P5 Presentation

4.07. 2013

Karel van der Kaaij

4040694

Vertical Cities Asia

Technical University of Delft
 THE KOREAN
URBAN BLOCK
 a proposal to re-define the
urban block as a sustainable
framework that can adapt to
the changes in Seoul
 Thesis Project Introduction
Semester 1 (groupwork) Semester 2
Vertical Cities Asia Competition Individual Thesis
Participating Universities

National University of Chinese University

Singapore (host) of Hong Kong

Tongji University Tsinghua University

University of Tokyo Technical University

of Delft

ETH Zurich University of

California Berkeley

University of University of
Michigan Pennsylvania
 Vertical Cities Asia Competition Brief
Objective: To design a Master Plan for 100,000 people
to live and work 50% residential program

Location: Seoul, South Korea

Site Area: 1.2 km2 Railyard Yongsan District

Theme: "Everyone Ages"

 Studio Structure

4 Research Teams:

6 Weeks Research
4 Weeks Analysis

2 Proposals

10 Weeks Design
3 Weeks Production

1 Winning Master Plan

The Open Ended City
New York City
 It is estimated that a further
500 million people will be
urbanised in the next five
years and projections indicate
that 60% of the worlds
population will be
urbanized by 2030

9.0 billion

8.0 billion
7.3 billion
7.0 billion

6.0 billion

5.0 billion
Population 4.0 billion

3.0 billion

2.0 billion

1.0 billion

0.0 billion

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

2012
Rural Urban Total

Urban Rural Population Shift

Shanghai Skyline
Singapore Density
Hong Kong High Rise
 Growth of Seoul

1930 0.7 million 1960 2.4 million

0.3 MILLION 1920 0.7 MILLION 1930 2.4 MILLION 1960

1920 0.3 million

1980 7.2 million 2010 10.5 million

7.2 MILLION 1970 8 . 3 MILLION 1990 10.5 MILLION 2010

1990 8.3 million

Population
View of Seoul 1949 Radical Transformation

View of Seoul 2001

Seoul's Identity?
Seoul
Seoul Rapid Urbanization
Rapid Urbanization
 Observation

Seoul Urban Housing

 Observation

Seoul Urban Housing

Transformation of Urban Form
 Research Question

How does the evolution of Urban housing

impact the identity of the city?
 Urban Housing Evolution

pre-urbanization 1970's 1990's 2010's

single family homes government funded residential towers midrise grid

no building regulations apartment building private, luxury comprimise typology

evolution coincides with populaiton growth

and results increasing density over time
urban patchwork
urban patchwork
 Neighboorhoods being destroyed

CAFE/RESTAURANT

EDUCATION
GARAGE

Low dense
Unorganized Mixed-Use
No heirarchy of Sense of community
streets or publice
vs private space
 Replaced by

affordable apartments luxury tower grid layout

Current urban forms not sustainable

affordable housing
tower developments
korean grid
 Transformations in Competition Site

3 areas within our site location that were demloshied and replaced by
residential towers in the past decade
Page 17
 My Site Location
Organic community
 Site Orientation

Main Elements
Station
Water
electronic market
railyard
 YONGSAN STATION

DEMOLISHED RAILYARD
Short Story of Seoul: empirical Seoul

Rambling into a Downtown City Block.

Unorganized ..
Community
index map
Site Research
 Site Evalution

1. Density + FAR

2. Program

3. Public Space
 Site Evolution

1990
2005
OEC Plan
 FAR Comparison

Sample Area 40,000 m2 Sample Area 40,000 m2 Sample Area 40,000 m2

Footprint 19,000 m2 Footprint 4,000 m2 Footprint 26,000 m2

47,5% Coverage 10% Coverage 65,5% Coverage

Number of Floors 3 Number of Floors 25 Number of Floors 4

FAR 1.5 FAR 2.5 FAR 3.6

 Research Conclusion 1: Density

Density alone cannot define urban form

 Program within OEC Plan is
determined from a too large scale
The rules for each community will guide the
elements on the site to be 4,1% growth of the area and result in different possible It was important that the openness
39.000 m2
2,1% 20.000 m2 within the block structure.
variations
4%
38.000 m2
ngSan to the surroundings that would allow inhabitants to have
15,8% 150.500 m2 more space to do outdoor activites a

The gradual increase in open gree

20% 190.500 m2 the park was faciliated by gradu
uced according to the needs the alotted plot coverage for the

4% 38.000 m2
pedestrian friendly streets and poc
informal activities to happen.
Situating Communities Organic Community
The site was suitable for the placement of 4 communities
The built environment and the lands
on it, each with a walkable radius of 400m, a 5 minutes Byimportant,
taking the existing fabric as da
50% the urban block slowly
walk from the center to the perimeter of each community. and
476.000 m2 the intensifying
point where and
theredensifying it, w
are free stand
maintain the cosy and open atmos
park.
Each community will accommodate 50 000 people, present, and allow for more people to
FAR: 3.1
encompassing an area of 500 000 sqm, with a F.A.R of 5. site area: 307.000 m2
Variation 2 Variation 3 program: 952.000 m2
As such, we maintained the existing
Connection to its immediate context and added several larger roads to
 On plot scale: Monofunctional
Towers on Isolated Plots

footprint 900 625 625 500 400 900 300 400 400 400 400
floor area per bldg 36000 25000 14750 15000 12000 22400 7500 8000 8000 8000 8000
floor area per type 72000 50000 37500 30000 12000 90000 52000 32000 8000 88000 8000

footprint 30 x 30 30 x 30 30 x 30 25 x 20 20 x 20 25 x 35 30 x 15 20 x 20 20 x 20 20 x 20 20 x 20

height 150 150 120 120 120 100 100 80 80 80 80

floors 40 40 30 30 30 25 25 20 20 20 20

units per floor 4-6 4-6 4-6 4 4 5 2-6 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4

urban
inhabitants
block
320 - 840 320 - 840 240 - 630 240 - 480 240 - 490 250 - 500 150 - 300 120 - 320 120 - 320 120 - 320 120 - 320
tower in park
block cov. 90% block cov. 70% block cov. 50% block cov. 10%
green
# of Bldgs 2 cov. 2 0% 2 2green 1 cov. 4 10% 7 4 1 11
green 1
cov. 30% green cov. 90%
inhabitants min 800 640 480 480 240 1000 1050 480 120 1320 120

inhabitants max 1680 1680 1260 960 490 2000 2100 1280 320 3520 320
 Scattered Program
Community / scattered functions

Community / current situation

Hospital

Leisure

Food

Culture Religion

public Work
space

House

Education

Media
access Transportation

+ = CO 2
 Scattered Program
Community / scattered functions

Community / current situation

Hospital

Leisure

Food

Culture Religion

public Work
space

House

Education

Media
access Transportation

+ = CO 2
 Research conclusion 2: Program

Program does not relate to the scale on which it performs

 Open Space in Seoul

31.9%
19,420 ha

Green Space
 Green Space in Seoul

Suraksan 637m

Buramsan 507m
Buramsan

source:
http://blog.sustainablecities.net/2011/07/13/how-many-metres-of-green-space-does-your-city-have/
http://blog.sustainablecities.net/20
lecities.net
lec es.net/20
/2011/
/2011/07/
11/07/
07/13/
07/13/how-ma
07/ 13/how-ma
13/ -many-met
-many-metres-of-green
-ma metres
metres-of-green
res een-space
een ace-do
ace-do
-does-
es-you
es-your-c
you r-city-have/
r-city
ity-ha
ity-have/
-have/

without
with mountains
with mountains

18.6 m2 green p.p.

5.6 m2 p.p without mountains

5.63 m2 p.p.
mountains 5.6 m2 p.p
Short Story of Seoul: empirical Seoul

Public Space
Hyper-Density is a Hallmark of Seoul.
Tokyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,090
Peking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,602 HYPER-DENSITY
Mexico City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,643
Berlin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,792
Zurich. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,940
Seoul. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?

17,046 / Km 2

Hyper-Density results in very little open space.

 Streets

The crisis of streets

Ac engi n.
as hesio
ce

e
Co

envir urba tscap

ss ne fo
to
pu r So

and stree

nt
on n
blic cia

me
sp l

Safe
ac
e
Number of pedestrians who died from traffic accidents per 100,000 people (estimation of 2007): Residential Lifetime Strong Community
typologies for Neighborhoods functions at the city
everyone ages scale

Lo the
asing

at e
ca ne
scal

l Fu ighb
ph

nc
tio orho
and

ns
gy
ate

od
Str
pedestrian deaths in Korea
occurred in narrow side streets
with a width of 13 meters or less.

4,61 2.86 2,11 2,01 1,9

Source: OECD 2007 South Korea Hungary Greece Japan
Portugal

1st
Child death by traffic accidents per 100,000 people (estimation of 2007):

13,6 9,2 8,7 7,5

Mexico USA South Korea Poland

Source: NSO 2007

3d

streets as collective space pedestrian deaths

Choatic and unsafe streetscape

 Parking space in Seoul

Chaotic parking fills the streets

 Collective space
Housing / colective space in modern residential
Collective space in modern
residential complexes.

The public space in many cases is

a resulting space in between the
buildings.

Public space is resulting space between buildings

Research Conclusion 3: Collective space

Public space is not or inefficiently organized

 Design Question?

How to re-frame urban form [the inextricable

relationship between: DENSITY, PROGRAM &
PUBLIC SPACE, ] and stimulate social interac-
tion and re-establish sense of community?
 Concept Explanation

Culture

Health

Municipal
Hotel

Culture
Retail
Residential Food & Beverage
Education

Office

Program Integration Urban Form

Program Integration Related to Scale

Culture

Health

Municipal
Hotel

Culture
Retail
Residential Food & Beverage
+ +CO 2 CO 2
Education
+ +
Office

?
?
compact center core
is the foundation for establishing
pedestiran neighborhoods, eliminating
automobile dependancy

50m 100m 150m 200m

 PROGRAM MAP

mixed-use program around local business

office

a center core will increase efficiency municipal

health
and establish a orientation food & beverage
retail
and identity for the community culture
education
hotel
residential
parking
 PROGRAM MAP

social program around

local business
office

center courtyard to create a vibrant municipal

health

stimulate
collectivespace to food & beverage
retail

social interaction culture

education
hotel
residential
parking

retail

cafe

performance

restaurant

bar
exhibition

center core
 PROGRAM MAP

local program placed local business

office

just outside of the center core which municipal

health
keeps the neighborhood compact and food & beverage

all local program is within walking retail

culture

distance bookstore education

hotel
residential
parking

fitness center

pharmacy

cinema

galleries
local scale
 PROGRAM MAP

community program local business

office

is located on the outer part of the first ring. municipal

health
primarily functions that also function on a
district scale near the outer
supermarket food & beverage
retail

residential blocks
culture
education
hotel
retail residential
parking

local business

residential

doctors office

high school

district scale
 PROGRAM MAP

urban program local business

office

is program that functions on a city scale municipal

health
ad is located closer to the main office food & beverage

transportation networks of the city retail

culture
education
hotel
residential
parking

railway park

residential

parking

museum
medical research
center
urban scale
yongsan station
 affordable luxury

30 - 45 m2 Exhibition

Performance

45 - 60 m2
Retail
Social
ground floor to level 3
60 - 80 m2 Shops +0.00, to +10.80m

80 - 100 m2
Cafe's/ Restaurants
100 - 135 m2

Residential
towers
level 5 to 26 135 - 150 m2 Permanent
+21.60 to + 107.40

150 m2 +

Incubator
Office
level 3 & 4
+1080, to +21.60m

circulation
Flexible workspace

16,400m2 16,800m2
 Parking proposal

Frees up the entire ground floor

under buildings as well as in the streets
Lift residential and put parking under-
ground to free ground floor
for mixed use progam.
 Office ring defines the urban
block and creates a frame for the
program underneath.
establish a new urban form.
To create density new
residential is added.
 Slender towers provide a great vantage point of the city

Spaced through the urban fabric, they are recognizable and

return a sense of identity to its resident.
Ground Floor
Access to public sqaure

ENTRANCE PUBLIC SQUARE

Parking and Spacial Provocation Elements / Scale

ENTRANCE PARKING GARAGE + SPATIAL PROVOCETIVE ELEMENTS

emerge into the public square from parking

 STREET COURTYARD

ground floor program

SHOP SINGLE OFFICE

expandable into
collective space
SHOP DOUBLE WELLNESS

street public square

EXHIBITION SWIMMINGPOO

street public square

CAFE/RESTAURANT DWELLING

section

PERFORMANCE OPEN MARKET

program -
 Visual connection to the public square

extends the impact

of the public space
beyond the block

COMPACT SERVICE SPACES + VISUAL CONNECTION BLOCK INTERIOR

Stacked Service and Circulation

 facade concept

program can
determine accesibility
from sqaure

completely open partially open

folded panels stack

in front of service and
circulation cores

service core service core

completely transformable facade.

 facade concept

glass in front of
aluminum profile recessed profile
maximize transparency for sliding mechanism
minimizing frame

seamless transition
from inside to outside

sliding pivot door that opens to public sqaure

Office construciton
above is
independant from
ground floor
Office
 office and tower entrances

ENTRANCE CORES TO OFFICES AND RESIDENTIAL TOWERS

direct entrance from street to offices

ACCESSIBILITY OFFICES + RELAITON VOID
flexible office grid
1500x1500 grid

standardized
4,5 and 3m office
configurations

circulation ring
 typical layout

Incubator
permanent
offices flex offices

start-up 1
company 1
start-up 2
company 2
start-up 3
private
meetings shared
rooms meeting
rooms
 project based expansion

project collaboration Incubator

with Busan Office
permanent
offices flex offices

start-up 1
company 1
start-up 2
company 2
company
expansion start-up 3
private
meetings shared
rooms meeting
rooms

company 1 expands into incubator

 during slower times less office space is needed

Incubator
permanent
offices flex offices

start-up 1
company 1
start-up 2
company 2
start-up 3
private
meetings new start-up
shared
rooms meeting
rooms
more flex space

company 1 has a restructuring period

 Flexibility in section

Permanent
Offices Incubator
residential towers
 Apartment Profiling.

name: gradnparents
ages: 62, 61, 32, 31 name: wallace family
unit: 2 bedroom with ages: 42, 39, 12, 10
office/ kids bedroom mlitary family stationed at
young couple expecting US military base
children and elderly affordable 3 bedroom
parents live with them tower 1
tower 1

cup of coffee
at the cafe and
then some
shopping
walk in the park

walk to the office

off to the airport

through the garage

name: kevin jung

ages: 28 name: kimmy a
junior executive in YBD age: 24
unit: luxury penthouse graduate student
owned by company unit luxury studio
tower 1 tower 2
 Flexible Floorplan
affordable luxury

studio 30--45 m2 studio 50-75 m2

1 bedroom 45-60 m2 1 bedroom 75-90 m2

mixed mixed 2 bedroom 60-80 m2 2 bedroom 90-135 m2

3 bedroom 80-100 m2 3 bedroom 135-150 m2

4 bedroom 100- 125 m2 suite 150-175 m2

suite 125+ m2 penthouse 175+ m2

luxury
affordable

affordable typical affordable typical

mixed mixed luxury

mixed
Typical Floorplan
 Structural Freedom

solar optimization Precast slabs w/core

and columns
 Adaptability

corner room works as flex

space to adapt to the users needs
Typical Layouts

ENTRANCE PARKING GARAGE + SPATIAL PROVOCETIVE ELEMENTS

 Faade requirements
Decentralized System

Modular

Passive & Mechanical

Climate Control

Uniform Aesthetic

Flexible: Match Floorplan

Flexible: Sustainable Over Time

Update with Technology
 Reference Projects
Low2No: REX Capricorn: Gatermann-Schossig

m
1,5

Smartbox: Cepezed E2 Facade: Schco

Decentralized Climate Control

Smartbox System
 Compact Solution

Powder-Coated smooths
transition between panels
1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m 1.5m
Reduced Floor
Heights
=
Reduced Facade
$$
Closed Aluminum Panels
in front of core to reduce
Glazing and increase energy
efficiency.
Easy Maintenance
Highly Accessible
1.5m grid is used in a modular
system to ensure
sustainablity and flexibility
over time so that the buuilding
can be update with new
technologies as theyv develop

Modular + Decentralized
 Passive Climate Control:

Natural Ventilation

Operable Windows

Photovoltaics
Solar Frit

Solar Frit

Sun Shading Blinds

 Mechanical Climate Control:

Fans have directional flows

Winter for different air types

Smartbox Fresh Air Supply

two Fans, in and out,
and heat exchanger
Summer
Waste Air
Coanda Effect

Air Supply Warm Waste Air Downward to

cool facade

Fresh Warm Air

 Flexible Floorplan
core behind close panels

Fold-out Elevation Tower 2 gradient of colored panels

core is locate in the north to blend open glazing with
corner of the tower. closed panels
 Future Flexible of Program

Residential Office
The Korean Urban Block
Karel van der Kaaij
Happy 4th of July!!