to let the RNAV-system navigate the aircraft also during the approach, with conventional navigation additionally
available to constantly monitor the approach progress.
Overlay approaches:
- Any RNAV system meeting minimum requirements
- Overlaying a conventional approach
- Conventional navigation permanently available
RNAV (GPS) approaches:
- Precision RNAV required
- GPS required to achieve this specific NAV performance
- Stand alone approach (no reference to ground navigational aids)
The following table gives a final overview to this complex topic and indicates when additional training is required:

Phase of Flight Minimum RNAV Operation below MSA Reqired NAV Special Training
System approved? Performance required?
EN-ROUTE B-RNAV NO 5,0 NM NO
TERMINAL AREA P-RNAV YES 1,0 NM YES *)
FINAL APPROACH RNP-RNAV YES 0,3 NM YES *)
*) Note: Lufthansa Aviation Trainings instructors are competent to deliver respective special training.

Practical Training & Checking

The practical training is performed during one four-hour FFS mission.
Every pilot performs four RNAV approaches as PF and four RNAV approaches as PM.
Approaches are performed with and without system malfunctions.
RNAV competence is not addressed during a type rating skill test.
Consequently, there is no requirement to perform RNAV approaches during a skill test.

Last Update: 05.01.2017 / Lufthansa Aviation Training / Revisionsnr. 6

Lufthansa Aviation Training Germany GmbH
Airportring, Tor 24, 60549 Frankfurt, E-mail: customersupport@lat.dlh.de
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