UDC 624(083.

75) SABS 1200 MA996

ICS 93;01.120 First revlslon

SOUTH AFRICAN BUREAU OF STANDARDS

STANDARDIZED SPECIFICATION

for

CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

M :ROADS (GENERAL)

Approved by the Obtainable from the

President of the South African

South African Bureau of Standards
Bureau of Standards Private Bag X191
on 24 June 1996 Pretoria
Republic of South Africa
0001

Telegrams : Comparator, Pretoria

Telex : 321308SA
Fax (012) 344-1568

Published and printed in the Republic of South Africa by the

South African Bureau of Standards

ISBN 0-626-10583-8 Gr 12
~~~-

STANDARDIZED SPECIFICATION SABS 1200 MA996

~~ ~

Civil Engineering Construction M: Roads (general)-

1 Scope
This specification covers definitions, materials, tolerances and testing applicable to the construction of the controlled
layers and surfacing of urban and industrial roads.
NOTE - The publications referred to in the specification are listed in appendix A.

2 Interpretation
2.1 Supporting specifications
2.1.1 This specification is requiredfor any project for which any of the following specifications form part of the contract
document:
a) SABS 1200 DM;
b) SABS 1200 ME;
c) SABS 1200 MFH') or SABS 1200 MFL or both, as applicable; and
d) SABS 1200 MG or SABS 1200 MH or both, as applicable.
2.1.2 In addition to the applicable of the specifications referred to in 2.1.1, the following specifications shall form part
of the contract document:
a) project specification;
b) SABS 1200 A or SABS 1200 AA, as applicable; and
c) SABS 1200 D.
SABS 1200 C may form part of the contract document.
2.2 Definitions2)
For the purposes of this specification the definitions and abbreviations set out in the applicable of the specifications
listed in 2.1 and the following definitions apply (See drawings M.l to M.5):
2.2.1 Acceptance control: Control testing and the assessment of the results of tests done (by the Engineer or
by an approved laboratory) to determine whether or not the quality of the material produced or the work done complies
with the requirements of the relevant specifications.
2.2.2 Aggregate: Material formed by the natural disintegration of rock, or produced by the mechanical crushing
or milling of rock.
2.2.3 Base (basecourse): A layer of specified material of designed thickness (see SABS 1200 MFH') and
SABS 1200 MFL) that is placed immediately below the bituminous, asphalt or concrete surface.
2.2.4 Breakline: The line of intersection of the surface of a cut or fill slope and that of the shoulder, verge or
natural ground surface.
2.2.5 Breakpoint: Any point on the breakline.
2.2.6 Camber: The convexity given to the curved cross-section of a roadway or footway.
2.2.7 Carriageway: See Roadway.
2.2.8 Channel: Any made-up profile in the road reserve, constructed to collect and convey run-off water.
2.2.9 Coarse aggregate: Aggregate of particle size such that it is retained on a sieve of nominal aperture size
4,75mrn.
2.2.10 Commercial source: A quarry operated by others for commercial purposes,
2.2.11 Controlled layer: The selected layer, the subbase or the base.
2.2.12 Crossfall: The difference in level (measured transversely) between two specified points on a surface.
(Crossfall is usually expressed as a ratio of one vertical linear unit to a specified number of horizontal linear units.)
2.2.13 Cross slope: The slope of the natural ground surface in the transverse direction within the road reserve.
2.2.14 Crown: The highest portion or vertex of the cross-section of a cambered roadway or footpath or sidewalk.
2.2.15 Cut: An excavation or the material excavated.

1) In course of preparation.
2) For road usage and traffic control terms, see section M of S A W 0120-3.

1
SABS 1200 M:l996
Roads (general)
2.2.1 6 Drain:
a) A pipe, a closed void or a closed structure manufactured or constructed for the conveyance of water.
b) See channel.
2.2.17 Earthworks: All operations involved in loosening, removing, depositing or compacting earth, soil or rock.
2.2.18 Edglng: A strip constructed adjacent to and finished below or flush with a roadway surface and intended
to give lateral support to the pavement.
2.2.19 Fill:
a) Imported material that is placed above the roadbed (see drawing M.2) and on which the selected layer, subbase,
base, shoulders and, in the case of a dual carriageway, the median are or might be constructed.
b) Material that is imported to replace unsuitable material excavated from the roadbed.
2.2.20 Fine aggregate: The portion of material that passes a sieve of nominal aperture size 4,75 mm.
2.2.21 Footpath: A strip constructed for the use of pedestrians. Usually set off or away from the roadway. (The
terms footway and walkway are also used.)
2.2.22 Footway: A strip constructed for the use of pedestrians. (The terms sidewalk, footpath and walkway are
also used.)
2.2.23 Formatlon level; subgrade level: The finished level of the selected layer.
2.2.24 Formation width: The width of the top of the selected layer, excluding any topsoil blinding layers.
2.2.25 Furrow: Any unlined excavation formed or shaped to collect and convey water.
2.2.26 Grade; grade level: The level of the top of a subgrade onto which any subbase or base is to be constructed
direct.
2.2.27 Gradlng modulus (GM): The cumulative fractions of material retained on sieves of nominal aperture size
2,O mm, 0,425 mm and 0,075 mm.
2.2.28 Gravel wearing course: The final course of an unsurfaced roadway.
2.2.29 Ground level: The reduced level of any particular point on the surface of an area undisturbed by or prior
to any specific construction operation.
2.2.30 Lot: A portion of work or a quantity of material produced that is assessed as a unit for the purpose of
acceptance control and that is selected to represent, as far as possible, material or work produced under conditions
which did not vary significantly during the process of production. (A typical lot could be a days work.)
2.2.31 Mechanical modification: The operation of mixing two or more materials from different borrow sources in
specified or ordered proportions, to obtain a material with specified properties.
2.2.32 Mitre draln (channel) or bank: A drain (channel) or a bank constructed at an angle to the centreline of a
road, to divert water from a side drain (channel) or from the road reserve.
2.2.33 Natural fines: An in-situfine material nominally passing a 4,75mm sieve that complies with certain specified
requirements for PI and LL.
2.2.34 Natural gravel: An in-situ material that complies with certain specified requirements for aggregate grading,
PI and CBR. (See 3.3.1 of SABS 1200 MFL.)
2.2.35 Overburden: Material within a borrow pit area, that is unsuitable or that is not required for any construction
purposes but has to be removed to permit access to the required material.
2.2.36 Pavement: The layers of material above the subgrade that support the roadway. (These layers usually
consist of subbase, base and surfacing.)
2.2.37 Process control: Control testing and assessment of the test results by the Contractor on a continuous basis
during construction, in order to determine whether the construction process and the material used will produce a
construction of a quality that compties with the requirements of the relevant specification.
2.2.38 Proof density: The density achieved after the application of a specified method of compaction.
2.2.39 Random sample: The sampling positions or portions that represent the material of a lot and that are so
determined that every position or portion in a lot has an equal chance of being selected for sampling.
2.2.40 Relative compaction: The ratio of dry field density to a laboratory defined maximum dry density.
2.2.41 Roadbed: The surface of the in-situ material that forms the floor on which the subgrade is constructed and
that lies within the road prism between two planes that contain the outer shoulder breakpoints and slope downwards
and outwards, as shown on drawing M.2.
2.2.42 Road prism: The area of construction between the outer lines of the slopes of cuttings, fills, and side
channels or toe channels (as applicable) up to formation level and including all structures and other features necessary
for proper drainage and protection, but excluding the subbase, base and surfacing.

2
 SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)

2.2.43 Road reserve: That portion of land between defined boundaries, including, when relevant, roadways,
sidewalks, footpaths, verges and traffic islands, that is reserved for a public thoroughfare and other public facilities.
2.2.44 Roadway (Carriageway): A portion of the road reserve that is constructed between channels, kerbs, edging
or shoulders, as applicable, and that is intended for use by vehicular traffic.
NOTE - The term roadway includes any road, street, lane, crescent, cul de sac, close, place, court, square, way,
grove, terrace, avenue, loop, circle, boulevard, arterial, drive, motorway, freeway, bypass, ring road, highway or
collector. (See drawings M.1, M.4, and M.5.)
2.2.45 Sand (cohesionless and non-cohesive): For the purposes of the compaction requirements, a non-plastic
material of which not less than 95 % (by mass) passes a sieve of nominal aperture size 4,75 mm, and not more than
10 % (by mass) passes a sieve of nominal aperture size 0,075 mm.
2.2.46 Selected layer: The top layer of the subgrade that consists of selected material of specified thickness.
2.2.47 Shoulder: The portion of a roadway adjacent to the travelled way that is intended for the emergency use
of vehicles.
2.2.48 Side drain (channel): A longitudinal drain (channel) parallel to a carriageway, between the shoulder and
an adjacent excavation slope or natural ground.
2.2.49 Sidewalk: A strip constructed for the use of pedestrians, usually immediately adjacent to the roadway. (The
terms footway, walkway and pavement are sometimes used.)
2.2.50 Slightly plastic (SP): Descriptive of a material that has a PI not exceeding 3.
2.2.51 Subbase: A layer of specified material of designed thickness, that is placed between the subgrade and the
base.
2.2.52 Subgrade: The completed earthworks within a road prism before the construction of any subbase, base and
surfacing.
2.2.53 Subgrade level: See Formation level.
2.2.54 Surfacing: The layer or layers of processed material constructed upon the completed base. (Surfacing is
sometimes referred to as "wearing course".)
2.2.55 Topsoil: The surface layer of soil that has a humus content such that the soil is usually capable of
supporting vegetation.
2.2.56 Travelled way: The portion of a roadway intended for the normal passage of vehicles.
2.2.57 Type: The quality classification for pavement layer materials, determined from the material properties such
as G3 or C3, etc.
2.2.58 Verge: The portion of a road reserve between the roadway or, where applicable, the outside edge of a
footway, and the adjacent boundary.
2.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this specification, the abbreviations set out in the applicable specifications listed in 2.1 and the
following abbreviations apply:
2.3.1 DOT: Department of Transport
2.3.2 DRTT : Division of Roads and Transport Technology
2.3.3 GM : Grading modulus (see definition in 2.2)
2.3.4 SP : Slightly plastic (see definition in 2.2)
2.3.5 TMH : Technical methods for highways3)
2.3.6 TRH : Technical recommendations for highways3)
2.3.7 UCS : Unconfined compressive strength

3 Materials
3.1 Quality
The quality and the physical properties of each material used in the construction of a road shall be equal to or better
than those of a material that complies with the requirements of the relevant standardized specification.
3.2 Responsibility for location
Except where specific sources of materials for controlled layers are designated or specified in the project specification,
the Contractor shall be responsible for locating sources of suitable materials in sufficient quantities for the purposes
of the contract.

3) Published by the Department of Transport.

3
SABS 1200 M:l996
Roads (general)

3.3 Aggregate for road layers and surfacing

3.3.1 Slngie-sized crushed aggregate
Except that argillaceous rocks are not suitable and pedocrete shall only be used if permitted in terms of the project
specification, aggregate for surface treatment and for asphalt shall comply with the relevant requirements of table 1
for the nominal size and grade specified.

4
 SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)

-
Table 1 Sin! le-sized crushed aggregate
1 2 I 3 4 5 I. 6 I 7
Property Nominal size of aggregate
3rading, % (by mass) of material passing
;ieves of nominal aperture size, mm
3rades 1 & 2 75,O
53,O
375
26,5
19,o
13,2
975
637
4,75
2,36
3ade 3

Iines content, material passing a 0,425 mm

sieve, YO(by mass), max. Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
lust content, material passing a 0,075 mm
sieve, YO(by mass), max. Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
7akiness index, rnax.
a) aggregate for surface treatment and for
asphalt Grade 1
Grades 2 & 3
3) aggregate for rolled-in chips All grades 20
10 Ol0 FACT value (dry), kN, min. [wetldry]
2) aggregate for surface treatment, for
open graded asphalt and for rolled-in 210 [75 YO]
chips
3) aggregate for asphalt other than open 160 [75 Yo]*
graded '170 [70 YO]for diamictites (e.g. tillite)
4ggregate crushing value (ACV) (dry), YO(by
nass), max.
3) aggregate for surface treatment, for
open graded asphalt and for rolled-in
chips 21
3) aggregate for asphalt 25
'olished stone value6), min. 4' I 50

4) No specified value available.

5) Not a prequired property.
6) Polished stone values only apply if required in terms of the project specification.

5
SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)

3.3.2 Aggregate for slurry seal

Aggregate for use in slurry seal shall be an approved crusher sand obtained from a parent rock that has an ACV not
exceeding 30 or a mixture that consists of such crusher sand and not more than 25 % of approved clean natural sand.
The aggregate shall be clean, tough, durable and angular, and shall comply with the relevant grading requirements
of table 2 for the slurry and the grade or type of aggregate specified.

-
Table 2 Grading limits of aggregate for slurry seal

1 2 3 4 5 6

- Fine slurry Coarse slurry

Nominal aperture
sire of sieve Fine grade Medium grade Coarse grade Type 1 Type 2
I mm
I 13,2

I 6,700

2.360
1,180
0,600

The sand equivalent, determined in accordance with SABS method 838 (TMH 1 method B19), shall be at least 35.
The immersion index, determined in accordance with TMH 1 method C5, of briquettes made with the slurry aggregate
and 80/100 penetration grade (road grade B10) bitumen at the specified net bitumen content for the slurry, shall be
at least 75.
3.3.3 Aggregates for pavement layers
Aggregate in the compacted pavement layers shall comply with the requirements of table 3A or table 3B, as applicable,
for the type and nominal size of material specified.

6
 SABS 1200 M:l996
Roads (general)

-
Table 3A Natural aggregate for pavement layers (G1 to G4)

1 2 3 4 5
Criteria G1 G2 G3 G4
Parent Sound rock from an Sound rock, boulders or Sound rock, boulders or Natural gravel or
material approved quarry, or coarse gravel coarse gravel natural gravel and
clean, sound mine rock boulders which may
from mine dumps, or require crushing
clean sound boulders
Additional Only fines crushed May contain up to 10 Vo May contain up to 15 o/o May contain approved
fines from the same sound (by mass) of approved (by mass) of approved natural fines not
parent rock may be natural fines not natural fines not obtained from parent
added for grading obtained from parent obtained from parent rock. Added fines
correction, provided rock, where required to rock, where required to shall have an LL not
that added fines have improve grading. improve grading or exceeding 25 and a
an LL not exceeding Added fines shall have Atterberg limits or both. PI not exceeding 6
25 and a PI not an LL not exceeding 25 Added fines shall have
exceeding 4 and a PI not exceeding an LL not exceeding 25
6 and a PI not exceeding
6
Strength 10 9'0 fines aggregate crushing value (10 Yo FACT), determined in CBR at 98 o/o Mod.
accordance with SABS method 842 (TMH 1 method B2), shall be at least AASHTO max. density
the appropriate value in column 3 of table 4. shall be at least 80 %.
The aggregate crushing value (ACV), determined in accordance with Swell at 100 'Yo Mod.
SABS method 841 (TMH 1 method Bl), shall not exceed the appropriate AASHTO max. density
value in table 5. shall not exceed
0,2 o/o for all materials
except calcretes, in
which case it shall not
exceed 0,5%.
DurabiIity See columns 3, 4 and 5 of table 4 See table 6
Shape The flakiness index, determined in accordance with SABS 847 (TMH 1 Alluvial and colluvial
method B3T), shall not exceed 35 on each of the -26,5 mm +19 mm gravels shall be
fraction and the -19 mm +13.2 mrn fraction crushed
All faces shall be For crushed materials, at least 50 Yo (by mass) of ie fractions retained
fractured faces on each standard sieve of 4,75 mm and larger. shall have at least one
fractured face
Atterberg LL shall not exceed LL shall not exceed 25. LL shall not exceed 25. LL shall not exceed
limits 25. Except that the PI shall not exceed 6, 25. PI shall not
Except that the arithmetic mean of the except in the case of exceed 6, except in
arithmetic mean of the results for a lot (min. 6 calcrete, in which case the case of calcrete,
results for a lot (min. 6 tests) shall not exceed it shall not exceed 8. in which case it shall
tests) shall not exceed 45, the PI shall not LS shall not exceed not exceed 8.
4, the PI shall not exceed 6. 3 %. LS shall not exceed
exceed 5. LS shall not exceed 3 %. For calcretes,
LS shall not exceed 3 %. the product of LS and
2 %. If the PI of the minus the percentage
If the PI of the minus 0,075mm fraction passing a 0,425 mm
0,075 mm fraction exceeds 12, see 3.3.6. sieve shall not exceed
exceeds 12, see 3.3.6. 170.
Soluble salts See 3.3.5(a).
Grading See table 8.

7
SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)
-
Table 38 Natural aggregate for pavement layers (G5 to G7)
1 2
Mteria G5
'arent material Natural gravel or natural gravel
and boulders which may require
crushing, or crushed rock
9dditional fines May contain approved natural
fines not obtained from parent
rock
Strength CBR at 95 oo/ of Mod. AASHTO
max. density shall be at least
45 %.
Swell at 100 o/o of Mod. AASHTO
max. density shall not exceed
0,5%.
Durability Mudrocks shall have a wet 10 Ol0
FACT value of at least 90 kN and
a wet/dry Venter test class7) of I
or II.
Shape All alluvial or colluvial material
shall be so crushed that at least
(50 Yo by mass) of the fraction
retained on the 4,75 mm sieve
has at least one fractured face.
Atterberg limits LL shall not exceed 30.
PI shall not exceed 10, except
that for materials other than
mudrocks, the PI shall not exceec
12 if less than 30 YOof the
sample passes the 2,OO mm
sieve.
LS shall not exceed 5 %.
In the case of calcretes, the PI
shall not exceed 15, provided tha
the LS does not exceed 6 YOand
the product of the LS and the
percentage passing the 0,425 mn
sieve does not exceed 320.
Size The maximum size of crushed
material shall be 53 mm before
compaction. The maximum size c
uncrushed material shall be
63 mm.
Grading The percentage (by mass)
passing the 2,OO mm sieve shall
be not less than 20 o/o and not
more than 70 %.
Grading modulus shall be not les!
than 1,5 and not more than 25.
Soluble salts See 3.3.5(a)
5) See p.5.
7) Venter, JP, Guidelines for the use of mudrocks in road construction in South Africa. CSIR, DRTT, Pretoria, January 1989. See
also 4.2 of section M of SABS 0120-3.
8
3 4
G6
Jatural gravel or natural
!ravel and boulders which
nay require crushing, or
:rushed rock
day contain approved natural
ines not obtained from parent
.ock
2BR at 95 % of Mod.
4ASHTO max. density shall
)8 at least 25 %.
Swell at 100 oo/ of Mod.
9ASHTO max. density shall
lot exceed 1,O %.
Mudrocks shall have a wet
10 Vo FACT value of at least
30 kN and a wet/dry Venter
est class7) of I or 11.
nrp5)
'I shall not exceed 12 or the
ialue equal to twice the
yading modulus plus 10,
Nhichever is the higher value.
,S shall not exceed
5 %.
In the case of calcretes, the
PI shall not exceed 15,
wovided that the LS does not
sxceed 6 % and the product
3f the LS and the percentage
oassing the 0,425 mm sieve
does not exceed 320.
The maximum size of crushec
material shall be 63 mm
before compaction. The
maximum size of uncrushed
material shall be two-thirds of
the compacted layer
thickness.
Grading modulus shall be not
less than 1,2 and not more
than 2,6.
nrp5)
67
Natural material
nrp5)
CBR at 93 Yo of Mod.
AASHTO max. density shall
be at least 15 %.
Swell at 100 Yo of Mod.
AASHTO max. density shall
not exceed 1 3 %.
Mudrocks shall have a wet
10 Y0 FACT value of at least
60 kN and a wet/dry Venter
test class7) of I, II or 111.
PI shall not exceed 12 or
the value equal to 3 times
the grading modulus plus
10, whichever is the higher
dalue.
In the case of calcretes, the
PI shall not exceed
17, provided that the LS
does not exceed 7 O/O and
the product of the LS and
the percentage passing the
0,425 mm sieve does not
exceed 320.
The maximum size of
crushed material shall be
75 mm before compaction.
The maximum size of
uncrushed material shall be
two-thirds of the compacted
layer thickness.
Grading modulus shall be
not less than 0,75 and not
more than 2,7.
 SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (generial)

-
Table 4 10 % fines aggregate crushlng

w
~

1 2 3 4 5
Rock type Matrlx
I Dry
kN, min. kN, min.
Wetldry
relationship
%, min.
Arenaceous rock Non-siliceous cementing
I 75

I
material

Diamictite (tilIite)
Siliceous cementing
material
I
110

200
II 75
70
Argillaceous rock*) 180 125 I -4)

Other rock types 110 I 75

-
Table 5 Aggregate crushing value

~ ~~

1 2
Rock type ACV
%, max.

Arenaceous: without siliceous cementing matrix 27

Arenaceous: with siliceous cementing matrix 29
Diamictite (tiIIite) 21
Argillaceous rock') 24
Other rock types 29

4) See p.5.
8) Argillaceous rock is only to be used if so permitted in the project specification.

9
SABS 1200 MA996
Roads (general)
-
Table 6 Durability requirementsfor 0 4 material
1 2 3 4
Percentage that passes
Group Members of group Durability Mill Index 0,425 mm sieve after the
(maximum) Durability Mill test
(maximum)
Basic crystalline rock Basalt
Dolerite 125 35
Gabbro
Acid crystalline rock Gneiss
Granite 420 35
High silica rock Chert
Hornfels 420 35
Quartzite (clav mineral kaolin)
Sandstone Arkose 35
Conglomerate (increase from
Sandstone 125 original not more
Siltstone than 15 %)
Mudrock Mudrock
Phyllite 125 35
Shale
Carbonate rock Dolomite
Limestone nrp4) nrp4)
Marble
Diamictite Greywacke
Tillite 125 35
Pedogenic material Calcrete
Ferricrete 480 40
Silcrete
~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~

-
Table 7 Chemically stabilized aggregate for pavement layers
1 2 3 4 5
Criteria c1 c2 c3 I c4
Material before
treatment 9s for G2 I
Fxcept for grading, Except for grading,
a&for G2, G3 or
As for G5 or G6

Atterberg limits after PI shall not exceed 6.

treatment
Design
Strength, MPa,
Laboratory UCS
a) at 100 Oh Mod.
AASHTO max. 6 min. - 12 max. 3 min. - 6 max. 1,5 min. - 3,O max. 0,75min. - 1,5 max.
density
b) at 97 % Mod. 4 min. - 6 max. 2 min. - 4 max. 1 min. - 2 max. 0,5 min. - 1 max.
AASHTO max.
density

I
I

Indirect tensile
strength, kPa, at
100 Vo Mod. 4) 250 min. 200 min.
AASHTO max.
density
Grading See table 8 Max. size shall be 63 mm or two-thirds of the
compacted layer thickness, whichever is the
smaller. (Max. size of crushed material shall be
53 mm.)

4) See p.5.

10
 SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)

-
Table 8 Grading envelope

Nomlnai aperture
size of sieve

19,o 71 - 8 4 a5 - 95 -
60 90 0-5
13.2 59 - 75 71 - 8 4 50 - 85
I 4,75 1 36 - 5 3 I 42 - 60 I 30 - 65 I
2,oo 23 - 40 27 - 45 20 - 50
0,425 11 - 2 4 13 - 27 10 - 30
I 1 I I I
~~~

0,075 4-12 5-12 5-15

3.3.4 Aggregate for waterbound macadam

Coarse aggregate for waterbound macadam shall comply with the requirements for type G1 material as specified in
3.3.3 and with the grading specified for type WM in table 8.
Fine aggregate used as filler in a waterbound macadam base shall consist of sandy soil, dune sand or other material
approved by the Engineer, which can be vibrated in a dry condition and slushed to fill the voids of the compacted
coarse aggregate. It shall have
a) a liquid limit not exceeding 25 %;
b) a linear shrinkage not exceeding 3 %;
c) a PI not exceeding 6; and
d) a maximum size of 4,75 mm, and the percentage of the material passing a sieve of nominal aperture size
0,075 mm shall not exceed 30 %.
3.3.5 Soluble salts
The minus 6,7 rnrn fraction of the material shall conform to the following:
a) untreated material:
1) Witwatersrand quartzite: crushed stone and mine sand: the pH value shall be not less than 6,O. If the pH
value is less than 6,0, see 3.3.6.
2) All other material: the electrical conductivity shall not exceed 0,15 Sm-'. If the electrical conductivity exceeds
0,15 Sm-', see 3.3.6.
b) material to be cemented or lime treated: the pH value shall be not less than 6,O and the electrical conductivity shall
be less than 0,2Sm-'. Where the pH value is less than 6,O or the electrical conductivity is not less than 0,2
Sm-', see 3.3.6.

9) A maximum size of 373 mm might be specified in the project specification.

11
SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)
3.3.6 Chemical modification
3.3.6.1 Plasticity index
If the PI of the minus 0,075 mm fraction of type G1 or type G2 material exceeds 12, the material shall be chemically
modified, after which the PI of the minus 0,075 mm fraction shall not exceed 8.
If chemical modification is required for type G3 material, in order not to exceed the specified maximum PI, the Pi of
the minus 0,075 mm fraction after modification shall not exceed 10.
If chemical modification is required for type G5 or type G6 material, in order not to exceed the specified maximum PI,
the average PI after modification shall not exceed the maximum specified PI minus 2.
3.3.6.2 Soluble salts
Where the minus 6,7mm fraction of the material does not comply with the requirements of 3.3.5,the material shall
be chemically modified as follows:
a) untreated material:
1) Witwatersrand quartzite: crushed stone and mine sand. Where the pH value is less than 6,0, the material
shall be modified with lime until the pH value is not less than 10,0,provided that the pH remains at not less
than 8,O over time.
2) all other material: where the electrical conductivity exceeds 0,15 Sm- and
i) the pH value is less than 6, the material shall be modified with lime until the pH value is not less than 10,
provided that the pH value remains at not less than 8,O over time.
ii) the pH value is not less than 6,0,the material may only be used if so permitted in terms of the project
specification and with the treatment specified therein.
b) Material to be cemented or lime treated: if the pH value is less than 6,O or the electrical conductivity is not less
than 0,2 Sm-, the material may only be used if so permitted in terms of the project specification and with the
treatment specified therein.

4 Plant
All plant used shall comply with the requirements of the relevant standardized specification(s).

5 Construction
The methods of construction and workmanship shall comply with the requirements of the relevant standardized
specification(s).

6 Tolerances
6.1 General
Subject to the requirements of 6.2, in the case of any controlled layer, the degree of accuracy of the finished work shall
be as stated in the relevant standardized specification and the permissible deviations (PD)(see clause 6 of
SABS 1200 A or clause 6 of SABS 1200 AA, as applicable) shall be within the appropriate of the limits stated in the
relevant standardized specification. (Degree of accuracy Ii shall apply if no degree of accuracy is specified.)
6.2 Tolerances not cumulative
Tolerances on designated thicknesses and levels may vary only within the limits shown on drawing M.6. Neither plus
tolerances nor minus tolerances may be accumulated through successive controlled layers and surfacing of the road
construction.
Should the completed level of a controlled layer fall between the designated level and that determined by the limit of
the negative tolerance, the thickness of the next controlled layer shall be increased accordingly.
6.3 Frequency of checks
For the purpose of tolerance control, the Contractor shall make sufficient checks at at least the applicable frequency
set out in column 2 or column 3 of table 9, whichever is the greater.

12
 SABS 1200 MA996
Roads (general)

-
Table 9 Frequency of control checks

Operatlng constructlon Aredlength to which Number of measurements

tolerances being checked one measurement Is applied, per lot, min.
max.
, Grade (surface levels) 20 m 3 points per cross-
section
i Width of section 100 m
Thickness of
a) selected layer 500 m2 4
b) subbase 1 500 m2 4
c) base 500 m2 4
Cross-section 20 m
Smoothness 40 m
Cut-and-fill slopes 20 m

7 Testing
7.1 General
Sampling procedures shall comply with the applicable requirements of TMH 5.
7.2 Process control
In addition to the requirements for testing given in clause 7 of SABS 1200 D, the following shall apply:
The Contractor shall carry out process control tests at a frequency that is not less than that set out in clause 7 of the
standardized specification applicable to the earthworks (subgrade) or layer being processed, and he shall provide the
Engineer with the results of such tests.
7.3 Routine inspection and testing
7.3.1 Routine inspection and testing will be carried out by the Engineer, to check the quality of materials for
compliance with the requirementsof clause 3 of the relevant standardized specification, but such inspection and testing
shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility to ensure that the materials comply with the relevant requirements
of the specifications.
7.3.2 Should the average and minimum densities of the earthworks or layer being processed be equal to or exceed
the respective values given in clause 7 of the relevant standardized specification, the earthworks or layer shall be
deemed to comply with the requirements for density.
7.3.3 Where so required in terms of a standardized specification or the project specification involving major projects
or high quality materials, acceptance control in respect of designated properties shall be carried out in accordance with
a statistical acceptance control plan (see appendix B) in terms of which the Engineer may designate lots and specify
the size of each lot, the number of samples, and the tests to be carried out by the Contractor.
7.4 Compaction control
The methods of determining the standard of compaction shall be as stated in TMH 1.

8 Measurement and payment

Measurement and payment shall comply with the requirements of the relevant standardized specification(s).

13
 SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)

14
 SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)

-i- aPt-?Jwns

I
5'
i

15
SABS 1200 M:l996
Roads (general)

16
 Dual carriageway cross-road
. \\

Turning lane
slip lane
s_**
Turning road
-- ran
Len-Iurn '-ie
1

I slip road -
Traffic island ,un-ramp / . Merging
-~
nose
entrance nose

Speed change lanes

-._LLC-.-- -
Freeway

Deceleration lane
Acceleration lane
Approach nose
Grade separation exit nose
flyover

At-grade separation'
I K\
\\\\

Drawing M.4 - Access interchange (diamond type)

 Freeway

Taper
Deceleration lane
Approach nose

Three-level bridge
Three-level crossing
\\ Semi-direct ramp

Subway
Inner ramp
\ Merging nose
Underpass Entrance nose
cceleration lane

Grade separation
Two-level crossing

Collectordistributer road

Drawing M.5 - Systems interchange (semi-direct type with two loops)

 SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)

Designated level of finished surface

- 40

-50

-50

- 50
a = actual thickness of layer
t = designated thickness of layer
x = tolerance on designated level
Typical example

Drawing M.6 - Designated levels and thickness tolerances

19
SABS 1200 MA996
Roads (general)

Appendix A
Applicable standards

Reference is made to the latest issues of the following publications:

SABS 1200 A Civil engineering construction :General.

SABS 1200 AA Civil engineering construction :General (small works).
SABS 1200 C Civil engineering constnrction :Site clearance.
SABS 1200 D Civil engineering construction :Earthworks.
SABS 1200 DM Civil engineering construction :Earthworks (roads, subgrade).
SABS 1200 ME Civil engineering construction :Subbase.
SABS 1200 MFH) Civil engineering construction :Base (heavy pavement structures).
SABS 1200 MFL Civil engineering consturction :Base (light pavement structures).
SABS 1200 MG Civil engineering construction :Bituminous surface treatment.
SABS 1200 MH Civil engineering construction : Asphalt base and surfacing.
SABS 0120-3 M Code of practice for use with standardized specifications for civil engineering construction
and contract documents - Part 3 :Guidance for design - Section M.

SABS method 838 Sand equivalent value of fine aggregates.

SABS method 841 Aggregate crushing value of coarse aggregates.
SABS method 842 FACT value (10 % fines aggregate crushing value) of coarse aggregates.
SABS method 847 Flakiness index of coarse aggregates.

TMH 1 Standard methods of testing road construction materials.

TMH 5 Sampling methods for road construction materials.

1) See p.1.

20
 SABS 1200 MA996
Roads (general)

Appendix B
Statistical judgement plan

B.l Scope
This appendix describes a scheme for determining, by means of tests and measurements and by applying a statistical
judgement plan, whether certain requirements and limit values specified in the specifications in regard to the properties
of materials and workmanship are being complied with.

B.2 Interpretation
Where a statistical judgement plan has been specified in the relevant standardized specification or in the project
specification, the results of such tests conducted and measurements taken for controlling the relevant properties of
materials and workmanship shall be assessed on the basis of the prescribed criteria in this appendix, for compliance
with the specified requirements and limit values.
In this statistical judgment plan, the variability of each set of test values is statistically determined. This variability is
used to modify the specified acceptance limits for each set of tests (lot) and the mean of the test results is judged
against the modified acceptance limits.
Despite acceptance of a property judged by this statisticaljudgement plan, a material or work submitted will be rejected
if one or more other properties (whether controlled by statistical methods or not) fail to comply with the requirements
of the specification and are not conditionally accepted in terms of clause B.6, or where there are other causes for
rejection, such as obviously defective workmanship or excessively variable properties, visible signs of poor
workmanship, and similar considerations that constitute sufficient grounds for rejecting the work without any further
testing.
The Engineer shall be entitled to assess separately any specified portion of a lot if, in his opinion, it exhibits significant
deviations when compared with the remainder of the lot.
Where a statistical judgement plan is specified, it shall be adhered to in all cases where it is used, and decisions based
on it shall not be altered.

8.3 Definitions
8.3.1 Lot: A sizeable portion of work or quantity of material that is assessed as a unit for the purpose of quality
control, and selected to represent material or work produced by essentially the same process and from essentially the
same materials.
8.3.2 Random sample: A group of n test measurements at n separate test positions or on n sample portions
obtained from the lot in an unbiased manner (see B4.2).
8.3.3 Sample mean (FA: The arithmetic mean of a set of n test results that constitute the sample.
B.3.4 Sample standard deviation (SA. Sample standard deviation is defined by

zx2 - nFn2
sn ;1 n-1

where rn is the sample mean,

x is the value of an individual sample portion, i.e. an individual test result or measurement, and
n is the sample size, i.e. the number of individual test results or measurements.
B.3.5 Specification limit (Ls):The limit value of the property of any product outside which not more than a certain
specified percentage (0)of the population of values representing an acceptable product property is allowed to lie. The
specification limit may be a single lower limit L,, or a single upper limit L; , or a double limit consisting of a lower limit
L, and an upper limit L; .
8.3.6 Acceptance limit (La): The limit value of the sample mean within which the lot will be accepted. For a
lower-limit specification, this acceptance limit is denoted by La. For an upper-limit specification, this acceptance limit
is denoted by L,I . For a double-limit specification, the lower and upper limits are denoted by L, and 4 respectively.
8.3.7 Conditional acceptance: The acceptance of a lot at reduced payment in lieu of rejection.
8.3.8 Rejection limit (Q: The limit value of the sample mean outside which conditional acceptance will not be
considered. It may be a lower limit L, or an upper limit L; .
8.3.9 Payment reduction factor (f): The factor by which Contract rates shall be multiplied for calculating the
payment for conditionally accepted work.
B.3.10 Outller: A test result or measurement that differs significantly from the other values obtained for a sample
and where the difference can be ascribed to an assignable cause.

21
SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)
8.3.11 First submission: The submission of a lot for approval for the first time or for a second time on the basis
of a second set of test values when the properties of the first and the second sets of test values differ significantly.
8.3.12 Resubmission: The submission of a lot for approval for a second time when the properties of the first and
second sets of test values do not differ significantly.
8.3.13 Factors k,, kad,k,, k, : The factors used for calculating the acceptance limits and rejection limits (see B.5.4
and tables B.6, B.7, B.10 and 8.11).
8.3.14 0 (%): The maximum percentage of a statistical population of values of a product property permitted to lie
outside the specification limits where the product could still be regarded as being acceptable (see table B.5).

8.4 General requirements

8.4.1 Determining lot size
8.4.1.1 Road construction layers
The lot size shall normally be a section compacted in one process where essentially the same materials and
construction equipment have been used. Where production is on a continuous basis, a lot shall normally mean the
product of one days work and shall not exceed the product of two full days work. However, a lot of any smaller size
may be ordered by the Engineer where
a) the properties under investigation exhibit abnormal local variation within the normal lot size,
b) an area is obviously of a different quality from the rest, or
c) the rate of production is very high.
8.4.1.2 Other
In cases other than road construction layers, as for example in material stockpiles, where the definition of a lot in
accordance with clause B.3 does not apply direct, the Engineer will determine lot sizes in accordance with
circumstances pertaining to each case.
8.4.2 Random sampling
When any lot is tested, whether a normal-sized lot or an isolated section that clearly exhibits an abnormal variation
of the property under consideration, all samples shall be taken in a stratified random pattern. For this purpose, use
shall be made of tables of random numbers, and the instructions in publication TMH 5, Sampling forroad construction
materials, shall be followed.
8.4.3 Sample sizes
Except that no sample size shall be smaller than that given in table 8.5, the Engineer, for the purposes of acceptance
control, will, in advance, determine the sample size n. The larger the sample, the more reliable the result will be.
8.4.4 Outliers
Test results shall be scanned for possible outliers. Where a test result deviates greatly from the remainder in a lot,
it shall, if possible, be re-examined by further testing and, if there is reasonable evidence to suggest that the test result
is erroneous, it shall be regarded as an outlier, rejected, and replaced with a fresh test result.
Where repeating a test or re-examining a test result is impossible, the procedure described in B.4.4.1 or B.4.4.2, as
applicable, shall be used for identifying an outlier. Every outlier shall be discarded, and, if possible, replaced with a
new random test value. The sample mean Xn and the sample standard deviation shall then be recalculated. If an
outlier cannot be replaced, the sample mean and standard deviation shall be calculated on the basis of the remaining
test results. The final number of test results used in the assessment after the elimination of an outlier shall be not less
than 4.
8.4.4.1 All work except that covered by 84.4.2
Calculate the value of To from:

where
xn is the arithmetic mean,
Snis the sample standard deviation, and
xo is the value of the test result that differs most from the mean (possible outlier).
Compare the value of To with the value of Tfor the applicable value of n, from table B.l. If the absolute value of To
exceeds T, then xo is an outlier.

22
 SABS 1200 MA996
Roads (general)
Table B.l - Critical values of Tfor outliers
1 2
Number of observatlons Critical value
n T
4 1,46
5 1,67
6 1,82
7 1,94
8 2,03
9 2,ll
10 2,18
11 2,23
12 2,29
13 2,33
14 2,37
15 2,41
16 2,44
17 2,47
18 2,50
19 2,53
20 2,56

8.4.4.2 Granular material, asphalt, surfacing aggregate and cemented layers

Calculate the value of COfrom:
C0=~x,-x7,~
where
Fn is the arithmetic mean, and
xo is the value of the test result that differs most from the mean (possible outlier).

Compare the value of COwith the value of C for the applicable value of n and product property, from tables B.l a, B.l b,
B.lc or B.ld, as applicable.
If COexceeds C, the test result xo shall be regarded as an outlier.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Percentage Sieve size for G1 and G2 only
n compaction rnm PI
26,5 19,0 13,2 4,75 2,OO 0,425 0,075
4 491 61 83 83 7,3 56 3,6 32 2,4
5 4,4 64 98 98 7,7 599 3,9 393 22
6 4,6 6,7 9,4 9,4 8,O 62 40 395 2,7
7 4,7 6-9 9,7 9,7 83 63 4,1 3,6 23
8 48 7,1 9,9 93 8,s 6,s 42 3,7 28
9 499 72 10,l 10,l 8,6 6,6 4,3 3,7 23
10 4,9 7,3 10,2 10,2 8,7 6,7 4,4 3,8 2,9

23
SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)

1 2 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 10 11 12
Sieve size
Percentage mm Bitumen Voids
,I compaction
265 19,O 13,2 93 4,75 2,36 0,300 0,075
content in mix

4 32 6,l 7,3 8,s 8,5 7,9 63 6,8 2,s 0,4 23

5 3,3 6,4 7,7 9,0 9,0 8,4 7,2 7,2 2,6 0,s 2,4
6 33 6,7 a,o 9,4 9,4 8,7 75 7,s 2,7 095 2,5
7 396 6,g 8,3 9,7 9,7 9 , ~ 7,7 7,7 2,a 05 28
8 3$7 7,l 8,5 9,9 9,9 9,2 7,9 7,9 2,9 0,s 2,7
9 3,7 7,2 8,6 10,l 10,l 9,4 8,l 8,l 3,O 0,s 2,7
10 3,8 7,3 8,7 10,2 10,2 9,4 8,l 8,l 3,o OS 2.8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4
5
6
7
8
9
10

" Percentage
compaction
UCS PI CBR

4 24
5 26
6 27
7 28
8 28
9 29
10 29

NOTE - C = as determined by nb
where is the C value for a = 0,Ol and Q is the standard deviarron of the population derived from historical data.
8.4.4.3 Sample standard deviation too small
Where the sample standard deviation S, is very small, it could be the cause for a values being wrongly classified as
an outlier. For this purpose, a minimum value SNmln) shall be determined for S
,, as follows:
- j F . s -n
-
Sn(mln, n - 1)
where
x:o,w ; n - 1 = x20,wfor ( n - 1) degrees of freedom as obtained from table B.2; and
S, is the mean value for Sn for the particular property as determined by records of previous work.

24
 SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)
-
Table B.2 Values of x20.99distribution
1 2 1 2 1 2

(n -1) x20.99 (n - 1) (n - 1) X20.99

0,0001 57 11 21 8,897
0,0201 12 3,571 22 9,542
0,115 13 4,107 23 10,196
0,297 14 4,660 24 10,856
0,554 15 5,229 25 11,524
0,872 16 5,812 26 12,198
1,239 17 6,408 27 12,879
8 1,646 18 7,015 28 13,565
2,088 19 7,633 29 14,256
10 2.558 20 8.260 30 14,953

8.4.5 Resubmission
Where a lot has been accepted conditionally or has been rejected, the Engineer may agree to its resubmission for
approval if
a) it has been reworked and the Engineer is satisfied that a proper attempt was made to improve the properties that
were unacceptable, or
b) where, in his opinion, there are valid technical reasons therefor.
In both cases, a fresh sample shall be taken, and a fresh (second) set of test values determined. The first and second
sets of test values shall then be compared with each other to determine whether their properties differ significantly.
Where, in the opinion of the Engineer, a significant difference does occur, the first set of test values shall be discarded
and the second set of test values shall be assessed as a first submission.
Where, in the opinion of the Engineer, no significant difference occurs, the submission of the lot shall be regarded and
assessed as a resubmission, which will mean, inferalia, that the first and second sets of test values shall be combined
for purposes of assessment.
In order to be able to determine theoretically whether there is a significant difference between the two sets of test
values (suffixes a and b), the Fisher F-test shall be conducted, and, if necessary, also the t-test, all as specified in
B.4.5.1 and 8.4.5.2 respectively.
B.4.5.1 The Fisher F-test
Calculate the value of f = Sg2/%2,
where
Sg is the the greater value of S, and %, and
Sk is the smaller value of S, and %.
The value of Fo,os,ug,uk is obtained from table 8.3
where
ug is the sample size minus one, from the sample with the larger standard deviation, and
uk is the sample size minus one, from the sample with the smaller standard deviation.
Where F > Fo,05, ug,uk, a significant difference occurs theoretically between the two sets of test results, but where
Fc F0.05, ug,uk,the difference is not necessarily significant, and the t-test shall also be conducted to obtain a decision.

25
 -
Table 8.3 Values of f distribution (a= 0,05)

% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30
k'
1 161,44 200 216 225 230 234 237 239 241 242 243 244 245 245 246 247 248 248 248 248 249 249 249 250 250
2 18,51 19,O 19,2 19,2 19.3 19.3 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19.4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,5 19,5 19,5 19.5 19,5
3 10,13 9,55 9,28 9,12 9.01 8,94 8.89 8-65 8,81 8,79 8,76 8,74 8,73 8,71 8,70 8,69 8,68 8,67 8.67 8,s 8.65 8.64 8.63 8,62 8.62
4 7,71 6,94 6.59 5,39 6,26 6,16 6,09 6,04 6,OO 5,96 5,94 5,91 5.98 5,87 5,86 5,84 5.83 5,82 5,81 5,w) 5 7 9 5.77 5,76 5.75 5.75
5 6.61 5,79 5,41 5,19 5,05 4,95 4,80 4,82 4,77 4,74 4,70 4,68 4,66 4,64 4,62 4,60 4,59 4.58 4.57 4,s 4,54 4,53 4,52 4,5O 4,5O
6 5.99 5,14 4,76 4,53 4,39 4,28 4,21 4,15 4,lO 4,06 4,03 4,OO 3,98 3.96 3,94 3,92 3,91 3,90 3,88 3,87 335 3,84 3,83 3,82 3.81
7 539 474 435 4,12 3,97 3.87 3,79 3,73 3,68 3,64 3,60 3.57 3.55 3,53 3,51 3,49 3,48 3,47 3,46 3,44 34-3 3,41 3,40 3,39 3 3
8 5-32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3,58 3,50 3,44 3,39 3,35 3.31 3,28 3,26 3,24 3,22 3,20 3,19 3,17 3,16 3,15 3,13 3,12 3 , l O 3,OO 3,08
9 5,12 4,26 3,86 3,63 3,48 3,37 3,29 3,23 3,18 3,14 3,lO 3,07 3,05 3,03 3,Ol 2.99 2,97 2 , s 2,95 2.94 2.92 2,W 2,89 2,87 2.86
10 4,96 4,lO 3,71 3,48 3,33 3.22 3,14 3,07 3,02 2,98 2.94 2,91 2,89 2,86 2,85 2,83 2,81 230 2,78 2 , n 2,75 2.74 2,72 2,71 2,70
17 4,84 3,98 3,59 3,36 3.20 3,09 3,Ol 2,95 2,90 2,85 2,82 2.79 2,76 2,74 2,72 2,70 2,69 2,67 2.66 2,65 2,63 2,61 2.59 2.58 2,57
12 475 3,89 3,49 3,26 3,11 3,OO 2.91 2,85 2,80 2,75 2.72 2,69 2,66 2,64 2,62 2,60 2,518 2,57 2,536 234 232 2.51 2.49 2,48 2.47
13 4.67 3,81 3,41 3,18 3,03 2,92 2,83 2,77 2,71 2,67 2.63 2,60 2.58 2,55 2,53 2,51 2.50 2,48 2,47 2,46 2.44 2.42 2,41 2,39 2,38
14 4,60 3.74 3,34 3,11 2,96 2,85 2,76 2,70 2,65 2,60 2,57 2.53 2.51 2,48 2,46 2,44 2.43 2,41 2,40 2.39 2,37 2 , s 2.33 2.32 2,31
15 4,54 3,68 3,29 3,06 2,90 2,79 2,71 2.64 2.59 2.54 2,51 2,46 2,45 2,42 2,40 2,38 2,37 2.35 2.34 2.33 2,31 2,29 2.27 2,26 2,25
16 4,49 363 3.24 3.01 2,85 2,74 2,66 2,59 2,54 2,49 2.46 2,42 2,40 2.37 2,35 2,33 2,32 2,30 2,29 2,28 2.25 2.24 2,22 2,21 2,19
17 4.45 3,59 3,20 2.96 2,81 2,70 2,61 2,55 2.49 2,45 2,41 2,38 2,35 2,33 2,31 2 3 2,27 2.26 2,24 2,23 2,21 2.19 2,17 2.16 2,15
18 4,41 3,55 3,16 2.93 2,77 2,66 2,58 2.51 2.46 2,4? 2.37 2,34 2,31 2,29 2.27 2,25 2,23 2,22 2.20 2,19 2,17 2,151 2.13 2,12 2,11
19 4,38 3,52 3,13 2,90 2,74 2,63 2,54 2,48 2,42 2,38 2,34 2,31 2,28 2,26 2,23 2,21 2.20 2,18 2.17 2,16 2,13 2.11 2.10 2,08 2,07
20 4.35 3,49 3 , l O 2,87 2,71 2,60 2,51 2,451 2,39 2,35 2,31 2,28 2,25 2,22 2,20 2.18 2,17 2,15 2,14 2.12 2,lO 2,08 2.07 2,05 2,W
21 4,32 3,47 3.07 2,84 2,68 2,57 2,49 2,42 2,37 2.32 2.28 2,25 2,22 2,20 2,18 2,16 2,14 2,12 2,11 2,10 2,07 2,05 2,04 2,02 2,01
22 4,30 3,44 3,05 2,82 2,66 2,55 2,46 2,40 2,34 2.30 2,26 2,23 2,20 2,17 2,15 2,13 2,11 2,lO 2,08 2.07 2.05 2,03 2,Ol 2,00 1,98
23 4,28 3,42 3,03 2,80 2,64 2,53 2,44 2,37 2,32 2,27 2,23 2,20 2,18 2,15 2,13 2,11 2,09 2,07 2,06 2,05 2,02 2,OO 1,99 1.97 1 , s
24 4,26 3,40 3,Ol 2,78 2,62 2.51 2,42 2,36 2,30 2.25 2,21 2.18 2,15 2,13 2,11 2,09 2,07 2.05 2,04 2.03 2,OO 1,98 1,97 1,95 1,94
25 4,24 3,39 2,99 2.76 2,60 2,49 2,40 2,34 2,28 2,24 2,20 2,16 2,14 2,11 2,09 2,07 2,05 2,04 2,02 2,Ol 1,98 1,96 1,95 I,% 1,92
26 4,23 3,37 2,98 2,74 2,59 2.47 2,39 2,32 2,27 2.22 2,18 2,15 2,12 2,09 2,07 2,05 2,03 2,02 2.00 1,99 1,97 1,95 1,93 1,91 1.90
27 4,21 3,351 2,96 2,73 2,57 2.46 2,37 2.31 2,25 2,20 2.17 2,13 2,lO 2,08 2,06 2,04 2,02 2,OO 1,99 1,97 1,95 1,93 1,91 1,90 1,88
28 4,20 3,34 2,95 2,71 2,56 2,45 2,36 2,29 2,24 2,19 2,15 2,12 2,09 2,06 2,04 2,02 2-00 1,99 1,97 1.96 1,93 1,91 1,90 1,88 1,87
29 4,18 333 2,93 2,70 2,55 2,43 2,35 2,28 2,22 2,18 2,14 2,lO 2.08 2,05 2,03 2,Ol 1,99 1,97 1.96 1,94 1,92 1,W 1,88 1,87 1,85
30 4,17 3,32 2,92 2,69 2,53 2,42 2,33 2,27 2,21 2,16 2.13 2,09 2,06 2,04 2,Ol 1,99 1,98 1.96 1,95 1,93 1,91 1,89 1'87 1,85 1,84
 SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)

B.4.5.2 The t-test

Calculate

then calculate

where 1Xa - x b [ is the absolute value of the difference between Fa and x b and is always positive.
Determine the degrees of liberty
U = na+ nb - 2
The value of top,, U is obtained from table B.4.
Where t > too,, U, a significant difference occurs between the two sets of results, and if t c 6,05,U, there is no
significant difference.

-
Table B.4 Values for t-distribution (a= 0,05)

t
1
U t U U

1 6,3138 11 1,7959 21
2 2,9200 12 1,7823 22
3 2,3534 13 1,7709 23 1,7139
4 2,1318 14 1,7613 24 1,7109
5 2,0150 15 1,7530 25 1,7081
6 1,9432 16 1,7459 26 1,7056
7 1,8946 17 1,7396 27 1,7033
8 1,8595 18 1,7341 28 1,7011
9 1,8331 19 1,7291 29 1,6991
10 1,8125 20 1,7247 30 1,6973

8.5 Judgement plan

Unless otherwise stated in the project specification, the characteristic properties to be controlled in accordance with
this statistical judgement plan shall be those given in column 2 of table B.5.
The procedure to be followed when such properties are being assessed shall be as set out below.
B.5.1 Taking samples and testing the properties
Determine the sample size n by taking into consideration the minimum sample sizes given in table 8.5, and take the
samples in a stratified random pattern as specified in B.4.2. Conduct the appropriate tests.
8.5.2 Identifying outliers
Outliers shall be identified, not taken into account, and, if possible, replaced with fresh test values, all as prescribed
in 8.4.4.
8.5.3 Calculating standard deviation and the mean of sample values
Use the sample results for calculating the standard deviation S, and the mean r,
of the sample values in accordance
with the definitions in clause 8.3.
Where it is a resubmission, the first and second sets of sample results shall be used for determining a combined
sample mean rab,standard deviation sab and sample size nabdetermined as follows:

nab= na + nb

27
SABS 1200 M:l996
Roads (general)

where subscript
a refers to the first set of test values,
b refers to the second set of test values, and
abrefers to the combined sets of test values.
8.5.4 Determining the judgement limits
All judgement limits shall be computed to three decimal figures.
8.5.4.1 First submission
In the case of a first submission, calculate the acceptance limits La and L; in accordance with the formulae given
below.
For a lower-limit specification:
La = & + Sn.ka
Accept the lot if the sample mean xn is equal to or greater than the acceptance limit La, otherwise reject the lot.
For an upper-limit specification:
L,' = 4 - Sn.ka
Accept the lot if the sample mean xn is equal to or less than the acceptance limit L,' , otherwise reject the lot.
For a double-limit specification:
La = L, + Sn.kad
L,' = L,' - Sn.kad
Accept the lot if the sample mean xn falls between the lower acceptance limit La and the upper acceptance limit L,'
or is equal to either one, otherwise reject the lot.
Where a lot has been rejected, it may nevertheless be considered for conditional acceptance in terms of clause B.6.
8.5.4.2 Resubmission
Where a lot is resubmitted for approval in terms of 84.5, calculate the acceptance limits in accordance with the
formulas given below.
For a single-limit specification:
La = L, + Sab.ka
L,' = 4 - Sab.ka
Accept the lot if Tap1. La in the case of a lower-limit specification and if Tab5 4 in the case of an upper limit
specification, otherwise reject the lot.
For a double-limit specification:
La = 4 + 'abakad
+ sab.kad
L,' = L,'
Accept the lot if La( yabzL;r, otherwise reject the lot.
The values of ka and kadused in the above cases shall agree with the sample size nab.
Where a resubmitted lot is rejected, it may nevertheless be considered for conditional acceptance in terms of
clause B.6.
The evaluation of a resubmitted lot shall be final and binding on both Employer and Contractor. The provisions of this
appendix shall be strictly complied with.
Where a resubmitted lot is rejected, the Contractor shall bear the costs of the additional tests conducted on the
resubmitted lot.
8.5.4.3 Values of constants
The values of the specification limits L, and L; shall be as specified in the relevant standardized specification. The
minimum sample size n and the maximum percentage of defectives (0) in an acceptable product shall be as given
in table B.5.
The values of kaand kadshall be as given in tables B.6 and 8.7.

28
 SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)
Table 8.5 - Values of constants n, L,, L; and 0

1 2 3 4 5 6

Minimum
sample
4
(lower (upper
Material Properties size specification
n limit)
Selected subgrade Relative compaction 4 Specified limit
Subbase Relative compaction 6 Specified limit
Base Relative compaction 6 Specified limit I 15 I
Asphalt base or
surfacing
Relative compaction

Binder content
6

6
Specified limit

Specified limit Specified limit

I I l5

minus tolerance plus tolerance

Voids 4 Specified limit Specified limit

minus tolerance plus tolerance
Chemically Cementitious binder 6 70 of specified
stabilized layers content limit

Table B.6 - Values of k, (single limits)

I 1 I 2 I 3

Sample
size n
4 0,445 0,220
5 0,520 0,300
6 0,576 0,358
7 0,620 0,403
8 0,656 0,440
9 0,687 0,470
10 0,713 0,496
12 0,755 0,538
14 3,789 0,571
16 0,817 0,598
18 0,840 0,620
20 0.860 0.640

29
SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)
-
Table 8.7 Values of kad(double limits)

1 2 3 4
kad
Sample size n
0=10% 0 %15 % 0=20%
4 0,299 0,061 -0,161
5 0,390 0,163 -0,038
6 0,456 0,235 0,043
7 0,509 0,290 0,103
8 0,551 0,334 0,149
9 0,587 0,370 0,188
10 0,617 0,401 0,219
12 0,666 0,451 0,271
14 0,706 0,489 0,310
16 0,738 0,521 0,342
18 0,764 0,547 0,368
20 0,787 0,570 0,391

B.6 Conditional acceptance

B.6.1 General
Where a lot is rejected under the statistical judgement plan but the test results are such that the lot complies with the
requirements for conditional acceptance specified hereafter, the Engineer may accept the lot conditionally, that is, the
lot may be accepted at reduced payment in lieu of complete rejection, provided that
a) conditional acceptance shall be in the sole discretion of the Engineer and not an option that may be exercised by
the Contractor or a right he may claim;
b) the lot is approved in respect of all other requirements not judged by a statistical judgement plan:
c) the Contractor shall have the option to remove and reinstate at his own cost conditionally accepted work with work
that complies with the requirements for acceptance at full payment;
d) conditional acceptance and the corresponding reduced payment shall apply only in respect of the work and
properties listed in B.6.2.
8.6.2 Properties to which conditional acceptance applies
Conditional acceptance may be applied in respect of the properties listed in table 8.8.

-
Table 8.8 Properties in respect of which conditional acceptance may be applied

1 2
Property
. - Structure
I I I
Relative compaction (a) Asphalt base or surfacing
(b) Chemically stabilized layers
(c) Plant mixed paver laid layers
Tar of bitumen binder content AsDhalt base or surfacina
Voids in mix Asphalt base or surfacing

I Cementitious binder content I Chemically stabilized layers I

8.6.3 Criteria for conditional acceptance
Any lot which does not comply with the requirements for acceptance may be conditionally accepted should the value
of the sample mean xnlie within the rejection limits determined in accordance with clause 8.7.
The payment reduction factor, f,, shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
For conditional acceptance at a lower limit:

30
 SABS 1200 M:l996
Roads (general)

For conditional acceptance at an upper limit:

Where c = 0,67and d = 0,3.

8.6.4 Applying the payment-reduction factor
The payment-reduction factor shall be applied to the payment items specified in the project specification.
Where a lot is conditionally accepted in regard to more than one property, the payment-reduction factor for each
property shall be computed and the factor that gives the largest reduction shall be applied.

8.7 Determining rejection limits in accordance with statistical criteria

Rejection limits shall be determined in accordance with statistical criteria.
Where required in the project specification that the rejection limits be determined in accordance with statistical criteria
such as TRH 5, it shall be done as follows:
For a single-limit specification:
First submission:
L, = L, + S,,.k,
L; = Ld - S,,.k,
The lot shall be accepted conditionally where La > F n r L, in the case of a lower-limit specification, or where
L,' < y n L,' ~in the case of an upper-limit specification. If not, the lot shall be rejected.
For a double-limit specification:
L, = L, + Sab.krd
L; = L,' - Sab.k,d
The lot shall be conditionally accepted where La > xn?
L, and L,' < FnrL; . If not, the lot shall be rejected.
The values of k, and krdare given in tables 8.10 and 8.1 1.

-
Table B.10 Values of k, (single-limit specification)

Sample
size n 0 = 10 Ye 0 = 15 ?
'
o

4 0,123 -0,148
5 0,238 -0,004
6 0,320 0,089
7 0,382 0,158
8 0,432 0,211
9 0,474 0,255
10 0,509 0,292
12 0,567 0,357
14 0,612 0,397
16 0,649 0,434
18 0,680 0,465
20 0.707 0,491

31
SABS 1200 MA996
Roads (general)

-
Table B.11 Values of hd(double-limit specification)

1 2 3 4
krd
Sample 1

size n 0=10%
4 -0,007 -0,324 -0,708
(0.123) -(0,148)
5 0,132 -0,130 -0,389
6 0,226 -0,016 -0,241
0,296 0,065 -0,144
7 0,126 -0,073
8 0,352 0,176 -0,018
9 0,398 0,027
0,437 0,217
10 0,283 0,098
12 0,500 0,334 0,152
14 0,550 0,375 0,194
16 0,590 0,409 0,229
18 0,624 0,438 0,259
20 0,653

--000-

ISBN 0-626-1 0583-8

32
sabs pta