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CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Topic Outline:
I. Electric Potential Difference
a. Electric Field and the Movement of Charge
b. Electric Potential
c. Electric Potential Difference
II. Electric Current
a. Terminologies
b. Power
III. Electrical Resistance
a. Resistance Electric Potential
b. Ohms Law Recall:
IV. Circuit Connections
Potential energy depends upon more than just location; it
a. Circuit Symbols and Circuit Diagrams
also depends upon mass.
b. Series Circuits
In this sense, electric potential energy depends upon at
c. Parallel Circuits
least two types of quantities:
d. Combination Circuits
o Electric charge
o Distance from source- the location within the electric
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE field
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FORCE NMAT REVIEWER [PHYSICS]
Power
Is the rate at which electrical energy is supplied to a circuit
or consumed by a load
The rate at which work is done
The loss in electric potential while passing through a
circuit element is referred to as a voltage drop.
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE
Resistance is the hindrance to the flow of charge
Mathematically, it is represented by this equation:
A current is a flow of charge within the circuit. It is a rate The conducting ability of a material is often indicated by
quantity its resistivity.
Ohms Law
The standard metric unit for current is the ampere (A) States that the electric potential difference between two
A current of 1 ampere means that there is 1 coulomb of points on a circuit (V) is equivalent to the product of the
charge passing through a cross section of a wire every 1 current between those two points (I) and the total
second. resistance of all electrical devices present between those
two points (R)
1 ampere = 1 coulomb / 1 second V = I R
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FORCE NMAT REVIEWER [PHYSICS]
Series Connections
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FORCE NMAT REVIEWER [PHYSICS]
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FORCE NMAT REVIEWER [PHYSICS]
Itotal = I1 + I2 + I3 + ...
where Itotal is the total amount of current outside the branches
(and in the battery) and I 1, I2, and I3 represent the current in the
individual branches of the circuit.
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FORCE NMAT REVIEWER [PHYSICS]
1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + The 60V battery voltage represents the gain in electric
1/R3 potential by a charge as it passes through the battery. The
1/Req = 1/(5.0 ) + 1/(7.0 ) + 1/(12 ) charge loses this same amount of electric potential for any
1/Req = 0.42619 -1 given pass through the external circuit.
Req = 1 / (0.42619 -1)
Req = 2.3 V battery = V1 = V2 = V3 = 60 V
Voltage Drops for Parallel Branches There are 3 values left to be determined- the current in
Vbattery = V1 = V2 = V3 = ... each of the individual resistors. Again, we make use of
Ohms Law for this problem.
Ohms Law:
I1 = V1 / R1 I2 = V2 / R2 I3 = V3 / R3 I1 = V1 / R1 I2 = V 2 / R2 I3 = V 3 / R3
I1 = (60 V) / (17 ) I2 = (60 V) / (12 ) I3 = (60 V) / (11 )
I1 = 3.53 amp I2 = 5.00 amp I3 = 5.45 amp
This principle is illustrated by the circuit shown below.
The product of IR is the same for each resistor (and equal
To check if the numbers computed are correct, the
to the battery voltage).
calculated values must satisfy the principle that the sum of
However, the current is different in each resistor.
the current values for each individual resistor is equal to
The current is greatest where the resistance is least and the the total current in the circuit (or in the battery). In other
current is least where the resistance is greatest. words, is Itot = I1 + I2 + I3 ?
Is Itot = I1 + I2 + I3?
Is 14.0 amp = 3.53 amp + 5.00 amp + 5.45 amp?
Is 14.0 amp = 13.98 amp?
Yes!!
Combination Circuits
Sample Problem:
Determine the missing values in the circuit diagram below:
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FORCE NMAT REVIEWER [PHYSICS]
Try this:
Solution:
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